Choosing safe sleeping pills for insomnia patients is beneficial to their health and treatment of insomnia. Non-addictive hypnotics and high-safety sleeping pills can successfully treat insomnia, which is beneficial to human health and avoids the serious harm of insomnia. Taking zopiclone as needed is also beneficial to their health and treatment of insomnia. The state supports pharmacies to rationally sell high-safety sleeping pills such as zopiclone for public health. The state also encourages pharmacies to sell sleeping pills with less side effects to benefit people's health and the interests of pharmacies. Many hypnotics are not psychotropic drugs.
All drugs that can quickly induce sleep, prolong the total sleep time and deep sleep process are helpful to treat insomnia.
At present, the commonly used drugs for insomnia are sedative hypnotics (including barbiturates, benzodiazepines and atypical benzodiazepines), antidepressants, antihistamines (rarely used for hypnosis at present) and traditional Chinese medicine. So far, sedatives and hypnotics have experienced three generations of development:
First, the first generation of sedative and hypnotic drugs include barbiturates, chloral hydrate, tribromide mixture and hydroxyzine (Antaile);
Barbiturates were synthesized as early as 1864, but it was not until 1903 that barbituric acid derivatives were found to have sedative effects and their pharmacological effects were recognized. Their therapeutic index is low, they need a moderate dose to improve their sleep, and there is a great interaction between drugs, and a large dose can affect their breathing.
Among them, hydroxyzine is more suitable for patients with autonomic nervous dysfunction; Chloral hydrate is widely used in drug clinical trials and rapid hypnosis, but some special experiments are not carried out because of the small interaction between drugs. Phenobarbital can replace and reduce hypnotics such as benzodiazepines, and can also be used for sleeping sickness, sleep shock and nightmare in children, or antagonize the central excitatory adverse reactions of drugs such as ephedrine, amphetamine and aminophylline.
Second, the second generation of sedative and hypnotic drugs mainly refer to benzodiazepines.
These drugs are the most commonly used sedative, hypnotic and anti-anxiety drugs in clinic. Diazepam was once the most commonly used drug in clinic. In this kind of drugs, the earliest synthesis is kolazol (Li Mianning). Later, the psychoactivities of these drugs were found in the animal laboratory of Pharmacology Department of Laroche Pharmaceutical Factory in Switzerland. Soon after, the second drug diazepam came out.
Among these drugs, methamidophos, methamidophos vinegar, azone, diazepam and sulpiride were developed in the early stage; Later, triazolam, midazolam, fludiazepam, nitrazepam, estazolam, alprazolam, lorazepam and so on were developed. These sleeping pills are characterized by high therapeutic index, low toxicity to internal organs and safe use. It is still a commonly used drug to treat insomnia.
Benzodiazepines can quickly induce patients to fall asleep, reduce the number of nighttime awakenings, prolong sleep time and improve sleep quality, but they also change the usual sleep mode, making shallow sleep longer, rapid eye movement sleep shorter, the first rapid eye movement sleep delayed, and dreams reduced or disappeared.
Benzodiazepines have their own characteristics. For example, triazolam is an ideal hypnotic drug with fast absorption, rapid onset, no accumulation and no after-effect; But the disadvantage is that the half-life is short, and it is easy to cause insomnia in the morning and anxiety during the day after taking the medicine. Fludiazepam: It has a long half-life and rarely causes insomnia in the morning and anxiety during the day. However, its main metabolites are active, and the half-life of active metabolites is as long as 47 ~ 100 h, so it is easy to accumulate.
The third and third generation sedative and hypnotic drugs mainly include zolpidem, zaleplon and zopiclone.
Some sedatives and hypnotics are very safe. At the end of 1980s, people developed a new generation of non-benzodiazepine sleeping pills. Zolpidem is the first drug of this kind on the market. Developed by Sythelabo Company in France, it was listed in France on 1988 with the trade name Stilnox (translated in Chinese as-sleeping in the morning, feeling refreshed).
Zolpidem can significantly shorten the sleep time, reduce the number of nighttime awakenings, increase the total sleep time and improve the quality of sleep, and there is no obvious aftereffect the next morning. The phenomenon of "sleeping for one night" rarely happens, and it does not affect the mental activity and alertness of the next morning. Some safer sleeping pills are not addictive after long-term use, rarely produce rebound insomnia after drug withdrawal, and rarely accumulate after repeated use, so they are safer to use. Therefore, it has been widely recognized as a standard drug for insomnia after listing, and it has a tendency to gradually replace benzodiazepines.
The third-generation sedative-hypnotic drugs are well absorbed orally, reaching the peak of blood drug concentration in half an hour, and the drug is metabolized and excreted quickly, with a half-life of 3-6 hours, which is metabolized by the kidney. This drug has high therapeutic index and high safety. Basically does not change the normal physiological sleep structure, and does not produce tolerance and dependence. Adverse reactions are related to the individual sensitivity of patients, such as occasional drowsiness, dizziness, bitter taste, nausea and forgetfulness. This kind of safe hypnotics include zolpidem, zaleplon, zopiclone and so on.
Attachment: (data of several most common clinical hypnotics)
Shule anding tablets
Trade name and alias of estazolam tablets (Esquel Zuo Lun tablets)
English name estazolam tablets
Outer packing drawing
The chemical names of the main components of estazolam are 6- phenyl -8- chloro -4h-[ 1, 2,4]-triazole [4,3-∧], [1, 4] benzodiazepine.
Characteristics This product is a white tablet.
Pharmacological characteristics: This product is a benzodiazepine receptor agonist. Receptor complex is located on the nerve cell membrane, which regulates the discharge of cells as the threshold of chloride channels, reduces the excitability of neurons and reduces the next depolarization of excitatory transmitters. It also acts on GABA-dependent receptors, has anti-anxiety, sedative and hypnotic effects, and improves the inhibitory effect of GABA in the central nervous system by stimulating GABA receptors in the ascending reticular activation system. Enhance the inhibition and blocking of cortical and marginal arousal response after stimulating brainstem reticular structure. Molecular pharmacological studies show that reducing or antagonizing the synthesis of GABA will reduce the sedative and hypnotic effects of this product. If its concentration increases, the hypnotic effect of benzodiazepines will be enhanced.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics: the plasma concentration reached its peak 3 hours after oral administration. T 1/2 is 10-24 hours, and the excretion is slow.
[indications]
【 Function and usage 】 It is mainly used for insomnia, anxiety, nervousness and fear, and also used for anti-epilepsy and anticonvulsant.
Administration method Adult dosage: Oral. Steady, 1-2 mg once, three times a day. Insomnia, 1-2 mg, taken before going to bed. Antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs, 2-4 mg at a time, three times a day.
Adverse reactions There is no adverse reaction when the dosage is moderate, and mild fatigue, dry mouth and drowsiness may occur when the dosage is too large. Dependence will also occur after continuous use, but to a lesser extent.
Precautions include allergic reaction, nursing mothers, infants, elderly patients, patients with acute alcoholism, people with a history of drug abuse or addiction, epilepsy, liver and kidney dysfunction, hyperkinesia, hypoproteinemia, myasthenia gravis with dyspnea, acute or recessive angle-closure glaucoma, and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Administration instructions (1) The initial dose of patients with low tolerance to this kind of drugs should be small. In particular, the clearance of long half-life may be slowed down, and there are many opportunities for central nervous system signs such as excessive sedation, dizziness or economic obstacles. Respiratory depression and hypotension occur, which often indicates excess. (2) Avoid long-term use and addiction; If you take this medicine for a long time, you should gradually reduce it before stopping it. Don't stop it. (3) These drugs have no specific antagonists. If overdose or poisoning occurs, symptomatic treatment should be carried out as soon as possible, including vomiting or gastric lavage, as well as respiratory and circulatory support treatment; If you have abnormal excitement, you can't use barbiturates to avoid aggravating central excitement or prolonging central inhibition.
When drug interaction (1) is combined with addictive drugs, the risk of addiction increases. (2) Drinking and this product can be used together to enhance each other. (3) When combined with antihypertensive drugs or diuretic antihypertensive drugs, these drugs can reduce blood pressure and increase efficiency. (4) When combined with calcium channel antagonists, hypotension may be aggravated. (5) When combined with cimetidine, it can inhibit the transformation of its intermediate metabolites from the liver, thus slowing the clearance and increasing the blood concentration. (6) The combination of propranolol and this product may lead to the change of seizure type and/or seizure frequency, so the dosage should be adjusted in time. (7) When carbamazepine is combined with this product metabolized by liver enzyme system, the blood concentration can be reduced. (8) The combination with primidone can cause the change of seizure types. (9) When combined with levodopa, the curative effect of levodopa can be reduced.
Zolpidem tartrate tablets
Trade names and aliases Letanol, Nobos, Zopiden and zopidem
Zolpidem tartrate tablets
Outer packing drawing
Main ingredients The main ingredient and chemical name of this product are: the main ingredient of this product is zolpidem tartrate, and the chemical name is n, n, 6- trimethyl -2-(4- methylphenyl)-imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine -3- acetamide tartrate.
Molecular formula and molecular weight Molecular formula: C 19H2 1N3O2 C4H6O6 Molecular weight: 764.88.
Properties This product is a film-coated tablet, which is white or white-like after removing the film-coated tablet.
Pharmacological characteristics: this product is a hypnotic drug, which produces pharmacological effects by selectively combining with ω 1- receptor subtype of central nervous system. In a small dose, this product can shorten sleep time and prolong sleep time; At higher dose, the time of 2-phase sleep and slow-wave sleep (3-phase sleep and 4-phase sleep) is prolonged, and the time of rapid eye movement sleep is shortened.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics According to the literature, zolpidem tartrate is absorbed quickly and takes effect quickly. The oral bioavailability was 70%, which showed linear kinetics within the therapeutic dose range, and the plasma concentration reached its peak at 0.3 ~ 3 hours after oral administration. The average elimination half-life is 2.4 hours (0.7 ~ 3.5), and the effect can last for 6 hours. The binding rate of plasma protein was 92.5% 0.65438 0%. The first-pass effect of liver is 35%. Repeated administration does not change the protein binding rate, indicating that this product lacks competition with its metabolites for binding sites. The apparent distribution volume of adults is 0.54±0.2L/kg. The elderly dropped to 0.34 0.052 liters/kg. All metabolites are inactive and excreted through urine (56%) and feces (37%). Experiments show that zolpidem is not dialyzable.
[indications]
【 Function and Use 】 Short-term treatment of insomnia
How to take this product quickly, it should be taken before going to bed. The recommended dose for adults is 10mg per day. The elderly and the weak may be sensitive to this product, so the recommended dose on the first day is 5mg.
For patients with hepatic insufficiency, the metabolic rate of this product is reduced, and the daily dose is 5mg, especially for elderly patients. The course of treatment ranges from a few days to two weeks, up to four weeks (including gradually decreasing time). Please note that it should not be taken beyond advice and treatment.
Adverse reactions There is evidence that taking this product has dose-related adverse reactions, especially on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal peristalsis. Elderly patients are most likely to produce. In clinical trials, the adverse reactions observed below the dose of 10mg include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, diarrhea and dizziness.
In long-term clinical trials, memory disorder (anterograde amnesia), nocturnal irritability, depression syndrome, mental disorder, consciousness disorder or diplopia, trembling dance steps and falls are rarely observed.
The use of benzodiazepines or drugs similar to benzodiazepines can cause the following side effects: irritability, excitement, irritability, aggressive delusions, rage, nightmares, hallucinations, psychosis, excessive behavior and other hostile behaviors. If these symptoms appear, the medication should be stopped. Older people are more prone to these symptoms.
Contraindications: 1. It is forbidden for those who are allergic to this product.
2. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, myasthenia gravis, severe liver insufficiency, acute respiratory insufficiency with respiratory depression are prohibited, and patients with depressive psychosis should use them with caution.
Note: 1. After taking benzodiazepines and similar benzodiazepines for several weeks, their efficacy and hypnotic effect may be reduced, resulting in tolerance.
2, dependence and insomnia rebound: dependence: the use of benzodiazepines and similar benzodiazepines may have physical and mental dependence on these drugs. The risk of dependence increases with the increase of dose and the extension of treatment. People with a history of drug and alcohol abuse are at greater risk. Once physical dependence occurs, withdrawal symptoms will appear immediately after drug withdrawal, including headache, muscle pain, extreme anxiety, irritability, excitement, delirium and so on. In severe cases, there will be disturbance of consciousness, loss of reason, auditory allergy, numbness, tingling sensation in limbs, allergy to light, sound and physical contact, hallucinations and seizures.
Insomnia rebound: short-term comprehensive symptoms caused by benzodiazepines and similar benzodiazepines may make insomnia relapse and strengthen. Insomnia may rebound when sleep therapy is stopped. It may also be accompanied by other symptoms, including emotional instability, anxiety and irritability. Because of sudden withdrawal, there will be withdrawal symptoms or insomnia rebound, so the dose should be gradually reduced.
3. Influence on driving and operating mechanical ability: Although the research shows that the driving of the simulated vehicle will not be affected after taking this product, drivers and mechanical operators should pay attention to the fact that, like other sleeping pills, they may feel sleepy the next morning after taking this product.
Pregnant women and breastfeeding
Pregnant women and lactating women are prohibited from taking female drugs.
/kloc-Children under 0/5 years old are prohibited from taking drugs.
Drug interaction is not suitable for drinking alcohol at the same time, because alcohol may enhance sedation and affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. Cautious use of central nervous system sedatives: Combined with antipsychotics (antipsychotics), sleeping pills, anti-anxiety drugs, narcotic painkillers, antiepileptic drugs and sedative antihistamines, the central inhibitory effect can be enhanced. Not suitable for use with antidepressants.
Anesthetic painkillers may enhance euphoria, leading to increased mental dependence.
Compounds that inhibit liver enzymes (especially cytochrome P450) may enhance the effects of benzodiazepines or benzodiazepines.
Drug overdose in the case of drug overdose, there are reports from disturbance of consciousness, drowsiness to mild coma. General examination and rescue measures should be taken, such as immediate gastric lavage and supportive treatment if necessary. When gastric lavage is ineffective, activated carbon should be used to reduce absorption. Even if there is excitement, it is forbidden to use sedatives. When severe symptoms appear, Masini should be considered.
Zopiclone tablets
Commodity names and aliases, etc.
English name zopiclone tablets
Outer packing drawing
Main ingredients The main ingredient of this product is zopiclone, and its chemical name is 6-(5- chloropyridine -2- yl) -7-[(4- methylpiperazine-1- yl) carbonyloxy]-5,6- dihydropyrrole [3,4-b] pyrazine -5- one.
Characteristics This product is a film-coated tablet. After removing the film piece, it appears white.
Pharmacological characteristics: The conventional dosage of this product has sedative, hypnotic and muscle relaxation effects. It acts on benzodiazepines, but the binding mode is different from benzodiazepines. Zopiclone is a quick-acting sleeping pill with high safety. Zopiclone can improve sleep, prolong sleep time, improve sleep quality, and reduce the number of nighttime awakening and early awakening.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics According to the data, the bioavailability of this product in healthy people is 80%, and it is absorbed rapidly by oral administration. The peak plasma concentration of 1.5 ~ 2.0 hours later was 30, 60 and115mg/ml after 3.75, 7.5 and15 mg administration, respectively. Drug absorption is not affected by gender, administration time and repeated administration. The drug is rapidly distributed from blood vessels to the whole body, the distribution volume is100 L L, the plasma protein binding rate is 45%, and the elimination half-life is about 5 hours. Repeated administration has no cumulative effect.
This product is extensively metabolized in the body (mainly biotransformed by P450 enzyme system), and the main metabolites are N- oxide (pharmacologically active to animals) and N- demethylation (inactive). Metabolites are mainly excreted through the lungs (about 50% of the dose), and the rest are excreted through urine. Only 4 ~ 5% of the dose is excreted from the body with urine as raw material. The half-life of the elderly is about 7 hours. This product can pass through dialysis membrane, and the plasma elimination ability of patients with liver cirrhosis is obviously reduced due to slow demethylation, so the dose should be adjusted.
[indications]
【 Function and usage 】 Used for insomnia. It is especially suitable for patients who can't stand the residual influence of the next morning.
The administration method is oral, 1 tablet, taken before going to bed; The elderly should take half a tablet before going to bed and 1 tablet if necessary; Patients with hepatic insufficiency should take half a tablet.
Adverse reactions are related to dosage and patient sensitivity. Occasionally, drowsiness, bitter taste, dry mouth, muscle weakness, forgetfulness and drunkenness occur, and some people have abnormal phobia, aggression, irritability or insanity, headache and fatigue. Sudden withdrawal after long-term medication may cause mild excitement, anxiety, myalgia, tremor, rebound insomnia, nightmares, nausea and vomiting, as well as rare severe spasm, muscle tremor and confusion (often interrupted by mild symptoms).
Contraindications are prohibited for allergic patients, patients with decompensated respiratory insufficiency, patients with myasthenia gravis and patients with severe sleep apnea syndrome.
Precautions 1. Patients with myasthenia gravis should pay attention to medical supervision, and patients with respiratory insufficiency and hepatic and renal insufficiency should adjust the dose appropriately.
2. When using this product, it is absolutely forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages.
3. Be cautious when taking medicine for too long. If you stop taking medicine suddenly, you should be carefully monitored. It is not advisable to operate machinery and drive after taking medicine.
Pregnant women and breastfeeding
Female medication is used by women during pregnancy. Because of its high concentration in milk, this product is not suitable for lactating women.
Children's medication 65438+ This product is not suitable for children under 05 years old.
Interaction with neuromuscular blocking drugs (barrel curare, muscle relaxants) or other central nervous system inhibitors can enhance sedation.
2. Use benzodiazepines and sleeping pills with caution.
Drug overdose: taking a large amount of drugs at one time will lead to deep sleep or even long sleep, which should be avoided.
Zhalai Pulong Capsule (made in China)
Trade name and alias Quning
English name Zaleplon Capsules
The main ingredient is zaleplon; Its chemical name is N- ethyl -N-3-[7-(3- cyanopyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidinyl) phenyl] acetamide.
Molecular formula and molecular weight C 17H 15N5O 305.35
Properties This product is a capsule, and its contents are white or white-like powder.
Pharmacological characteristics Pharmacological action: Zaleplon, as a hypnotic, has different chemical structure from benzodiazepines, barbiturates and other known hypnotics, and may act on GABA-BZ receptor complex to exert its pharmacological action. Non-clinical studies have shown that zaleplon can selectively bind to w- 1 receptor of brain GABA 1 receptor complex A subunit. The experimental results of zaleplon binding to purified GABA 1 receptor (a)1b1y 2 [W- 1y 2] and (a) 2b1y 2] show that.
Pharmacokinetic characteristics According to foreign literature, the pharmacokinetics of 500 healthy people (including young and old), lactating women and patients with liver disease or kidney disease were studied. In healthy volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of zaleplon in single dose of 60MG and once daily dose of 15MG and 30MG*** 10 day were studied. Zalepron is rapidly absorbed to a peak concentration of about 1 hour, and its scavenging half-life is about 1 hour. There is no drug accumulation after once daily administration, which is within the treatment range.
1, absorption: zaleplon is absorbed rapidly and completely after oral administration, reaching the peak of blood concentration about 1 hour. Its bioavailability is about 30%, and it has obvious first-pass effect.
2. Distribution: Zaleplon is a lipophilic compound. After intravenous administration, the distribution volume is about 1.4L/KG, and the binding rate of plasma protein in vitro is about 45%-75%, which is not limited by the concentration range of zaleplon 10- 100NG/ML, indicating that the binding rate of zaleplon to plasma protein has not changed. The ratio of zaleplon in blood and plasma is about 1, which means that zaleplon is evenly distributed in whole blood, but not widely distributed in red blood cells.
3. Metabolism: Zaleplon is extensively metabolized after oral administration. In urine, only 65,438+0% of zaleplon is the original drug, and zaleplon is mainly converted into 5- oxo-zaleplon by aldehyde oxidase. Zaleplon is rarely metabolized by CYP3A4 to diethyl Zaleplon, and is quickly converted to 5- oxo diethyl Zaleplon by aldehyde oxidase. These metabolites were subsequently converted into glucuronic acid compounds and eliminated in urine, and all zaleplon metabolites had no pharmacological effects.
4. Excretion: Zaleplon is rapidly eliminated after oral or intravenous administration, with an average of T 1/2 about 1 hour. The oral plasma clearance rate of zaleplon is about 3L/ hour/kg, and the intravenous plasma clearance rate is about 65438 0L/hour/kg. If the liver blood is normal, ignoring the renal clearance rate, it is estimated that the liver extraction rate of zaleplon is 0. After taking the radiolabeled zaleplon, 70% (7 1% within 6 days) can be recovered in urine, including all zaleplon metabolites and glucuronic acid, and 17% can be recovered in feces, mainly 5- oxo-zaleplon.
5. The role of food: In healthy adults, high-fat and indigestible food can prolong the absorption of zaleplon, the delay time is about 2 hours, and the Cmax is reduced by about 35%. The AUG and clearance half-life of zaleplon have no obvious effect, which indicates that taking zaleplon immediately after using high-fat indigestible food will affect its onset time. Three pharmacokinetic studies of zaleplon in the elderly showed that there was no significant difference between zaleplon and young people.
Gender: There is no significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of zaleplon between men and women.
Race: Taking Japanese as the representative of Asians, the pharmacokinetics of zaleplon was studied. In this group, Cmax and AUC increased by 37% and 64% respectively, which may be related to different body weights. It may also be different from the enzyme activity caused by diet, environment or other factors.
Liver injury: Zaleplon is metabolized by the liver first, and then by the whole body. Compared with healthy people, the oral clearance rate of zaleplon in patients with compensatory and decompensated diseases decreased by 70% and 87% respectively, resulting in a significant decrease in the average Cmax and AUC. Therefore, patients with moderate or mild liver injury should take a lower dose of zaleplon, and patients with severe liver injury are not recommended to take zaleplon.
Renal injury; Since less than 1% of zaleplon is excreted by the kidney, its pharmacokinetics in patients with renal insufficiency has no obvious change, so it is not necessary to adjust the dose for patients with moderate and mild renal injury, but further research is needed for patients with severe renal injury.
[indications]
【 Function and Use 】 It is suitable for short-term treatment of insomnia and difficulty in falling asleep. Clinical research results show that zaleplon can shorten sleep time, but it does not show that it can increase sleep time and reduce wake-up times.
How to take it: Adults take 5- 10MG( 1-2 capsules) orally each time, and take it before going to bed or when falling asleep is difficult. For patients with light weight, the recommended dose is 5 mg once (1capsule). The recommended dose is 5MG( 1 capsule) for elderly patients, diabetic patients and patients with mild to moderate liver dysfunction. Only once a night, and the continuous medication time is limited to 7- 10 days. If insomnia is still not relieved after taking 7- 10, the doctor should re-evaluate the causes of insomnia.
Adverse reactions After taking zaleplon, mild adverse reactions may occur, such as headache, drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, sweating, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, dysmnesia, dreaminess, depression, tremor, instability, diplopia, other vision problems and mental disorder. Other adverse reactions include: 1, short-term memory loss about 1 hour after taking zaleplon 10 or 20MG, and the loss effect is stronger at 20MG, and there is no loss effect after 2 hours; 2. After taking zaleplon 10 or 20MG, it has the expected sedative and mental disorder effect about 1 hour, but it has no such effect after 2 hours; 3. Rebound insomnia is dose-dependent. Clinical trials showed that there was no or little rebound insomnia in 5MG and 10MG groups on the first night after drug withdrawal, and some in 20MG group, but disappeared the next night; 4, occasional transient transaminase increase.
Contraindications: 1. It is forbidden for those who are allergic to this product.
2, severe liver and renal insufficiency disabled.
3. Patients with sleep apnea syndrome are prohibited.
4. Patients with myasthenia gravis are prohibited.
5, severe dyspnea or chest diseases are prohibited.
Precautions 1. This product is the second kind of psychotropic drugs specially managed by the state. We must strictly abide by the state regulations on psychotropic drugs and use them under the guidance of doctors.
2. Do not exceed the service period prescribed by the doctor, long-term use may cause dependence. Use with caution in patients with a history of drug abuse.
3. After taking zaleplon, please contact your doctor if you find behavioral and mental abnormalities.
Tell your doctor all the drugs you may take, including over-the-counter drugs. If you drink alcohol, tell your doctor. Do not drink alcohol while taking zaleplon or other sleeping pills.
Don't take this product unless you can sleep for more than 4 hours.
6. Do not arbitrarily increase the dosage of this product without the guidance of a doctor.
When you take this product or other sleeping pills for the first time, you should know that these drugs will still have some effect the next day. When you need to be clear-headed, you should use it carefully, such as driving a car and driving a machine.
8. It may be difficult to fall asleep on the first day or the next night after stopping taking drugs.
9. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, please tell your doctor.
10. Do not share this product with others. This medicine should be kept out of the reach of children.
1 1. If you have depression, please tell your doctor that doctors should try to give drugs to depressed patients as little as possible to prevent overdose.
12, this product takes effect quickly and should be taken immediately before going to bed or when it is difficult to fall asleep after going to bed.
13. In order to give full play to the function of this product, please don't take this product after running out of high-fat diet.
14. As the adverse reactions of this product are dose-related, the lowest dose should be used as far as possible, especially for the elderly.
15, when used in combination with drugs acting on the brain, the after-effect may be aggravated due to synergistic effect, leading to drowsiness in the morning. These drugs include: drugs used to treat mental illness (such as antidepressants, sleeping pills, anxiolytics, sedatives and antidepressants), anesthetics and drugs used to treat allergic reactions (such as sedative antihistamines).
Pregnant women and breastfeeding
The safety of women taking this product during pregnancy has not been confirmed by data, and this product is metabolized into milk, so it is forbidden for lactating women and women who are about to or have been pregnant.
There is no data to prove the safety of children taking this product, so children (less than 18 years old) are prohibited from using this product.
This product is suitable for the elderly, including those over 75 years old. Compared with healthy young volunteers, the pharmacokinetics of this product in the elderly and elderly women (including the elderly over 75 years old).
There is no obvious difference. Because the elderly are more sensitive to the influence of sleeping pills, the recommended dose is 5MG.
Drug Interaction and Central Nervous System Drugs
Ethanol: this product can enhance the damage of ethanol to the central nervous system, but it does not affect the pharmacokinetics of ethanol.
Imimipramine: After this product is combined with imipramine, the degree of sobriety is reduced, and the ability of sports and mental action is impaired. The interaction is pharmacodynamic, but the pharmacokinetics has not changed.
Paroxetine: This product has no interaction with Paroxetine.
Thiram: After this product is combined with thiram, the degree of sobriety is reduced and the ability of sports spirit and action is impaired. The interaction is pharmacodynamic, but the pharmacokinetics has not changed.
Combined with enzyme inducer/inhibitor: When combined with enzyme inducer such as rifampicin, the Cmax and AUC of this product will be reduced by 4 times.
There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between this product and diphenhydramine, but both of them have sedative effect, so special attention should be paid to the combination of drugs.
Drug overdose There are few studies on this product overdose. In preclinical research, it was noted that overdose showed central nervous system depression, and mild symptoms such as drowsiness, drowsiness and confusion appeared. Serious ones include: crush disorder, hypotonia, hypotension, and sometimes coma until death.
Suggested treatment: Animal studies show that Masini fluoride is resistant to zaleplon, but it has not been used in clinic. Treat according to the general principle of drug overdose, and ensure support and symptomatic treatment.