The principle of healthy diet: keep a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low in red meat, low in processed meat, low in sugar and low in fat. It is not recommended to control cancer by taking dietary supplements every day. Eat less and eat more.
The recommended dietary ingredients are:
1. Two thirds (or more) of vegetables, fruits, whole grains or soybeans.
2. One third (or less) of animal protein.
Dietary essentials of patients with esophageal cancer at different stages;
1) Early patients: A balanced diet should be based on fluids. Light, nutritious and digestible food should be given during treatment; During the intermission of treatment, it is advisable to give more foods with the functions of enriching blood, nourishing blood and invigorating qi to improve the body's disease resistance. Solid food must be fine.
2) Mid-term patients: Pay attention to supplement trace nutrients such as C and protein.
3) Advanced patients: The principle of high protein, high calorie and high vitamin should be followed. On the basis of the original balanced diet, increase 3 ~ 5 Liang of meat, fish, eggs, milk and bean products rich in protein every month, and appropriately increase calorie foods such as rice, flour and grains. Fresh vegetables and fruits should pay attention to the processing and preparation methods of food. Anyone who eats with his mouth must eat light food. According to the condition, soft food, semi-liquid, liquid, homogeneous diet and enteral nutrition preparations can be selected, among which homogeneous diet is the most suitable. Homogeneous diet is a liquid nutrient solution made by cooking the food to be eaten, adding water and crushing it with a food processor, which is more nutritious than ordinary liquids such as soup.
Avoid food
1. Avoid smoking, drinking and drinking coffee;
2. Do not eat polysaccharide;
3. Avoid spicy and irritating foods: onions, garlic, leeks, ginger, peppers, peppers, cinnamon and so on.
4. Avoid hot foods such as frying and barbecue;
5. Avoid greasy, sticky and phlegm-producing foods: such as fat meat, various sweets (high sugar content), cheese, cream and fat duck;
6. Avoid hair: mutton, pig head, shrimp and crab, rooster and other seafood;
7. Limit the intake of red meat or processed food.
Dietary conditioning after esophageal cancer surgery
1. Nasal feeding stage -65438+ 0 ~ 5 days after operation
The patient is in the stage of surgical trauma, the anastomotic stoma has not healed, the gastrointestinal function has not recovered well, and the digestive function is poor. Patients can be fed mixed milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, rice soup, etc. The injection amount can be dropped 2-3 times from 500ml on the first day, and then increased to 1500-2000ml per day according to the patient's tolerance. The temperature during drip should be close to body temperature. It is required that the nasal feeding nutrient solution should meet the requirements of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, salt and water in a proper proportion.
2. liquid feeding stage-5 ~ 10 days after operation
The patient has basically passed the surgical trauma period, and the gastrointestinal function has gradually recovered, with appetite and anal exhaust. You can give a small amount of boiling water (3 ~ 5 tablespoons) first, and gradually increase it to 30 ~ 50 ml. If there is no obvious discomfort, rice soup, egg soup, fresh milk, fish soup and all kinds of poultry stew soup can be given 100 ~ 200 ml each time, 5 ~ 7 meals a day.
3. Semi-liquid diet stage-starting from the second week after operation
At this time, the patient's food intake is gradually increasing, but attention should be paid to eating less and more meals, mainly digestible and slag-free foods (such as porridge, noodles, egg soup, tofu, etc.). ). Avoid eating a lot, so as not to cause digestive tract complications or anastomotic leakage.
4. Normal diet stage-starting from the fourth week after operation
At this time, the scope of diet can be expanded, except fried, spicy and stimulating, sweet food, cold liquid and other foods (see dietary principles for details). Proper physical activity is beneficial to digestion and absorption. A few patients may have symptoms such as epigastric fullness, diarrhea and acid vomiting. , and can take drugs such as motilium and compound phenylephrine. If the symptoms are still not relieved after taking the medicine, the patient should go to the hospital for treatment. You can take some anticancer foods, such as ginsenoside rh2 preparation, to increase the number of white blood cells in patients with esophageal cancer, enhance resistance, reduce the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.