First, a democratic, harmonious and relaxed learning environment is the premise and guarantee for cultivating innovative ability.
Classroom teaching is not only a process of knowledge transfer, but also a process of emotional blending, interpersonal communication and ideological exchange between teachers and students. Creating a relaxed classroom atmosphere of psychological integration and democratic communication between teachers and students is an important way to promote independent innovation of teachers and students and improve classroom teaching efficiency.
1, clearly tell students that the teacher is the participant, guide and organizer of the comprehensive practice class. In practice, I attach importance to establishing a democratic, harmonious and relaxed learning environment.
2. The practical activity class takes group cooperation as the main form, and the group members can be freely combined. The group leader and recorder represent the group spokesperson and are elected by themselves.
3. Teachers and students participate equally. In the lesson "I will appreciate music", after letting students know the benefits of music to people, I will train their courage in view of their timidity, give them a platform to express themselves, and let them freely sing a song on the stage in a class. At the same time, I assured the students that I was the first to start. After I finished singing, the students applauded warmly, followed by Wei and ... who was singing on the stage. Male students were a little scared at first, but later they were infected by this harmonious and relaxed environment and sang on stage. After a class, many students want to continue in the afternoon. Because of an equal, democratic, harmonious and relaxed classroom environment, students can actively participate in learning.
4. According to the activity content, the teacher puts forward thinking questions in advance, so that students can think before class. In the feelings written by the students at the end of the term, the students all wrote, I like the comprehensive practice class because it is relaxed and independent, and I hope there will be such classes in the future.
Second, students' imagination is the milk name of innovative ability.
Rich imagination is a necessary condition to produce innovative ability. Hegel said: "The most outstanding artistic expression ability is imagination." Einstein thought that imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, and imagination sums up everything in the world. It can be said that a person's imagination determines his innovative thinking and ability. Therefore, in practice, students are fully encouraged to imagine boldly on the basis of letting them do it. For example, in the activity of My Little World, give full play to students' autonomy and creativity, design independently by students themselves, then tell the group why they want to design like this, and then each group selects representatives to communicate and introduce in class. Another example is the "Future Cars" campaign. Students come up with all kinds of cars, some can be amphibious, some can fly over obstacles, some can drive on ice, and some even imagine that they can fly ... Although the communities and cars designed by students may not be realized, they dare to imagine and innovate, which makes them smarter and more creative.
Third, personal experience is the top of innovation ability.
As the name implies, comprehensive practice class is practice. If students are not allowed to practice and experience in person, it is just a hollow reputation. So in the "Little Chef" activity, I asked the students to name the dishes and list the cooking materials, and then accompanied by their parents, they were responsible for purchasing, washing, cutting, frying and taking photos (boarding school). In Monday's class, the students showed photos of the cooking process and explained the process of their practice clearly through speeches. Vivid language seems to be in a novel and interesting learning environment, and they seem to have turned themselves into a great chef. Give full play to your imagination and creativity, and design all kinds of delicious food for teachers and students to watch in a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere. That unique dish is really mouth watering. What is particularly interesting is that this activity has set up three awards: one is the practice award, the other is the dish award and the other is the explanation award. The students who won the prize are happier, and the students who didn't win the prize are also happy. They are determined to learn about cooking seriously after class. See you later.
Fourth, experience success, stimulate thinking and push innovation to a climax.
James, an American psychologist, said: "The most essential need of human beings is the desire to be affirmed." Frequent success can make children refreshed, happy, psychologically satisfied, active in thinking and develop innovative ability.
In the production of "simple electric fan", the students all started to do it according to the instructions. When Lu Kuan and Song started making, the coil just couldn't turn. Later, the teacher told him that the enameled wire of the coil had not been scraped, so there was no electricity. After this hint, they soon finished, and the coil kept turning. They are very happy, and other students are happy for their success. Many students gathered around to ask questions, which were quickly settled. Another example is "Little Chef". When they show their cooking skills and let the teacher taste them, they just let others give them affirmation.
In short, under the new curriculum conditions, students' learning methods have changed greatly, which requires teachers to change their customary teaching methods in teaching, consciously give students some opportunities to experience the learning process, encourage cooperative learning, independent learning and inquiry learning, and truly make students develop in an all-round way. Teachers should mobilize and stimulate students' interest in learning, become students' learning partners, and strive to create a positive classroom atmosphere.
About the author:
Jia, a senior primary school teacher, is currently a primary school Chinese teacher in Tianjin International School. He has won the first prize in the evaluation of "Double Excellent Courses" in the district, and many experience papers have won municipal and district awards, and he has been rated as an outstanding teacher in the district.
Cultivate students' healthy aesthetic interest
Jia Aiqing of Tianjin Huaying International School
It is said that there is a wax museum in the United States, which depicts the personality characteristics of all nationalities in the world, but there are no people from China. Local overseas Chinese object that the Chinese nation has a population of more than one billion. Why did you abandon China people? Answer: What are the national characteristics of China people? We can't catch them! ! ! This question really deserves our deep thought! Yes, what are the characteristics of our nation! Where is our China temperament?
First, the ancient Chinese nation has created an excellent Chinese civilization.
Since ancient times, our ancestors have thrived in this ancient land of China, eating blood and drinking blood, slash and burn, fishing and weaving, and created the cultural heritage of Chinese civilization, which is "rooted for more than one million years, civilized for tens of thousands of years, and extended for five thousand years". The Chinese nation has created the most advanced productive forces and the most brilliant scientific and technological achievements in the world in history, and has been in a leading position in politics, economy, culture, science and technology for a long time, and has maintained this leading position until15th century, until17th century and18th century. Europeans still worship Chinese civilization very much. During the period known as "Kanggan Prosperity", China's economic level is still ahead in the world. At the end of Qianlong period, China's total economic output ranked first in the world, and its population accounted for one-third of the world, and its foreign trade exceeded for a long time. The Chinese nation has a long spiritual and moral tradition, which constitutes a powerful, lasting and far-reaching national cultural psychology. Ancient culture is the flower of the spirit and the history of the soul. Its significance not only reflects the ancient social life, but also shows the spiritual world of people in various historical periods, and exerts a subtle influence on people's hearts in the process of communication, permeating all aspects of social life and playing a huge role in cultivating national cultural psychology and national character.
The development of world civilization history has always been a process of mutual promotion and integration, and all the progress of world civilization has benefited from the advantages of China culture. The rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation not only feeds the growth and development of the Chinese nation as spiritual food, but also makes great contributions to the development of world civilization history.
Second, the confusion of teenagers' spiritual civilization.
Whether the excellent civilization of the Chinese nation can be passed down from generation to generation is an urgent problem for our generation.
First of all, let's take a look at the current ideological situation of primary and secondary school students. Nowadays, the fire of "love" has burned to the middle school campus and even the primary school campus. A third-grade elementary school student often tells a jingle: a thief in grade one, a thief in grade two, a beautiful girl in grade three, a lot of handsome guys in grade four, love letters flying all over the sky in grade five, and a pair of mandarin ducks in grade six. What we primary school students know is nothing more than Japanese anime, Japanese household appliances, Japanese cars, and even Japanese ninjas and kendo masters are idols in their hearts. But how many people know about "Nanjing Massacre, 73 1 Bacteriology Unit, Lushun Massacre"? And countless Japanese history during the invasion? How many children can write traditional calligraphy which we can call art now? How many people have studied The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, University and Tao Te Ching? However, Japanese children have learned that Japanese children can also write beautiful traditional Chinese characters in China. Isn't this worth pondering?
Please watch another scene that happened in Nanjing. There were only 20,000 people at the venue, and 40,000 people poured in at once. The shoes and wallets squeezed out are enough to fill a car. In order to get the lowest ticket to 280 yuan, many middle school students would rather spend the breakfast money they have saved for two months. Many young girls sat on the ground crying because they didn't have tickets. All this is because of a star concert. What happened to these teenagers? Where are their aesthetic tastes? This can't help but remind people of the second Asian Gymnastics Championships, the largest gymnastics event in Asia, which opened in Guangzhou last year1October 22nd. At that time, although the fare was only 20 yuan, and 20 yuan's IP calling card was given with the ticket, it was still lacking in interest; At the same time, tickets for two concerts by singers from Hong Kong and Taiwan, such as "Star Storm", reached as high as 480 yuan, and some teenagers broke their heads. Some surveys show that many teenagers pay more attention to entertainment programs than social news and social problems. Hair dyeing, punk head and smoking are very popular among some teenagers. Where are their aesthetic interests? Isn't this worthy of our educators' deep thinking? Can't it attract the attention of the whole society?
Third, the campus calls for the return of spiritual civilization.
(A) the causes of adolescent psychological confusion
1, the first is the influence of commercial mass culture.
Contemporary teenagers who have grown up since the reform and opening up live in a popular culture that pursues entertainment, enjoyment and quick success. Because of the lack of guidance, they often regard mediocre things as fashion and profound and lofty things as outdated.
Secondly, under the impact of multiculturalism, teenagers are easy to lose themselves.
After the reform and opening up, the proliferation of strange cultural fast food and pop art unconsciously dispelled the authority of traditional culture: elegant and serious literature and art were neglected, and popular and shallow literary works were popular among teenagers; In the aesthetic way, they pursue simplicity and directness, and prefer to move from poetry to dialogue and from symphony to pop songs; In terms of aesthetic feeling, they no longer advocate implication and simplicity, but are willing to flaunt themselves and get quick success.
3. Teenagers' aesthetics have not yet formed, and they are easy to lose their "self" and go with the flow.
Therefore, many of our excellent and beautiful traditions have not been carried forward here, but in Japan, a friendly neighbor separated only by water. Japan's modernization, Meiji Restoration and postwar revival all absorbed the essence of our ancient civilization. Japan's rich countries, all rich in Confucian ancestry, are more elegant than China in architecture, gardens, tea ceremony, fencing and etiquette. Isn't this our sorrow?
4. The education of spiritual civilization lags behind.
According to relevant surveys, the vast majority of primary and secondary school students and their parents have a certain aesthetic taste. Is this sentence in line with your situation? " For this problem, 72.5% of primary school students, 76.8% of junior high school students, 82.7% of senior high school students and 79.2% of parents choose "complete compliance" and "relative compliance". These students and parents are easily moved by beautiful works of art and have a certain level of feeling and appreciation. However, there are still nearly 20% parents and students who lack aesthetic interest and experience in artistic works, and choose "not quite conforming" or "not completely conforming", including 27.5% primary school students, 23.2% junior high school students, 0/7.2% senior high school students and 20.8% parents. According to experts' analysis, the main reason for this phenomenon is the lag of spiritual civilization education: First, students rarely contact excellent works of art, and lack the time and opportunity to perceive and appreciate works of art, resulting in less aesthetic experience. Second, students lack the sensitivity to feel beauty and discover beauty. Parents and teachers seldom guide their children to feel and discover the beauty in life, and turn a blind eye to the beauty in life, which makes it difficult for students to have corresponding aesthetic interest even if they are exposed to beautiful works of art.
Do we really have no excellent literary works? There are many literary works in our Chinese textbooks, but our teachers don't know how to impart aesthetic taste. It was our parents who didn't tell us what beauty was. According to statistics, from primary school to high school, students' aesthetic experience level has gradually improved. This also shows from one side that the cultivation of aesthetic ability needs a long-term process and the joint efforts of teachers and parents.
(2) Vigorously improve and strengthen the education of spiritual civilization on campus.
China is a country that has always attached importance to personality cultivation education, which has a profound cultural accumulation. Throughout the history of China's ancient traditional culture, it is not difficult to find that the history of China's ancient traditional culture is actually a personalized history, and the essence of China's ancient traditional education is a personality cultivation education. Confucius is a famous educator in China and the earliest implementer of quality education. The basic feature of Confucianism he founded is humanistic culture. In the process of teaching, he emphasized the unity of moralization, ethicalization and politicization of education. The present situation of education in China is thought-provoking, and humanistic education should be the focus of attention. Over the years, our education tends to emphasize knowledge over emotion, IQ over emotional intelligence, and intellectual education over aesthetic education. Especially in Chinese teaching, the humanistic spirit and national personality of mother tongue education are not reflected enough. Reading teaching attaches importance to the analysis of text structure and the induction of theme ideas, but ignores the perception of language emotion; Explaining classical Chinese, paying attention to the classification of ancient Chinese grammar and the implementation of words and sentences, ignoring the author's profound thoughts and full emotional interest; Composition guidance focuses on the arrangement of layout, ingenious conception and accurate wording and sentences, while ignoring emotional stimulation.
1, humanistic education in spiritual civilization.
Judging from the current educational objects, middle school students are full of vigor and vitality, full of curiosity and hope for the future. However, because most students are only children and grow up in a doting environment, they are often self-centered and lack the spirit of cooperation; Weak willpower, easily frustrated. Such psychological quality and moral concept can hardly meet the social needs of the new century. 2 1 century needs a new generation of "sentient beings and wisdom" and a large number of creative talents. If there is no extensive and profound knowledge reserve, innovation is impossible; However, if we only pay attention to students' intelligence and ignore the integration of healthy emotions, then people with excellent grades may be admitted to a higher school, but without the internal driving force of sustainable development, it will be difficult to make a difference in the future. It can be said that an ignorant person is not far away; Without virtue, one can't move a step. Just imagine, a person who has no patriotism, social responsibility, strong enterprising spirit and pioneering spirit, even if he "reads thousands of books and takes the Wan Li road", how can he become the pillar of the country and the nation?
2. Aesthetic enlightenment in spiritual civilization education.
In the new century and the arrival of knowledge-based economy, how to develop people's wisdom potential, cultivate students' sound personality, make students have good psychological quality, cultivate students' aesthetic taste and keep the beautiful "spiritual home" of mankind has become the focus of educators' attention. For students, we should put our feelings into them, enter their hearts and impress them with emotions. Mr. Xu Teli pointed out in the article "Fundamentals and Phenomena of Psychology": "Emotion is a kind of enthusiasm and a kind of motivation; When reason has emotion, it has the atmosphere of life. In fact, the "literary beauty" text in textbooks is an excellent teaching material to cultivate students' moral sentiment and aesthetic taste. "Wen Xin Diao Long Yin Zhi" mentioned: "The husband who wrote the article was moved to resign, and the viewer wore the article into the artistic conception." The former emphasizes that "emotion" is the source of writing, while the latter emphasizes that "emotion" is the realm that reading should enter. "Writing carries Tao" has existed since ancient times.
3. To enlighten aesthetic taste, we should play the role of Chinese teaching materials.
Chinese teaching material is a diversified and multi-level aesthetic system, which brings together masterpieces from ancient and modern China and foreign countries, reflects the aesthetic taste and cultural accomplishment of different times, different countries and different nationalities, or beats the pulse of the times, or is full of vitality, or expresses the author's eager yearning for beautiful things, or exposes decadent and ugly social phenomena, all of which pour the author's strong feelings. Looking at the sea, feelings overflow in the sea; It is also true that "goods are emotional in things", and teachers can cultivate their good aesthetic taste and noble moral feelings imperceptibly with the help of the powerful artistic appeal of the text. Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet who "searched up and down", Wen Tianxiang, who endured humiliation and had lofty aspirations, and Lu You, who was so modest that he forgot his national worries, were all figures worshipped by students. Teachers can take this opportunity to cultivate students' sense of social responsibility and patriotism. The "beauty of human nature" and "beauty of human feelings" emitted by A Bowl of Yangchun Noodles, Dayan River-My Nanny and Parting Feelings make students feel the value of human feelings. Mount Tai in the Rain, plum rain pool's Green and Three Gorges of the Yangtze River show the beauty of nature, which can stimulate students' good feelings of loving the mountains and rivers of the motherland.
4. Enlighten aesthetic taste through the magnificence of nature.
We know that the beauty of natural scenery is the most universal and attractive beauty, so students should have the opportunity to get close to nature. Students' personal experience of nature can be organically combined with lyric prose describing natural beauty in textbooks, so as to cultivate and establish students' comfortable temperament and healthy aesthetic taste. Tianshan scenery is good at conception and description. The natural scenery and folk customs with frontier characteristics described in this paper are most likely to arouse readers' emotional and spiritual pleasure. The towering snow peaks, lush green virgin forests, colorful wild flowers and charming summer pastures are vividly in my mind. Climbing Mount Tai in the Rain expresses the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland by describing the scenery of Mount Tai in the rain. The "Wonder of Mount Tai", the misty clouds in Shan Lan in the rain, the ink-like mountains and rivers, the rushing flying spring waterfall, the shape close at hand, and the sound in the ear bring students infinite aesthetic feeling, arouse students' emotional voice, integrate the author's feelings with the students' feelings, and naturally enter a pleasant reading environment. Who says we don't have good works? Who says we don't understand aesthetics? The key is to discover beauty and cultivate feelings and interests in beauty.
5. Carry forward the past and inherit civilization.
Xunzi said, "You don't know the height of the sky unless you climb the mountain." Do not face the abyss, do not know the thickness of the land. "I don't pursue history, and I don't know all kinds of magnificence, brilliance, beauty and profundity in the world, as well as those epic and eternal. If people don't know that history can only "drift with the flow", where can it "cover the dry Kun" and "intercept the middle stream"? The spiritual history of the people of China has its indelible characteristics in the world history, and the resulting spiritual products will be as eternal as the creation of any nation. At first, the spirit of China people developed along the secular road, and all aspects of their spiritual life showed a high degree of unity, which made it difficult for them to split internally. This is probably the biggest feature of China culture. Our rich heritage of thousands of years, bronze art, coquettish tradition, Wei and Jin demeanor, sculptures of the Six Dynasties, poems, calligraphy and prose of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, romanticism of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, meticulous aesthetic theory and temperament cultivation have laid a solid foundation for us to inherit and carry forward Chinese civilization with the times in the tide of reform.
It is really impossible to have a bird's eye view in such a short space. I can only say one thing, that is, from now on, from primary school students, cultivate their aesthetic taste and consciousness to meet the 2 1 century.