In-depth research by scientists shows that Ginkgo biloba is an important medicinal resource. According to preliminary analysis, at least 140 components can be separated from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Among them, the effective medicinal components mainly include:
(1) Ginkgo flavone
Include four ginkgetins, rutin, kaempferol -3- rhamnoside, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, etc. Mature leaves generally contain biflavonoids 1.9%, and the content of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves can exceed 2.0%, but the actual effective components in drugs used in clinic are only about 1%.
(2) Ginkgolide
This is a unique ingredient of ginkgo biloba. Comprise ginkgolides a, b, c, j, m and bilobalide. In Ginkgo biloba leaves, the highest total lactone content is about 0.3%, and under special conditions, the lactone content can exceed 0.5%, but the lowest is only 0.0003%, that is, there is almost no trace. Not only are there great differences between varieties and plants, but also the contents of the same plant in different periods are also very different. Generally, the content of this variety is the highest before and after seed maturity.
(3) Long-term drinking
Researchers from the Institute of Forestry and Chemical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Forestry have isolated more than seven long-chain alcohols from Ginkgo biloba leaves. The structure of long alcohols in Ginkgo biloba leaves is similar to that of animals, but the group on the last carbon bond is different. After modification, it can be used to replace long-chain alcohols in animals. Every 100 kg of ginkgo biloba leaves, 56.8 grams of long alcohol can be extracted, which is almost 100 times of the content in pig liver, so it has great development prospects.
(4) polysaccharide
Ginkgo biloba leaves, especially the seed coat of Ginkgo biloba leaves, contain a variety of polysaccharides.
Ginkgo biloba flavone has obvious vasodilating effect. Ginkgolide is an antagonist of platelet activating factor receptor, which has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia and is also an important first-aid drug for many fatal diseases being developed at present. Longtol is an effective promoter of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Drugs made from Ginkgo biloba extract can not only effectively prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases called "the first enemy" by human beings, but also provide important drugs for human organ transplantation, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, eradication of various aplastic anemia and prevention and treatment of cancer. Because of the emergence of these drugs, a series of diseases have been treated with breakthroughs.
As early as 1966, there were professionals in Germany who were engaged in the research on the composition of Ginkgo biloba leaves. In the early 1970s, these drugs appeared in the markets of Germany and France. Clinical trials have proved that drugs made from Ginkgo biloba extract have almost no toxic and side effects in treating diseases. Therefore, since the research began in the 1960s and the drugs entered the market in the 1970s, more and more countries have paid attention to them. France, South Korea, Japan, the Netherlands and the United States are competing to develop. Especially in South Korea, the annual output value of Ginkgo biloba extract exceeds 2 billion US dollars, of which 92% is exported. Germany imports100000 USD of Ginkgo biloba extract from Korea every year. South Korea uses 3,000-4,000 tons of Ginkgo biloba every year. Ginkgo biloba extract has become their second largest export commodity after ginseng. The annual output value of Ginkgo biloba leaf products of a German pharmaceutical company is as high as 500 million US dollars, ranking fifth among all pharmaceutical sales in China. The total output value of drugs produced by Ginkgo biloba extract in the world has exceeded $4 billion. The price of Ginkgo biloba leaves has also risen from $0/000 per ton/kloc to more than $2,000.
In China, Ginkgo biloba leaves were used in the late 1960s and early 1970s, resulting in "69 1 1" (also known as "Shuxuening 69 1 1") and other drugs, but it never really formed an industry. For a long time, it is only the origin of Ginkgo biloba leaves, mainly providing Ginkgo biloba leaves to Germany. In recent years, with the promotion of Professor Chen Zhongliang and others from Shanghai Institute of Pharmacology, China Academy of Sciences, the production scale has gradually taken shape. It is estimated that a new industry with a total output value exceeding 654.38+0 billion yuan will be formed in the next three to five years.