Indicators reflecting external morphological characteristics are: height (height, sitting height, arch of foot, etc. ), length (leg length, arm length, hand length, head length, neck length and foot length), girth (chest circumference, arm circumference, leg circumference, waist circumference and hip circumference), width (head width, shoulder width and hip breadth) and fullness (weight and sebum thickness).
The indexes reflecting the internal morphology are: the diameter of the longitudinal membrane of the heart, the shape of the muscle and the section of the membrane.
Physical fitness refers to the material basis of people's life activities and work ability. In short, physique refers to the quality of the human body itself, which is a relatively stable feature of the human body in terms of morphology, physiology, biochemistry and behavior. Physical fitness can reflect the level of human life activities and sports ability, so it is the basis for choosing fitness exercise. Physical exercise is a natural attribute of human beings and a necessary condition for the full development of life activities, which embodies the social attribute of human beings.
The concepts of "constitution" and "health" are different. The same healthy people have different constitutions, so we should comprehensively evaluate a person's physique from the aspects of shape, function, physical fitness, adaptability to the environment and climate, and disease resistance.
The comprehensive evaluation index of physical fitness includes the following aspects:
(1) Body shape development level: namely, physique, body shape, posture, nutritional status, body composition, etc.
(2) Physiological and biochemical function level: that is, the metabolic function of the body and the working efficiency of various systems and organs.
(3) Physical quality and athletic ability level: that is, the strength, speed, endurance, agility, flexibility and other qualities shown by the body in sports and the physical athletic ability such as walking, running, jumping, throwing and crawling.
(4) Psychological development state: including proprioception ability, individual willpower and judgment ability.
(5) Adaptability: for example, cold resistance, heat resistance and disease resistance to external environmental conditions.
There are many factors affecting physical strength, which are closely related to heredity, environment, nutrition and physical exercise. Heredity only provides the possibility or premise for the condition and development of physique, and the strength of physique depends on the acquired environment, nutrition, hygiene and physical exercise. Therefore, scientific exercise in a planned and purposeful way is the most active and effective means to enhance physical fitness.
Attachment: Contents and indicators of physical fitness measurement
(1) Morphological indicators: height, weight, chest circumference, upper arm circumference, sitting height and body composition; Sebum thickness, body fat specific gravity, fat-free weight, etc.
(2) Functional indicators: resting heart rate, blood pressure, lung function and cardiovascular exercise test.
(3) Physical fitness indicators: strength, explosiveness, flexibility, dexterity, coordination and balance, endurance events.
(4) Sports ability indicators: running, jumping and throwing.