First, the historical experience of the British medical reform movement
(1) The concept of health and healthy state is constructed by society, and its connotation and extension are constantly expanding, reflecting the deepening of human understanding of diseases. Health is the development from an individual without disease or injury to a state of physical, psychological and social happiness, to a state of physical and mental health, from a micro-healthy individual to a macro-healthy society, and from a healthy external environment to the quality of internal social structure.
(2) Diseases and ailments are the products of the historical development of human society, which directly come from population growth, agricultural production and urban life. Population mobility, business contacts, military conquest, urban civilization and lifestyle are the most important causes of diseases. The biggest threat to human health mainly comes from unhealthy lifestyles and high-risk behaviors, and comes from the development model of human civilization. This not only means that disease is a punishment for the state of human civilization, but also the biggest source of motivation to improve human happiness and quality of life.
Second, the core debate of the British health care reform movement
(1) The connotation, extension, definition and positioning of core concepts such as disease, discomfort, health and medicine are all controversial. In modern English grammar, "disease" is usually an objective concept, which is caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, while "pain" is usually a subjective concept, which refers to the feeling of physical pain and discomfort experienced by people and means the change of the concept of pain. For a long time, the variability and modernity of the concept of "disease" mainly involves the connotation, extension and definition orientation of the concept of disease, whether to define health from the perspective of personal hygiene and physical disease-free, or from the perspective of social hygiene and social structure quality. Before the 20th century, health was basically defined from the perspective of personal hygiene and physiological dysfunction, and little attention was paid to the relationship between health and society.
(2) whether medical and health services focus on individual medicine and the principles of treatment and rehabilitation, or on social medicine and prevention. After industrialization, urbanization revolution and rapid population growth, the development of medical thought and medical technology was mainly a personal health problem at first. How to determine the cause, relieve the pain of patients, treat diseases and reduce mortality has become the biggest challenge facing medicine. However, factories, schools, military units and public places have poor sanitation, serious infectious diseases are rampant and the mortality rate is staggering. Especially, the discovery of the theory of "infection" and the theory of etiology such as bacteria and viruses has made people pay more attention to the health status of social groups, and group-oriented medicine such as environmental health, public health, factory health, school health and military health has emerged and flourished. More importantly, the basic principle of group medicine is prevention first, and medical socialization and medical life have become the development direction.