1, blood sugar
Most diabetics will have hypoglycemia coma. In this case, they can't save themselves because they can't stay awake. If no one else finds out, they will be sent to the hospital for rescue, or they will supplement sugary foods such as sugar tablets and cola on the spot, and the consequences will be very serious. Therefore, if diabetics who are prone to hypoglycemia go out alone, in addition to bringing candy and snacks to supplement sugar, prepare a piece of paper in your coat pocket to tell the people who come to save you that you are diabetic and you may have hypoglycemia. How do you need help?
2、 1.5 & lt； Blood sugar < 3(2.8) mmol/L.
Adding a bracket 2.8 after 3 indicates that there are different standards, which are listed here at the same time. This blood sugar range belongs to hypoglycemia, and some diabetics will have abnormal consciousness, some will be unconscious, and some will be restless, which varies from person to person. At this time, you should replenish sugar as soon as possible. If you can't speak, you should try to ask for help and re-emphasize the importance of carrying candy, snacks, sugar tablets and other foods with you-the key moment is to save lives.
3. Blood sugar
The key point of this blood sugar level is the diagnostic standard of hypoglycemia. In this case, the sympathetic nerves in the body will start to get excited and have symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as sweating and palpitation. However, it should be noted that some diabetic patients will not have obvious hypoglycemia symptoms. At this time, we should pay special attention: don't take it lightly because there are no symptoms, but make up sugar.
4, blood sugar 3.9 mmol/L.
This value is the lower limit of normal blood sugar in healthy people on an empty stomach. Usually this kind of fasting means that he slept all night and didn't eat after getting up in the morning. In other words, below this value belongs to the range of abnormal blood sugar. At this blood sugar level, hormones responsible for increasing glucose in the body, such as glucagon, begin to secrete glucocorticoids, and the body automatically reacts to increase glucose.
Many diabetic patients often have higher fasting blood sugar in the morning after their blood sugar is lower than 3.9mmol/L around 3 am. This phenomenon has a name, called somogyi effect, which is related to the body's automatic response (program).
5, blood sugar 4.0 mmol/L.
This is the ideal lower limit of fasting blood glucose control, that is to say, it will be too low if it is lower. At this blood sugar level, insulin in the body will stop secreting, which is equivalent to sending a signal: stop lowering blood sugar and consider raising blood sugar.
6, blood sugar 6.1mmol/L.
This is the upper limit of normal fasting blood glucose level in healthy people. In other words, if the fasting blood sugar is higher than this value, it is not normal blood sugar.
7、6. 1 & lt； Blood sugar < 7 mmol/L.
This blood sugar range is between healthy people and diabetes diagnostic criteria, which belongs to impaired fasting blood sugar regulation. If the blood sugar value is measured within this range, it belongs to the early stage of diabetes and is still reversible. This is an important turning point. If we seize the opportunity, we may stay away from diabetes. However, in real life, people often fail to realize or seize this precious opportunity. If there are more people and more voices to publicize and educate, or we can save many people on this cliff.
8, blood sugar ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.
If fasting blood sugar appears twice or more on the same day, someone will tell you cruelly: this is diabetes! This often means that the battle horn has sounded since then.
9, blood sugar 7.8 mmol/L.
The upper limit of blood sugar 2 hours after a meal, above which blood sugar is abnormal.
10, blood sugar 8.9 mmol/L.
The normal renal sugar valve of healthy people will have urine sugar when it exceeds this value, but there are differences between different individuals (pregnancy, etc. ).
1 1, 7.8 < blood glucose <11.1mmol/l
2 hours after meals, blood sugar is in the early stage of diabetes within this blood sugar value range, which belongs to the range of impaired glucose tolerance.
12, blood sugar ≥11.1mmol/l.
After meal or oral glucose test (OGTT), the diagnosis can be made if the blood glucose value is higher than11.1mmol/L twice.
13, blood sugar >; 13.9 mmol/l
Fat in the body begins to decompose, producing a small amount of ketone bodies. This value is mainly used for clinical reference: it is usually used to decide whether to use sodium chloride or glucose in clinical infusion treatment.
14, blood sugar >; 16.7 mmol/l
The blood sugar value is in this range, indicating that the effect of insulin in the body is very small, and blood sugar can hardly be absorbed and utilized by cells. Although there is a lot of sugar in the blood, the cells of the body can't absorb and use it because of the lack of insulin, the key to open the door of cells. This will make the body mistakenly think that there is famine in the body! So we began to decompose a lot of body fat, release blood sugar and produce a lot of ketone bodies, which led to the danger of ketoacidosis. At this time, some diabetic patients will have typical symptoms of diabetes (three more and one less).
15, blood sugar value >; 33.3 mmol/L
This is a very dangerous blood sugar range because the cells in the body are already in a hypertonic state. When the cells in the body are in this state, dehydration and nervous system abnormalities will occur, which is in danger of hyperosmotic coma. Many blood glucose meters now display a (high) on the screen. Once you find that the blood glucose meter shows this English word, first check whether the blood glucose meter is out of order. If the instrument is normal and you feel unwell, go to the hospital as soon as possible.
Significance of blood sugar monitoring in different periods;
1, monitoring fasting and postprandial blood glucose is helpful to find hypoglycemia;
Strictly speaking, fasting blood glucose refers to the blood glucose measured before breakfast the next day after fasting for 8 ~ 12 hours overnight (breakfast generally does not exceed 8 o'clock).
Significance of fasting test:
(1) can reflect the residual function of islet β cells in controlling basal blood glucose at night and rising blood glucose in the morning;
(2) It can reflect whether taking medicine the night before can effectively control blood sugar throughout the night or even the next morning, which is interfered by dawn phenomenon and Su Mujie's reaction;
(3) Fasting blood glucose is also one of the indicators for diagnosing diabetes.
2. Monitoring blood sugar 2 hours after three meals can better reflect whether eating and hypoglycemic drugs are appropriate;
3. Monitoring blood sugar before going to bed can guide meals (the blood sugar before going to bed is less than 5.6mmol/L, and meals are needed) to prevent hypoglycemia at night;
4. Monitoring blood sugar at 2-3 a.m. is helpful to find hypoglycemia at night and clarify the cause of fasting hyperglycemia.
1, no hypoglycemia event: for diabetics, hypoglycemia is when the blood sugar is lower than 3.9 mmol/L. According to the latest guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes, the blood sugar should not be lower than 4.4 mmol/L.
Many people know the harm of hyperglycemia, but they don't know that hypoglycemia is much more terrible than hyperglycemia. Because the harm of hyperglycemia may occur for 3-5 years, even 10- 15 years, and the harm of hypoglycemia is calculated in minutes and seconds. Its harm is 1 type diabetes, and at least 4% died of hypoglycemia; However, hypoglycemia can induce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neuropathy, fundus diseases, nephropathy, coma and death in type 2 diabetes. At the same time, it will also affect daily life, study and employment.
2. Average blood sugar satisfaction: It is not enough to look at the blood sugar monitored at ordinary times, but also the average level over a period of time. Many people know that glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba 1c) can reflect the average blood sugar level for 2-3 months. It is not affected by eating and exercising for several days in a row, and its relationship with diabetic complications is better than that of single blood glucose measurement.
3, blood sugar fluctuation is not big: blood sugar fluctuation is more terrible than hyperglycemia, because it has both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia hazards. Double stress will lead to blood pressure fluctuation after breakfast, aggravate oxidative stress, damage endothelial cells and promote the occurrence and development of macrovascular and microvascular complications.
I remember Professor Guo said: "The treatment without blood sugar monitoring is necessarily blind treatment. Because monitoring is not in place, it often misleads our treatment. "
1, use the blood glucose meter correctly. It has been said that most of the incorrect blood sugar data are due to operational errors, such as forgetting to adjust the code, washing your hands when the water is not dry, squeezing your fingers, etc.
2. Blood sugar should be monitored and interpreted under the guidance of a doctor;
3. The treatment plan should be adjusted according to the doctor's guidance. When the blood sugar is not up to standard for a long time, tell the doctor to adjust the treatment plan, don't use a plan for several years, and don't completely ignore the abnormal blood sugar. Of course, it is not advisable to adjust the medication plan by yourself.
4. Record the results of blood sugar monitoring, and pay attention to the events that may lead to the increase or decrease of blood sugar;
5. Take a blood sugar record book with you every time you see a doctor.