1 Main source of bidding risk for power engineering
The bidding market of 1. 1 lacks standardization.
As we all know, the bidding activities of electric power projects should follow the principles of fairness, openness, justice, honesty and credibility, and it is a competitive behavior that conforms to the laws of market economy [1]. From a certain point of view, this kind of competitive behavior is more conducive to the healthy and orderly development of the industry. However, as far as the current operation of China's power engineering bidding market is concerned, due to the long-term monopoly of power enterprises, their legal awareness is weak, which not only violates the principles of fairness, justice and openness in the power engineering bidding market, but also disrupts the competitive order in the bidding market and is not conducive to the smooth implementation of power engineering bidding.
1.2 lack of market research
Power engineering has the characteristics of large resource occupation, lagging market return and long project cycle. Therefore, before the implementation of power engineering, market research must be carried out in the early stage of the project, which is also a very important link in the bidding work of power engineering. Only by understanding the changes in the market can we ensure the reliability, effectiveness and timeliness of power engineering bidding [2]. However, from the current situation of market research, the overall research work is not done well, the market research is not comprehensive, and even the importance of market research to the bidding of electric power projects is ignored, which leads to inaccurate project approval and waste of resources and losses. Through a large number of practical investigations, it is found that in the process of power engineering project implementation, due to insufficient market research, the layout of power structure is unreasonable, which is not conducive to the smooth progress of power engineering.
2 Analysis of the characteristics of bidding risk management of electric power engineering
Through the above analysis, we know that there are certain risks in the bidding process of power engineering, and there are many factors that cause these risks. How to effectively avoid these risk factors is a key issue in the development of power enterprises [3]. Due to many bidding links and complicated procedures, power engineering bidding faces many risks. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the bidding work, we should actively manage the bidding risk of power projects and further effectively control the bidding risk. The risk management of electric power project bidding mainly has the following characteristics.
1) The whole process is characterized by long cycle and long business activities. In any commercial activities, it may lead to the risk of power project bidding, which will also have a great impact on power project bidding. Therefore, the quality of bidding and purchasing should be standardized from the control of bidding preparation, bidding and bid opening, and the demand plan application, demand plan review and approval plan of bidding and purchasing projects should be fulfilled in strict accordance with bidding laws and regulations. Do a good job in risk prevention, discovery, disclosure and resolution, and effectively solve the impact of risk factors on the project.
2) As we all know, the risks of power project bidding are mostly caused by human factors, which will cause certain risks to the power project bidding work and seriously affect the power project bidding work. In addition, employees are the protagonists of risk control and management of power engineering bidding. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the engineering risk problems caused by employees and cultivate the risk management concept of all employees. As a risk manager, we should give full play to its role in managing and avoiding risks, formulate relevant business instructions according to relevant laws and regulations on bidding and purchasing, set up special bidding supervision institutions, uniformly manage project bidding and purchasing, and standardize project bidding and purchasing. We can also strengthen the management and supervision of project bidding through regular spot checks and cross-checks, so as to realize the standardization, standardization and institutionalization of project bidding and procurement activities.
3) The dynamic nature of risk management. Through the investigation of the risk problems in the previous power project bidding, it is found that the risks encountered in the power project bidding are changeable and dynamic. Therefore, in the process of risk management of power project bidding, we must ensure the dynamic nature of risk management, improve and perfect it according to external changes, ensure the effectiveness and rationality of the implementation of power project bidding, and effectively avoid the impact of risks on the project.
3 power engineering bidding risk analysis and management
3. 1 contract risk analysis and management
Contract is the main basis for the implementation of power project bidding, and the drafting of contract can also be said to be the basis of legal documents, and it is also an important basis for the risk management of the whole power project. Therefore, in the process of risk management of power engineering bidding, managers need to have a strong sense of risk, especially in the process of drafting contract documents, and each contract clause needs to be carefully considered from the perspective of risk management to avoid the occurrence of contract risks bringing huge losses to the project [4]. The risk management of the contract is mainly carried out from the following aspects.
Strict language must be used when drafting the contract. From a certain point of view, contract is the basis of claim, and whether the contract is perfect or not directly affects the efficiency of claim. Therefore, through a perfect contract, disputes, omissions and ambiguities in the contract can be effectively prevented and reduced. Therefore, when drafting a contract, we should use strict language to express the contract. The project management department drafts the standard contract text and revises it regularly, which will be released for use after being audited by the legal department. According to the actual situation of project implementation, the unfinished matters in the contract are revised and supplemented to effectively ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of contract drafting.
2) Choose the pricing form of the contract reasonably. When choosing the pricing form of bidding contract for power engineering, we should choose different pricing forms and pricing types according to the characteristics, contents and actual situation of the project, which can effectively reduce the contract risk and improve the effectiveness of contract implementation. For example, the fixed total price contracting method is mainly used for power engineering projects with small changes in engineering quantity, good construction conditions, mature construction technology and low risk, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
3) Reasonable allocation of risks. In the past bidding process of power projects, there were often some risk factors, especially in the process of contract drafting, unreasonable clauses in contract drafting often caused some disputes, which was not conducive to the smooth progress of power projects [5]. Therefore, the author believes that in the process of risk analysis and management of power engineering bidding contracts, risks should be allocated reasonably. Any kind of risk in power engineering contract should be borne by the party who is most capable or suitable to bear the risk loss, so as to realize the reasonable transfer of risk, effectively avoid the influence of risk on power engineering bidding and ensure the effective implementation of power engineering.
3.2 Construction Technology Risk Analysis and Management
In the bidding process of electric power engineering, the risk of construction technology is also involved, and whether the selection of construction technology is reasonable will directly affect the later construction quality of electric power engineering, which is a problem that must be paid attention to in the risk analysis and management of electric power engineering bidding [6]. In the past, the selection of power engineering construction technology lacked the consideration of the whole project. Moreover, the selected construction technology is too traditional and lacks innovation, which increases the risk of claim and engineering change of power engineering and is not conducive to the smooth progress of power engineering. In addition, at this stage, because the owner attaches great importance to the cost control of power engineering, the analysis and demonstration of construction scheme will be more strict to meet the requirements of construction quality. Therefore, in the risk management of electric power project bidding, we should pay attention to the risk management of construction technology, mainly analyze the specific situation of construction, understand the owner's demand for project quality, and constantly improve and perfect the construction technology to ensure that the application of construction technology is more suitable for the smooth progress of the project, effectively avoid the problem that the project quality is not up to standard due to unreasonable construction technology, minimize the risk of construction technology and ensure the smooth progress of electric power project construction. At the same time, a large number of practices have proved that through the reasonable application of construction technology, the construction quality of power engineering can be guaranteed and the smooth implementation of power engineering projects can be ensured.
3.3 Design Technical Risk Analysis and Management
Power engineering must be designed before bidding, and the corresponding design scheme must be put forward. Design technology is the key to the risk analysis and management of power engineering bidding, and the quality, content and depth of design directly affect the smooth implementation of the project. Therefore, design technology is the innate condition of bidding, and the risk analysis and management of design technology should be paid attention to in the bidding process of power engineering. In the process of designing power engineering construction scheme, we should make clear all kinds of factors in power engineering bidding, and then comprehensively analyze the possible risks of power engineering according to all kinds of factors. In the design process, reasonable design can avoid these risk factors, ensure the smooth implementation of power engineering, effectively avoid the occurrence of design technical risks, and at the same time, it also plays a great role in ensuring the quality of power engineering.
4 conclusion
With the rapid development of science and technology, the development of electric power industry is also extremely rapid. In the process of power project bidding, it is necessary to fully analyze the risk factors existing in bidding and carry out risk management in order to effectively improve the implementation efficiency of power projects.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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