What are the common pressures of professional technicians?

Stress and mental health of professional and technical personnel I. Overview of stress I. What is work stress What we usually call work stress usually refers to the source of stress. In the research process of job stress, researchers have not reached an agreement on the definition of job stress. It is generally believed that the stress problem in the work background is the work stress problem. Some negative stress reactions caused by work stress are essentially anxiety reactions caused by the interaction between environmental requirements and personality characteristics. II) Theories and explanations related to working pressure 1 The basic framework of OSI working pressure measurement This system is based on the working pressure interaction model, and regards the pressure result as the result of the interaction between the pressure source and a series of regulating variables. The moderating variables include personality characteristics, locus of control and coping strategies. 2. Robbins' stress model Robbins believes that stress is a dynamic situation. When an individual is faced with opportunities, limitations and requirements associated with the desired goal, and the corresponding results are important to the individual, but they are uncertain, pressure is generated at this time. He believes that the stressor consists of three potential factors: environment, organization and individual. Whether stressors can produce stress depends on individual differences; The five intermediate variables that individual differences affect stress are personal cognition, work experience, social support, locus of control and hostility. Stress results include physiological, psychological and behavioral characteristics. 3. In Neustrom's work stress model, stressors can be divided into two categories: work factors and non-work environment, and it is pointed out that work stressors can cause two kinds of stress scenarios: positive stress and negative stress, and the stress results include both positive effects at the organizational level and negative effects at the individual level. 4. The relationship between job stress and job performance is inverted U-shaped; That is, when the sense of stress is lower than the medium level, it will help to stimulate the body and enhance the body's response ability, and the individual's work will be better and faster; But when putting too much pressure on individuals and putting forward too many requirements and restrictions, personal performance will be reduced. Second, the pressure sources of professional and technical personnel 1) personal factors 1, career development. It mainly includes concerns about unemployment, promotion, transfer and personal development. 2. Family and economic problems. Personality characteristics. An important factor affecting work stress is personal personality tendency. Many times, pressure comes from the heart, and personal thoughts often affect the degree of stress. 2) Organizational factors 1, tasks and role requirements Task requirements refer to some factors related to the work that individuals are engaged in. As far as the nature of work is concerned, the heavy workload, the pressure of time and deadline and the bad working environment are often the main sources of stress. Role requirement refers to the pressure brought to individuals by their specific roles in the organization. Role conflict will bring personal expectations that are difficult to coordinate and realize. When an individual is asked to do a lot of things and there is not enough time, there will be a sense of role overload; If the role expectation is not clear, it will produce a sense of role ambiguity; When you have multiple roles and different roles conflict, you will have anxiety. 2. Interpersonal factors The influence of complex interpersonal relationships in the workplace on the psychology of professional and technical personnel cannot be ignored. For example, individuals who lack social support from colleagues or have tense relations with superiors will feel stressed. Of course, stress is also related to personal personality characteristics. 3. Organizational structure and culture If there are too many organizational rules and regulations, employees lack the opportunity to participate in decision-making, or the internal communication chain of the enterprise is too long and lacks open communication, employees will be affected at work. In addition, the management style of middle and senior managers in an organization will also have an impact on employees. Finally, the life cycle of an organization, especially the start-up period and the recession period, will also bring different degrees of pressure to employees. External environmental factors 1, economic and political uncertainty 2, technical uncertainty. Problems such as technical uncertainty brought about by enterprise reform will also become stressors. Especially for some enterprises in transition, environmental changes have a profound impact on employees' concepts and mentality. 3. National conditions and cultural differences. Differences in national conditions and cultures will also bring about differences in stressors. Third, professional and technical personnel's stress response and management 1) personal level 1, timely self-reflection Individuals can appropriately reduce their stress response by analyzing themselves and their stressors. Including understanding their own personality characteristics, living habits and working conditions, listening to their own pressure signals, examining the price they pay in the face of pressure, and paying attention to finding out the source of pressure. 2, effective management of time individuals can adjust their work and time, so that they can recover from the state of excessive tension to the state of optimism and relaxation. Common time management principles at work include: first, list things to do every day; Secondly, put the things to be done in order of importance; Thirdly, scheduling according to the sorting situation; Finally, finish the most important work in your most effective time. 3. Individuals who actively seek support, in the face of greater pressure, can seek external support to alleviate the pressure. Social support network is an important way to cope with stress, which enables individuals to get communication, advice and encouragement, experience emotional connection, and provide * * * voice and support. 4, improve self "immunity" First of all, adjust the mentality and change the bad cognitive style. Individuals should pay attention to the cultivation of their own good mentality and correct life values. A person's mentality and way of thinking largely determine his attitude and views on something. Secondly, cultivate reasonable diet, exercise regulation and other living habits. In addition, relaxing breathing training and mastering relaxation skills are also the key. 2) Organization level 1. Reasonable arrangement of work According to the importance and difficulty of specific work, reasonable arrangement of tasks can alleviate excessive pressure. According to Priimak's law, the overall efficiency is higher if you do the work you don't like first, and then do the work you like. In addition, the rational allocation of human resources is also very important. Enterprises should ensure that employees have the ability to adapt to job requirements and reasonably match the characteristics of human resources, occupational types and pressure environment of employees. 2. job redesign's redesign work can bring more responsibilities, more meaningful work, greater autonomy and stronger feedback to employees, which will help reduce their sense of stress. There are three options for job redesign: job rotation, job expansion and job enrichment. 3. Improve employee participation. 4. Strengthen organizational communication and reduce role conflicts. Strengthening organizational communication with employees will help reduce role ambiguity and role conflict, thus reducing uncertainty; Creating a good organizational atmosphere helps to promote employees' sense of belonging and integrity. Improving interpersonal skills is also an effective method. 5. Strengthening the management of career planning includes four parts: self-evaluation, experimental examination, goal setting and action planning. 6, the implementation of physical and mental health plan