As follows:
Health risk assessment refers to the quantitative assessment of the health status of individuals or groups and the risk of future illness and/or death. Population health risk assessment can better help the assessed objects to understand their real health risks and guide them to change or correct unhealthy behaviors.
The path of technology and method of health risk assessment is generally divided into five parts: the establishment of assessment system (model, content and method)-general information collection (questionnaire survey)-determination of physical examination items (screening content)-secondary information integration (calculation of risk score)-assessment and alarm intervention (physical examination summary, risk assessment and health prescription).
Health risk assessment mainly includes the following three steps: personal health information collection (questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination), risk assessment and assessment report.
(1) Collection of personal health information: it is the basis of health risk assessment.
Including questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination. The composition of the questionnaire mainly includes: general survey: age, gender, education level, occupation, economic income, marital status, etc. Investigate the current health status, past history and family history.
Survey of living habits: mainly including smoking, physical activity, eating habits and nutrition, drinking, etc. Other risk factors such as mental stress. Physical examination and laboratory examination mainly include: height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar and so on.
(2) Risk assessment: It mainly includes general health risk assessment and disease risk assessment.
1. General Health Risk Assessment (HRA): It mainly evaluates risk factors and possible diseases. Risk factor assessment includes lifestyle and/or behavior risk factor assessment, physiological index risk factor assessment, and individual risk factor quantity and severity assessment.
Find the main problems and possible major diseases, and manage the risk factors in layers, such as hypertension risk and dyslipidemia risk.
2. Specific Disease Health Assessment (DSHA): At present, health risk assessment has been gradually extended to disease-based risk assessment.
Disease risk assessment refers to the assessment of specific disease risks. There are four main steps: first, choose the diseases to be predicted; Second, constantly discover and determine the risk factors related to the occurrence of diseases; Thirdly, establish a disease risk prediction model by applying appropriate prediction methods; Fourth, verify the correctness and accuracy of the evaluation model.