All kinds of coatings are composed of film-forming substances (various resins), solvents, pigments, desiccants and additives. Ordinary paint usually takes gasoline as solvent, epoxy iron red primer contains a small amount of xylene, and impregnating paint mainly contains toluene and a small amount of benzene. Spray paint (nitrolacquer) and thinner (banana oil) contain a lot of benzene or toluene and xylene. The main occupational hazard of paint production is inhalation of organic solvent vapor, which makes the proportion of serious diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, tuberculosis and pleurisy quite high. Most painters who have worked for more than 10 years have symptoms of cough, fatigue, headache, chest tightness and limb weakness.
The main toxic substance of paint is formaldehyde. Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can lead to chronic respiratory diseases and other chronic diseases. High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to nervous system, immune system, liver and skin, and even causes cancer of nasal cavity, oral cavity, nasopharynx, throat, skin and digestive tract, and induces leukemia.
In addition, the solvent in paint (commonly known as diluent) accumulates in the central nervous system for a long time, which leads to brain cell damage, chronic solvent poisoning syndrome, neuropsychiatric disorders and so on. , reducing the intelligence of children.
About paint:
English name of paint: paint or coating. Paint is a kind of chemical mixture coating, which can firmly cover the surface of objects and play a special role in protection, decoration, marking and so on. The authoritative work "Coating Technology" in China coating industry is defined as follows: "Coating is a material that can be coated on the surface of an object through different construction processes to form a solid film with firm adhesion, certain strength and continuity. The film formed in this way is commonly called coating film, also called paint film or coating. "
Coatings are generally composed of film-forming substances, fillers (pigments and fillers), solvents and additives. According to the performance requirements, sometimes the composition will change slightly, for example, there is no pigment and filler in varnish and no solvent in powder coating.
It belongs to organic chemical polymer material, and the formed coating film belongs to polymer compound type. According to the classification of modern chemical products, coatings belong to fine chemical products. Modern coatings are gradually becoming a multifunctional engineering material and an important industry in the chemical industry.
2065438+0717127 October, the list of carcinogens published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization was preliminarily sorted out for reference. Paint manufacturing (occupational exposure) is among the three carcinogens.
Hazardous substances:
Volatile organic compound
1: VOC is the abbreviation of volatile organic compound. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are those that eventually volatilize into the atmosphere without forming a paint film. Volatile organic compounds will react with oxygen in the air to generate ozone, which is harmful to the atmospheric environment and human health.
2: TDI (toluene diisocyanate)
TDI mainly exists in the paint in decoration and comes from the synthesis of curing agent for PU paint. Excessive free TDI will do harm to human body, mainly manifested as sensitization and irritation, with symptoms such as eye pain, tears, conjunctival congestion, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma, red papules, maculopapules, contact allergies and so on.
Formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong pungent smell. Volatile and highly toxic, 35% ~ 40% formaldehyde aqueous solution is called formalin. Formaldehyde is highly toxic.
Benzene, toluene and xylene:
Benzene is highly toxic, while toluene and xylene are low toxic. Inhaling a certain amount of benzene, toluene and xylene will cause poisoning and even damage the hematopoietic system and nervous system.
Soluble heavy metals:
Heavy metals refer to metals with a density greater than 4.5g/cm3, such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury. Some resins, pigments or driers in paint will contain soluble heavy metals. If you are exposed to heavy metals such as lead for a long time, it can cause mild neurasthenia syndrome and dyspepsia, and in severe cases, anemia and lead paralysis will occur.