1. Experience standard. Refers to personal subjective experience and inner world, mainly including good mood and proper self-evaluation.
I feel good about myself and evaluate myself properly, but I overestimate myself and belittle myself too much. I have a stable and objective evaluation standard for myself, which is not influenced by others' evaluation. Don't care too much about what others think of you.
2. Operating standards. Through observation, experiment and test, the process and effect of psychological activities are investigated, the core of which is efficiency, which mainly includes the efficiency of personal psychological activities and personal social efficiency and social functions (such as high efficiency in work and study, harmonious interpersonal relationship, etc.). ).
It is to do things, such as whether work and study can be carried out normally, whether satisfactory results can be achieved, whether there are problems in interpersonal relationships, and whether you can get along well with others, so as to successfully complete the purpose of cooperation and communication with others.
3. Development criteria. Focus on the longitudinal (past, present and future) investigation and analysis of people's psychological state (while the first two standards mainly focus on the horizontal, considering a person's mental state). The development index refers to the possibility of higher-level development, and there are action measures to make the possibility come true.
Is whether there are ideals and goals, and whether these ideals and goals can be achieved. Let yourself develop.
Simply put, it is whether you have a stable self in your heart. You are not happy because others praise you, but angry and depressed because others belittle you. But clearly know your boundaries, your strengths and weaknesses.
Have goals, ideals, ability to work and learn, be able to achieve goals, accept failure, and establish harmonious cooperation and communication with others.
Family members have been concerned about our physical health since childhood, while mental health is often neglected.
We learn to pay attention to tooth cleaning, don't grow cavities, and avoid causing toothache;
Change your clothes in time when you come back in rainy days to avoid catching a cold;
The skin is cut and needs to be rubbed in time to prevent inflammation.
However, few of us are educated: when you are frustrated, when you are angry, wronged, jealous and sad, how to identify emotions, how to get along with emotions, and how to get out of the emotional trough.
Behind the same behavior, there can be different thoughts and feelings.
Slowly, the child's own beliefs are formed. When they encounter violence, they should fight back. Violence can solve the problem, or they need to be tolerant and unable to resist.
In fact, we know that in addition to the above relatively negative behavioral reactions, we can have other choices, which are not necessarily optimal, at least to make our hearts stronger.
Seek the help of teachers, parents and even law enforcement departments, try to solve problems through reasonable communication, stop the abusive behavior, feel the ability to solve problems, accumulate experience, and build inner self-confidence and control.
Mental health is not the same as physical health, and there are clear parenting methods and indicators to judge whether a child is developing normally.
Even because children behave differently from other children, they are misunderstood.
A 3-year-old pushed a 1 year-old. The mother of the child is very angry with the older child, thinking that the older child intentionally hurts the child, and that the child is prone to violence.
If you know what older children are thinking, older children hear the mother's call to their children, but they don't notice. TA just wants to help the child get back to his mother.
According to the mental health standards, observing a person's emotions, behavioral reactions, and the motives behind his behavior will help us understand whether a person's psychology is healthy.
If the problems at work are pointed out, then I feel incompetent and accomplish nothing;
Once you hear a compliment, you feel great and supercilious.
Because others judge us and form ourselves, different judgments will have unstable selves. This does not meet the standards of health psychology.
When a person has an unusual emotional response to external stimuli, such as the death of an important family member due to illness, most family members are very happy and excited when they are sad. If there is no love-hate story behind them, it can be guessed that there may be something wrong with this person's cognitive and emotional response mechanism.
If there are two people fighting in the street, one of them is a schizophrenic. We can't judge who is a patient just by the behavior of fighting.
Only by understanding the motivation behind their fighting behavior can we make a better judgment.
If one of them says that his car hit my car, I will come down and argue with him, and he will not take responsibility and push me. I can't swallow this tone!
If one of them says that I am sent by heaven to deal with these unreasonable people, this person is unreasonable.
Obviously, the reaction of the latter person is inconsistent with reality. External stimuli cause different reactions from normal people, so it can be concluded that his mental health is problematic.
A person's anger at a trivial matter is beyond the normal range. For example, because someone accidentally stepped on his foot, the other party sincerely apologized, and the trampled person still violently beat the other party angrily. It can be judged that part of this person's anger does not come from the current stampede, and beating the other person is just a vent of great depression in his heart.
I. Defining the Definition of Mental Health1The Third International Conference on Mental Health held in 946 defined mental health as: "The so-called mental health refers to the development of an individual's mental state to the best within the physical, intellectual and emotional range that is compatible with the mental health of others." Domestic psychologists believe that the standards of mental health are: normal intelligence, good mood, sound will and coordinated behavior (what to do at what age).
Second, understanding the contradiction analysis of mental health is the fundamental way to understand things. To understand mental health correctly, we must understand psychological problems and mental diseases.
1. Psychological problems are psychological states in which people cannot correctly understand and solve psychological contradictions. A survey of students in several big cities shows that about 13% of primary school students have psychological and behavioral problems; Junior high school students are about15%; High school students are about19%; About 25% of college students; It shows an upward trend with the increase of grade.
Outstanding performance of college students' psychological problems;
The first category, inferiority/arrogance.
The second category, loneliness/showing off.
The third category, anxiety/laziness, the fourth category, depression/hedonism.
2. Mental illness is a serious psychological problem.
Neurosis: depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc. "No one will love me anymore." "I will never fall in love with anyone else again."
② Schizophrenia: nonsense, run amok. (As the saying goes, mental illness. )
Third, form an overall understanding of mental health-mental problems-mental diseases (trichotomy)
Maintain mental health, solve psychological problems and prevent mental illness.
A mentally healthy person can experience his own existence value, know himself, accept himself, and have self-knowledge, that is, he can make an appropriate and objective evaluation of his own ability, personality, emotions, advantages and disadvantages, and will not put forward harsh expectations and requirements for himself; You can also set realistic goals and ideals for your life, so you are always satisfied with yourself. At the same time, you can work hard to develop your potential, even if you can't remedy it, you can handle it safely. A mentally unhealthy person lacks self-knowledge and is always dissatisfied with himself. Because the set goals and ideals are unrealistic and the distance between subjective and objective is too far, he always blames himself and condescends. I always ask for perfection, but I can't do it, so I always have a hard time with myself. As a result, my psychological state will never be balanced and I can't get rid of the psychological crisis I feel I will face.
2. Accept others and be kind to others.
Mentally healthy people are willing to associate with others, not only accepting themselves, but also accepting others, accepting others and recognizing the important role of others' existence. He can be understood by others. Accepted by others and collectives, able to communicate with others and have harmonious interpersonal relationships. I can integrate into the small group of life, and I have a strong music group. You can be very happy when you are with your girlfriends, and you can be very lonely when you are quiet. When getting along with people, a positive attitude (such as sympathy, friendliness, trust, respect, etc. ) is always more than negative attitude (such as doubt, jealousy, hostility, etc.). ), so it is adaptable and has enough sense of security in social life. An unhealthy person is always different from the collective and incompatible with the surrounding environment and people.
3. Love life and enjoy work and study.
Mentally healthy people cherish and love life, actively participate in life, and enjoy the fun of life in life. They give full play to their personality and intelligence as much as possible in their work, get satisfaction and encouragement from the results of their work, and regard their work as fun rather than a burden. He can store all kinds of useful information, knowledge and skills accumulated in his work and extract them easily at any time to solve new problems that may be encountered, overcome all kinds of difficulties, and make his behavior more efficient and his work more effective.
4. People with mental health can face the reality, accept it, actively adapt to it and further transform it, instead of escaping from it.
Being able to make an objective understanding and evaluation of the surrounding things and environment and keep good contact with the real environment not only has higher ideals than reality, but also won't indulge in unrealistic fantasies and extravagant hopes. He is full of confidence in his ability and can properly handle all kinds of difficulties and challenges in life, study and work. People with unhealthy psychology often substitute fantasy for reality, dare not face reality, have insufficient courage to accept the challenge of reality, and always complain that they are "born at an inopportune time" or that the social environment is unfair to them, so they cannot adapt to the real environment.
5. Be able to coordinate and control emotions and be happy.
People with mental health always have advantages in positive emotional states such as happiness, optimism, cheerfulness and satisfaction. Although there will be negative emotional experiences such as sadness, worry, sadness and anger, they generally will not last long. He can properly express and control his emotions, be happy and not crazy, worry endlessly, win without arrogance, lose with grace, be humble and not humble, have self-esteem, be conceited and not afraid in social communication, be not greedy for what he can't get, strive to meet his various needs within the scope permitted by social norms, be satisfied with everything he can get, and always be cheerful and optimistic.
6. Harmonious and complete personality.
A mentally healthy person's personality structure, including temperament, ability, personality, ideals, beliefs, motives, interests, outlook on life, etc., can develop in a balanced way, and his personality can be fully, harmoniously and harmoniously displayed in the overall mental outlook of people. The way of thinking is moderate and reasonable, and people can adopt an appropriate and flexible attitude, without biased emotional and behavioral responses to external stimuli, and can keep pace with the pace of society and integrate with the collective.
7. Normal intelligence.
Normal intelligence is the most basic psychological condition of people's normal life and an important standard of mental health. Intelligence is the synthesis of human observation, memory, imagination, thinking and operation ability. If a person is mentally retarded, it cannot be considered as mental health.
8. Psychological behavior conforms to age characteristics.
At different ages of human life development, there are corresponding different psychological behaviors, thus forming unique psychological behavior patterns at different ages. A mentally healthy person should have the same psychological and behavioral characteristics as most of his peers.
The standard of health is not only physical strength but also mental health.
At present, mental health has become an indispensable part of modern health concept.
We believe that mental health refers to the efficient and pleasant adaptation to the environment and people, things and things around. A mentally healthy person can keep a calm mood, keen intelligence and adapt to the behavior and temperament of the social environment.
As a contemporary college student who is about to enter the society,
Mental health has become extremely important!
So what is the standard to measure mental health?
1. Normal intelligence; Normal intelligence is the primary criterion of mental health.
2. Be able to control your emotions well; Happy, joyful, optimistic, open-minded, quiet, satisfied,
Good emotions such as humor,
It is beneficial to physical and mental health, stimulates psychological potential and helps people to give full play to their social functions. However, intense emotional fluctuations and long-term negative emotions will lead to psychological imbalance, which not only affects people's cognition and behavior, but also may cause psychological obstacles and lead to various physical diseases.
3. Strong social adaptability;
4. Have a sound will quality; Everyone has big or small ideals, and consciously determine your reason.
The psychological process of thinking about a goal, controlling one's actions, and striving to achieve this goal is will.
5. Have a sound personality; Personality is a person's overall mental outlook and the sum of a person's stable psychological characteristics.
6. Good interpersonal relationship;
7. Psychological characteristics are in line with psychological age;