Tisch
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, around the goal and task of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the central government has made major strategic adjustments to poverty alleviation work and put forward the establishment of a precise poverty alleviation mechanism. In order to meet the new requirements of poverty alleviation, further find out the poverty population base, understand the causes of poverty, find an effective poverty alleviation path, and enhance the pertinence and scientificity of decision-making, according to the requirements of superiors, the author went deep into Xijiang Town, Guadian Township, and conducted accurate poverty alleviation special research through visits, symposiums, field trips and other ways, forming the following report:
I. Overview of Precision Poverty Alleviation in Xijiang Town
(1) Basic information
Xijiang Town is located in the north of Huichang County, adjacent to Yunshishan Town of Ruijin City in the east, Zhuangkou Town of this county in the south, Xiaomi Township of this county in the west and Wantian Township of Ruijin City in the north. Jurisdiction over 23 village (neighborhood) committees and 383 villagers' groups. Area 196.4 square kilometers, total number of households 16396, population 63998. After screening, it was found that there were still 3840 households 12963 poor people whose per capita net income was below 2736 yuan. According to the poverty attribute, the minimum living allowance population accounts for 17. 1%, the five-guarantee population accounts for 2.6%, and other poor people account for 80.3%; From the causes of poverty, poverty caused by disaster, illness and disability accounted for 45.3%, poverty caused by learning accounted for 4.2%, poverty caused by poor natural environment accounted for 4. 1%, and poverty caused by lack of industry, technology and funds accounted for 46.4%.
(2) Work measures
In the precision poverty alleviation work, the town actively explored and practiced in combination with the actual situation, starting with the establishment of a twinning assistance mechanism and the development of industrial assistance, and taking "six villages to households" as the overall requirement, making precise efforts to solidly promote the precision poverty alleviation work.
The first is to help the village to the household. Set up a help group. On the basis of dispatching 22 county-level assistance units in the town, combined with the actual situation of the town and village, 220 assistance targets, including town and village cadres, party member and rich leaders, were transferred from various units and villages (communities), and 22 poverty alleviation teams were set up, with the team leader in the village as the team leader, and the county assistance unit cadres, resident cadres, village cadres and rich people as members, with 65,438 poor people in 3,840 households in the town. A strict aid system. The "Implementation Plan for Promoting Precise Poverty Alleviation in Xijiang Town" was formulated and promulgated, requiring each responsible person to go to the village and go to the household 1 time or more every week, grasp the basic situation of poor households, identify the ways of assistance, formulate assistance plans, and achieve "no poverty alleviation and no team".
Second, industrial poverty alleviation goes from village to household. In view of the poor people caused by the lack of industry, technology and capital, relying on the existing industrial base, we will vigorously develop characteristic agricultural industries, support and encourage the development of various production and processing industries, give strong support in terms of capital, technology and land use, and drive the poor people out of poverty and become rich through industrial development. Grapes 1000 mu, navel oranges 10000 mu, watermelons and vegetables in greenhouses 1000 mu, 900 mu of flue-cured tobacco, 500 mu of lotus seeds and 2000 mu of new camellia oleifera. Slaughter more than 30,000 pigs annually, and realize an output value of more than 32 million yuan; There are more than 60 processing enterprises such as electronics, clothing, shoes and hats, and agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises 10.
Third, education helps the poor from village to household. The "intellectual support project" should be implemented for the poor people who are poor because of their studies. We will intensify our efforts to stay in school and control dropouts, improve the quality of basic education, and enable children from poor families to receive good compulsory education. Support secondary vocational schools to recruit students to poor families, continue to implement "one college student in one village", and provide more educational opportunities for poor students. Make full use of platforms such as "Rain and Dew Plan" and "Sunshine Project" to strengthen skills training for poor family laborers, help them master professional skills and enhance their ability to get rich.
Fourth, infrastructure helps the poor from village to household. In view of the weak infrastructure, we will continue to increase investment, continuously improve production and living conditions, and enhance the carrying capacity of infrastructure. Invested more than 4 million yuan, and implemented nine key poverty alleviation villages to promote infrastructure construction projects, one-thing-one-discussion financial awards and subsidies projects and small-scale farmers' water projects; Invested more than 5 million yuan, implemented the dangerous reservoir reinforcement project, and started the geological disaster control project of Gaopi and Nanxingxian in Niushui Village; Invested more than 3 million yuan to implement road traffic projects such as the reconstruction of the porcupine bridge in Hongxing Village and the dangerous bridge in Hongxing Bridge.
The fifth is to ensure poverty alleviation from village to household. For the poor people who meet the requirements of rural subsistence allowances, medical assistance, temporary assistance, housing assistance, education aid, etc., relevant policies will be implemented in a timely manner, and corresponding subsidies and help will be given. For those who meet the needs of the renovation of adobe houses in rural dilapidated buildings, priority should be given to the renovation of adobe houses, and "one-on-one, full coverage" assistance should be done to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of assistance. For poor households who still live in dilapidated adobe houses and have no economic ability to rebuild, we must try our best to raise reconstruction funds, strive to achieve all the transformation, and effectively improve the living conditions of the poor people.
Sixth, immigrants help the poor from village to village. In view of the poor population caused by poor natural conditions, resettlement is adopted to help the poor. Due to the large population, wide area and dispersion in mountainous areas, the construction cost of infrastructure such as water circuits is high, and it is difficult to guarantee basic needs such as medical treatment, school and employment. To get rid of poverty, we can only implement the whole village relocation project. We have formulated a scientific migration plan and made steady and orderly progress. At the same time, guide poor households to find jobs and start businesses in the places where they move in, so that the relocated people can survive and develop, and gradually get rid of poverty and become rich.
(3) Existing problems
In the work of precision poverty alleviation, three problems stand out:
First, it is not difficult to identify. In addition to the absolute poor population, the low-income households and the five-guarantee households are easy to identify, while the relative poor population is difficult to accurately identify because of the income of villagers and the large number of poor people, and it is difficult to accurately identify the support objects.
Second, the investment is obviously insufficient. In terms of infrastructure construction, although it has been greatly improved, it still cannot meet the current and future development needs, such as the large debt of transportation infrastructure construction; Water conservancy facilities are aging and disrepair, drought and drainage conditions are insufficient, and the ability to resist natural disasters is very weak. The channels for raising poverty alleviation funds are narrow, relying only on the project funds of the poverty alleviation office and the limited support funds of county-level help units, which is only a drop in the bucket compared with the demand for poverty alleviation investment.
Third, it is more difficult to get rid of poverty. Self-development ability is weak, poor people generally have low education level, outdated ideas, weak learning consciousness, and lack the ability to get rich and development opportunities. During the visit to farmers, it is found that a considerable number of poor households are disabled or have no labor force, so it is difficult to get rid of poverty. The phenomenon of returning to poverty is prominent. Every year, some people who have been out of poverty return to poverty because of sudden diseases, disasters, schooling and other reasons. And those who return to poverty will easily become blind spots in poverty alleviation work.
Second, some thoughts on promoting accurate poverty alleviation work
Well-off is not well-off, the key depends on fellow villagers. Accurate poverty alleviation is of great significance to the overall situation. To do this work well, we must proceed from a long-term perspective, proceed from reality, advance in an overall coordinated manner, and ensure that the precise poverty alleviation work achieves practical results in accordance with the working idea of "133".
(1) Establish a "concept". Poverty alleviation is arduous and arduous, which requires painstaking efforts and extraordinary patience and perseverance. In the past, a small number of cadres often "only shouted at the village", "only turned around without grasping" and "only talked about not implementing". In the final analysis, they all lacked the ideological consciousness of "really helping the poor"; Some poor households are not enterprising, lazy, proud of "eating subsistence allowances and relying on relief" and lack the ambition of "really getting rich". To implement accurate poverty alleviation and effectively reduce poverty and get rid of poverty, we must firmly establish the concept of helping the poor. On the one hand, we should start with ideological education and assessment orientation, so that cadres at all levels can really help the poor with their hearts; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the positive publicity and education for poor households, implement the "Fuzhi Project", guide poor households to establish the concept of "advocating getting rich and getting rid of poverty", so that poor households really want to get rid of poverty and get rich, and fully stimulate their "driving force". At the same time, vigorously guide social forces to truly participate in poverty alleviation and really help out of poverty, and form a good atmosphere of "helping the poor to be good" and "helping the poor to be glorious" in the whole society.
(2) Highlight the "three precisions". The first is to accurately identify and solve the problem of "who to help". In accordance with the unified and standardized identification standards and operational procedures, we will strictly control the application of the masses, household surveys, democratic appraisal, public supervision and confirmation, and audit, so as to accurately identify the real poor population. At the same time, a scientific monitoring and evaluation system should be established. In accordance with the requirements of dynamic management of poor households, we should withdraw from stable poverty alleviation in a timely manner, incorporate support for returning to poverty in a timely manner, introduce a third-party identification mechanism, and verify the bank deposits, children's schooling, medical treatment, electricity consumption, etc. of poor households one by one by means of positive spot checks and side analysis to ensure the accuracy of poverty identification. The second is to make precise policies to solve the problem of "how to help". Take the way of "ordering food" by the masses and "cooking" by the government to achieve "three ones", that is, establish poverty alleviation accounts, formulate poverty alleviation plans, and customize a set of assistance measures for poor households. Adhere to the "two-drive" development of poverty alleviation, increase investment in poverty alleviation funds, weave a social security "net" for poor people who have lost their ability to work, such as low-income households and five-income households, and implement the government's "bottom-up" relief for poverty alleviation; For the poor people who have the ability and willingness to work, according to different causes of poverty, we should focus on government, market and social resources according to local conditions and household policies, and mainly adopt employment poverty alleviation, education poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation, immigration poverty alleviation, infrastructure poverty alleviation and other modes to give personalized and accurate assistance. The third is accurate assistance to solve the problem of "who will help". The establishment of county leaders to the township, county departments to the township, poor households in party member to help the household responsibility system, to achieve full coverage of help, not out of poverty. At the same time, encourage enterprises, social organizations and caring people to participate in poverty alleviation, and guide rural rich leaders to help poor households get rid of poverty and become rich by "mentoring", thus forming positive energy of "helping the poor and helping the poor" in the whole society.
(3) Establish "three mechanisms". The first is to establish a scientific assessment and incentive mechanism. The assessment mechanism is the "direction mark" to promote the work. It is suggested to formulate more operational, personalized and specific assessment methods in combination with the poverty level of counties (cities, districts), especially in the assessment of poverty-stricken counties designated by the state, reducing the assessment weight of GDP indicators and fiscal revenue growth, increasing the assessment weight of poverty alleviation, and truly forming a poverty-oriented assessment and evaluation mechanism. At the same time, in view of the current phenomenon that poor counties are unwilling and afraid to "take off their hats", it is suggested to establish an incentive mechanism for "taking off their hats" and introduce relevant preferential policies. For those who "take off their hats" in advance, the original support policies will remain unchanged and the investment will not be reduced, and appropriate rewards will be given to make poor counties dare to "take off their hats" and "take off their hats". The second is to establish a coordination mechanism for the integration of agricultural funds. At present, the phenomenon of multi-head distribution, piecemeal, average effort and "scattered flowers" of agricultural funds still exists. Although some attempts and explorations have been made in integrating and coordinating agricultural funds in various places, due to institutional obstacles, the results are very limited, and it is urgent to solve them from a higher level, a deeper level and a wider scope. Therefore, it is suggested that our city make scientific planning and overall integration of the city's agriculture-related funds, promote the integration and overall planning of agriculture-related funds, concentrate financial resources on major events, increase the total amount of poverty alleviation funds, and improve the efficiency of fund use. The third is to establish a guiding mechanism for financial poverty alleviation. At present, limited by the nature of the industry, it has become an unwritten practice for financial institutions to "care for the poor and love the rich". Even if you can give loans to poor households, it is still a drop in the bucket. Many poor households cannot get rid of poverty and become rich for a long time because of lack of funds. Therefore, it is suggested that the municipal party committee and municipal government introduce incentive measures to guide financial resources to lean towards poor areas and increase credit support for poor households on the premise of effectively preventing financial risks.
extreme
The first is to raise awareness and enhance the responsibility of precision poverty alleviation.
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020", but by the end of 20 14, there were still 727 poor families in my hometown, with 2 1 17 poor people, and the incidence of poverty was 18.34%, including moderate poor people1. There are 483 moderately poor people, accounting for 22.8% of the total poor population; The severely poor population is 4 14, accounting for 19.6% of the total poor population. There are 40 cancer patients, 32 mental patients and 323 people with mental retardation and physical disability in the township. Nanling, as a coal-producing town, was once the main occupation of villagers. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently 238 people suffering from silicosis, and the number of people returning to poverty due to illness reached 668 in 20 14. The number of families and people who may return to poverty due to illness will increase in the next few years. If we can't get rid of poverty in an all-round way, we can't achieve the goal of being well-off in sync with the whole country. Poverty alleviation has a long way to go, and it is urgent to do a good job of accurate poverty alleviation. To this end, our township has set up a leading group for poverty alleviation headed by the secretary of the Party Committee, set up a poverty alleviation office, identified two full-time cadres to do precise poverty alleviation work, defined specific assistance measures for 727 poor families in accordance with the precise poverty alleviation method of "making policies according to households", and held a promotion meeting for precise poverty alleviation work in the township, which further enhanced the sense of responsibility and urgency of doing a good job in precise poverty alleviation work in the township.
Second, find out the base and lay a solid foundation for accurate poverty alleviation
On the basis of establishing the card last year, we conducted a comprehensive and detailed investigation on the 20 15 precise poverty alleviation targets. * * We have found out that 9 people have been lifted out of poverty by the end of 20 14 and can take off their hats. We have identified 9 poor people as the objects to be added to the help roster, and publicized the objects to be removed and added, so as to be open, fair and just. Established a standardized file, so that households have cards, villages have books, villages have files, and advance and retreat. According to the task assigned by the county poverty alleviation office, the list of 300 poor people who will be lifted out of poverty in 20 15 years has determined the responsible person, measures and specific objectives of assistance through village screening and township checks.
Third, vigorously promote and speed up poverty alleviation.
The first is to develop the economy of "one acre and three points". Give full play to the ecological advantages of lotus, and actively develop agriculture to drive poverty alleviation with the help of relatively convenient transportation in Nanling. Support the ten existing planting and breeding bases of blueberries, grapes, pitaya, camellia oleifera, rape, mushrooms, goats, wild boar, cattle and bees, set up professional cooperatives, and encourage poor households to join the cooperatives in the form of land shares to develop production. For example, the Camellia oleifera planting cooperative in Lingshui will drive six poor families out of poverty. Serve the newly settled leisure eco-tourism projects such as Taichang Agriculture in Jiangxi, Crop Experience Park of Pingxiang Jintai Agricultural Company, Baiguoyuan, Middle-aged and Elderly Health Park, and strive to turn Nanling into a modern agricultural demonstration park. Take advantage of Alibaba's great opportunity to enter the countryside to develop "internet plus" e-commerce and eco-tourism projects, so as to let local agricultural products and cultural products go out and let people and information flow in from outside.
The second is to help "a generation" receive education. Pay attention to the growth of the next generation of poor households. For example, the offspring of Liu in Zhentou Village who was poor due to mental retardation had normal intelligence, and Yang in Tangbian Village grew up with his grandparents because he lost his parents. He has been admitted to the university this year. For the children of such poor families, the government will help them with poverty alleviation student loans, sunshine and rain programs, rural student funds, social donations and other methods to ensure that their children can afford to go to school. 20 15, 54 poor people enjoyed the rain and dew plan, and 3 people participated in agricultural machinery skills training.
The third is to help "a group of people" find jobs and start businesses. Give priority to the employment of poor people, and 14 of the 58 cleaning staff in the township are poor people; Coal ball factory 12 people, vamp factory and umbrella factory 193 people. Yan Xi Village helped 14 poor families to join the Coal Loading Association, replacing manual labor with machinery, and each household can earn 6,000 yuan a year. 50 poor families in the township started their own businesses. Zhu Banmao, a released prisoner in Lingshui Village, started his own business and raised 150 boxes of bees. Due to illness, households in Changbu Village have been poor for weeks, raising more than 50 pigs and more than 300 ducks, which can help them get rid of poverty this year.
The fourth is to make good use of "several policies". Overall arrangement of funds for resettlement and reconstruction of dangerous houses. In 20 15 years, 2 1 poor families will be able to improve their housing conditions. Do a good job in the connection between poverty alleviation and development and low-income assistance, and achieve "full coverage" of 4 14 severely poor people. The activity of "helping the poor and enriching the people" can help 50 poor families develop production.
The fifth is to build "a number of facilities". Strive for projects such as roads, water, electricity, communication, network, education and health, and complete the construction of roads in Yan Xi Village, 10,000-ton drinking water project in Sigui Village, inpatient building of township hospitals, post and telecommunications offices, demonstration kindergartens and teaching points in Qian Fang as soon as possible, so as to improve the production and living conditions of 727 poor families.