According to the survey, teenagers have different degrees of mental health problems. Personality, behavior and mood are different, and there are common psychological barriers, which requires schools to shoulder the heavy responsibility of mental health education for teenagers. At present, the necessity of carrying out mental health education in schools has gradually become people's consciousness. It is also the direction of school mental health education to improve students' psychological quality, improve their ability to withstand the pressure of life setbacks and make them better adapt to society. However, from the current situation of mental health education in schools, it is not optimistic. As far as the teachers and venues of the school are concerned, it seems impossible to carry out mental health education as a subject alone. Moreover, the teaching tasks of teachers and students are already very heavy, and the mental health education curriculum increases the psychological burden of teachers and students, which runs counter to the original intention of psychological education. To carry out mental health education under the existing conditions, we should strengthen the infiltration of mental health education in various disciplines, and the teaching of various disciplines involves different levels of psychological education. As long as we sort out the teaching content of the subject, we can dig out the psychological education content contained in the textbook. The rich humanistic spirit contained in Chinese textbooks has unique advantages for students to carry out mental health education. In several years of teaching practice, I think the following methods are feasible and effective to infiltrate mental health education in Chinese teaching.
First, a relaxed, harmonious and democratic relationship between teachers and students creates an educational atmosphere conducive to the healthy development of students' body and mind.
Teachers should establish a correct view of teachers and students, and love, respect and treat students equally in teaching. "Teachers don't have to be superior to disciples, and disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers." Teachers and students respect each other, appreciate each other, recognize each other, complement each other, create a relaxed and harmonious teaching atmosphere in the classroom, and carry out creative teaching and learning activities in the blend, which is the truly high-level teaching realm. As friends, face students sincerely and eliminate worries. In the minds of teachers and students, all students in the class are completely equal, and there is no such thing as "good students" and "poor students", because everyone has strengths and weaknesses, and academic performance cannot be the only criterion.
A teacher who puts on airs and doesn't communicate with his students all day with a straight face, how can he let his children contact you without psychological burden? How can they learn to associate with others? Pupils' psychological state is not yet mature, and they are easily frustrated, so they will have psychological pressure. At this time, teachers need to be their intimate friends, listen to them patiently, open their hearts to communicate with them, help them solve difficulties and reduce pressure. Only in this way can they gradually learn to communicate with others, dare to face challenges and adapt to society. In the classroom, if a democratic and equal relationship is established between teachers and students, students will speak more actively because they don't have too many concerns. I often say this to my students: since you admit that I am your friend, there is no gap between us. You don't have to be careful when you get along with friends. Say what you think, say what you think, as long as it makes sense. I haven't done enough, please help me point it out; If you don't do well, I'll help you correct it. Honesty is key. What's wrong with being wrong? Making mistakes in front of friends is not shy, but beneficial, because friends will really help you. My classmates and I have a very good relationship. They always come to talk to me after class. Of course, they also dare to "refute" me. Sometimes, some students who eat leopard gall will send me notes and give me advice. They are completely free to answer questions in Chinese class, and they are very courageous and dare to express their opinions. Without the psychological burden, the thinking environment is relaxed and the natural effect is better.
It creates a positive, mutual aid and caring environment. No matter in what capacity you approach students, I believe that students' psychological burden will not exist and all kinds of learning activities can go smoothly. Moreover, teachers' love for students will affect students' hearts and lay the foundation for shaping students' healthy personality and establishing correct outlook on life and values.
Second, excavate the truth, goodness and beauty in teaching materials and infiltrate mental health education.
The Chinese textbook itself consists of vivid articles full of philosophy and emotion, which can not only educate students in cognitive psychology, but also penetrate other contents of mental health education. Although it is not directly expressed in a centralized and orderly manner, it is hidden between the lines of the text; It is not independent, but coexists with other educational factors. In practice, in order to correctly handle and make good use of mental health education resources in textbooks, I have focused on the following aspects:
1, cultivate active thinking.
Learning process is a complicated psychological activity process, and thinking is an important part of learning psychological activity. In Chinese teaching, students can be inspired by the thinking examples of specific characters in textbooks. For example, the text "Three Bags of Wheat" allows students to evaluate and choose a bag of wheat according to the different treatment methods of calves, pigs and monkeys, which can train students to think differently and make different judgments.
2. Cultivate positive emotions.
Emotion is a stable and unique psychological factor that constitutes personality. The mood of primary school students is in a period of rapid change. Teachers should make full use of the positive emotional factors given to the characters in the teaching materials, and cause students to sing and infect in a subtle way. For example, the admiration for colorful ponds in the text, the filial piety of two brothers to their mothers in Two Oranges, and the deep affection between mother and son in Massachusetts are all excellent examples.
3. Exercise a strong will.
Will is people's continuous efforts to overcome obstacles on the way forward in order to achieve consciously put forward goals, which has great influence on individual study and work. Teachers can fully tap the frustration-resistant qualities of the characters in textbooks and carry out psychological education infiltration. For example, in the article "Confidence", people are taught to have confidence in what they do. "Pots and jars" tell people that everything has two sides, so don't look down on people ... These are good teaching materials for teachers to guide students to feel the will of characters and strive for success.
Third, take composition teaching as the breakthrough point to relieve students' depression.
Students are confused about social changes, anxious about interpersonal relationships, worried about personal growth, happy or worried, and they all need to talk. If the hot topics that students often think and discuss are brought into the track of composition teaching, they will meet their needs of speaking, untie their hearts and help them write. Grasping some hot topics that students usually pay attention to can draw up a composition. For example, talk about opinions online, discuss Zhouqu earthquake relief, Chang 'e II landing on the moon, draw up a topic for them to comment on these things, and let them know how to get to know a person and how to adhere to the correct moral outlook and outlook on life. Some students have a more mature understanding of themselves, others and the meaning of life in their compositions, and their depressed mood has not only been confided, but also their world outlook has changed. In fact, for primary school students, even if the whole article is not very smooth, it should be praised for writing the author's ideological spark somewhere. This can make students feel a sense of accomplishment, which is very in line with the psychological needs of students' healthy growth.
Fourth, carry out colorful Chinese practice activities and infiltrate mental health education.
Chinese practice is an extension of Chinese classroom teaching with openness, pleasure, autonomy and initiative. In the colorful Chinese practice, there are also many opportunities for psychological education. Teachers should be good at grasping opportunities and infiltrating psychological education anytime and anywhere. This time-consuming and targeted educational infiltration often gets twice the result with half the effort.
There are many Chinese social practice activities and oral communication in primary school textbooks. Because students actually participate in practice, in production, design, organization, performance, debate and other activities, students devote themselves wholeheartedly and have rich experiences, or taste success, share joy, or experience setbacks and failures. The psychological state of students is in a state of development and change with the process of activities and participation. In teaching, I take "activities" as "teaching materials", keenly grasp the opportunity of mental health education, infect students with actions, influence and hint students, educate students on mental health, and let students feel and experience happiness in full activities. For example, I organized students to carry out a practical activity of "Let me shine", brought my own cookware to the technical classroom, and asked students to cooperate in groups, bring their own materials and have a cooking contest. Students' enthusiasm is very high. They both work together. Some cook noodles, some stir-fry, and some make jiaozi cook all kinds of dishes. In the process of activities, I guide students to experience the actual feelings: the joy of success in learning skills and the frustration of encountering setbacks. Such practical activities shorten the distance between students, promote the formation of good interpersonal relationships among students, and at the same time, not only help to improve each student's ability to deal with people, but more importantly, help students develop good cooperative psychological quality, so that they can establish the concept of collectivism from an early age.
In a word, people pay more and more attention to mental health education. Chinese teaching should be duty-bound to share this important task, and effectively infiltrate while cultivating Chinese ability, so as to fully develop psychological potential, promote the improvement of students' comprehensive quality and personality development, and make due contributions to shaping a new generation across the century.