Methodological terms of each specification

Terminology format-Explanatory essay, under the background of the new curriculum standard of weakening stylistic awareness, has a clear stylistic awareness and skillfully uses the corresponding terminology format, which is still the magic weapon for answering the explanatory essay reading questions in the senior high school entrance examination. 1. Finding and accurately expressing the things or things explained in the explanatory text of the explanatory object is the explanatory object. There are many concrete things, such as Xuzhou Han Dynasty Stone Relief (07 Xuzhou), and few abstract things, such as master planning methods. Many of their nominal titles themselves indicate the object of interpretation. Just point out this thing or thing directly when you answer the question. But in a more rational discussion, we can't simply take the title or a certain component in the title as the object of explanation, otherwise it will affect the understanding of the content of the article. Narrative articles with verb phrases or sentences (such as "Your location is determined by your mobile phone" in Shenyang in 2007) or interrogative phrases or sentences (such as "The Moon-the wife, sister or daughter of the earth" in Xuzhou in 2003) often describe the development/evolution/operation process of ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× Where does the food come from? The object is "the source of food" (not the title or "food"). 2. Judge and accurately express the characteristics, center or content of the explained object; Recognizing the characteristics of the object of interpretation, especially the center or content of reading interpretation, is the focus of reading and examining the interpretation text. Knowing the object and distinguishing the characteristics is to master the center or content of the discussion. Where the characteristics are in the title, the full text or the central sentence of the relevant paragraph, they can be directly recorded, such as the "majestic" of the Great Hall of the People; The stone arch bridge in China has a long history, which is not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure. Where it is necessary to screen, extract, summarize and integrate, try to extract the original words and sentences, avoid omissions and prioritize. For example, in 2005, Xuzhou Firefly's Summary of the Related Characteristics of Fireflies required comprehensive screening, giving comprehensive answers such as "glowing", "being the natural enemy of snail" and "attracting the opposite sex with flash". For another example, the "death" of the Dead Sea, that is, its life span is not long and it may dry up, is a superficial feature, and "immortality", that is, its high salinity, is an essential feature. You can combine the two when you answer, but you can't ignore the appearance and lose the essence. As for the examination of the center or content, some of them focus on the whole article (such as Drinking Water and Health, What's wrong with this paper? ), some are based on parts (such as "Firefly", "summarize the central meaning of the text in paragraph 5 in one sentence"), and some are grinding details (such as "Firefly", "The firefly larvae in paragraph 3 have a magical magic weapon". )。 The types of questions are different, some require short answers, and some fill in the blanks with limited words. When answering, the excerpts are the same or direct, choose the excerpts, or summarize and integrate. 3. The role of formal expression and interpretation methods in expressing the content of the article. For example, explain the characteristics of xx things/things concretely and truly; Clear classification; The metaphor is vivid and interesting; The figures listed are accurate and more convincing; Comparison is clearly emphasized; Definition is to summarize/reveal completely/accurately/strictly in essence in concise and scientific language; Interpretation is popular, concrete and easy to understand; The column chart is concise and intuitive, and it is clear at a glance; Imitation is concrete and vivid; If there is a specific example in the quotation, the effect is the same as that of the example; Cite specific data, and the function of the same column number; Quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs is more convincing; Quote myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. , enhance interest; The quotation information is more accurate; The introduction object is quoted at the beginning of the article. Among them, defining objects is a common problem in this interpretation method. The format of the definition is: ×× (object) is × (generic concept-the upper level concept of object), in which the generic concepts of subject and object can be reversed, otherwise it can only be explained in this way. For example, food is a substance that can form a body and supply energy. Interpretation and its common answer formats for functional analysis: ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× For example, the data listed in Chongqing Three Gorges Museum in 2007 accurately illustrate the construction scale of the Three Gorges Museum; ; For example, concrete examples are used to illustrate that there are a large number of natural Three Gorges stones in the exhibition hall. 4. The typical test questions in the three major orders of explanation order and answer explanation are: What explanation order was used? What's the role? When answering questions, try to use a combination of small sizes, such as "XX explains XX (concrete things/things-small) more systematically and easily in chronological order (small)/spatial order/logical order (large)". For example, Chongqing Three Gorges Museum introduced the spatial order of the Three Gorges Museum from the outside to the inside. Logical order can be subdivided into the following categories: primary and secondary, causality, characteristics and uses, individual to general, generalization to concrete, phenomenon to essence, totality/wholeness to division/part, etc. The order of interpretation also involves sentence interchange, structure and the role of sentences in structure. The answer format of the question whether it can be interchanged is generally: no, the original text adopts the order of ×× or has a reference relationship, which is illogical after interchange. 5. The accuracy of language test questions is a prerequisite for explaining the language, which is mostly reflected in modifiers or restrictions, such as "most" indicating degree, "approximate" indicating estimation and speculation, "more" indicating quantity, and "now" indicating time. The language of scientific papers also has vivid characteristics (description, personification, etc. ) Question 1: What are the advantages of the word ××? A: The use of the word ×× accurately/vividly explains ××, which is in line with the actual situation/scientific/can stimulate readers' interest. Second, can the word "××" be deleted/changed? Answer: ① Statement: Generally, it is not allowed; ② Positive understanding of original intention and interests: such as limiting/emphasizing in degree/state/nature/scope, and accurately/vividly explaining ××; (3) The negative side indicates that it is not good after removal: the deletion/change meaning becomes ××, which is inconsistent with the actual/original intention/inaccurate/imprecise/unscientific/too absolute; Conclusion: The word ×× reflects the accuracy/scientificity/vividness of language. For example, what are the outstanding features of language in Firefly? Try to analyze with examples. "A: Introduce fireflies in vivid language. For example, the detailed description of fireflies "eating snails" shows that they are natural enemies of snail pests; Imagine and describe the "attraction" between men and women. Can the word' Zui' added in the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph of Xuzhou Han Dynasty Stone Relief be deleted? Why? " A: No, "drunk" is a restrictive word to express the degree, which highlights the universality of the theme of stone relief in the Han Dynasty, the most extensive of which is "traveling by car is the most common theme in stone relief in the Han Dynasty". After deletion, it does not reflect the low degree of universality, which is inconsistent with reality. Adding "most" reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language). As for the other test sites of expository writing and the open test questions advocated by the new curriculum standard, we can also solve them smoothly with relatively fixed terms and formats.