The purpose of mental health education in primary schools is to help primary school students understand and accept themselves, improve their adaptability to primary school life, develop good living habits and correct learning attitudes, and cultivate their healthy personality of being cheerful, enterprising, willing to learn, gregarious, confident, independent, pioneering and innovative. Combined with the educational research and practice of primary school mental health education in our city in recent years, we believe that to effectively carry out primary school mental health education, we should fully construct and optimize the educational environment according to the internal mechanism of primary school teaching and the characteristics of primary school students' own development.
First, let "mental health education" enter the "classroom"
Class is the main place for students to study and live, and of course it can also be the main place for mental health education. The head teacher of primary school, who is also a squadron counselor, grasps the pulse of students' thoughts every day and always pays attention to their physical and mental development. Therefore, class group psychological counseling with the head teacher as the main body can effectively integrate ideological and moral education, behavior habit education, scientific and cultural knowledge and skills education and mental health education into a "trinity" education, thus forming a relatively complete class group psychological counseling operation system that integrates curriculum teaching, daily work and activities at the field level, and interacts with individual education.
The main functions of the operating system are:
1. Integrate into class collective construction
The head teacher should be good at developing students' individual psychology by guiding all students to form a class collective goal: this goal aims to establish a correct collective public opinion cohesion, enhance excellent moral sentiments, advocate a good class atmosphere, and carry forward a healthy and upward spirit. Because a good class collective construction can beautify the collective life, inspire all students, make the collective like a melting pot, and influence and influence every student in the class.
2. Enrich class activities
Only with activities can there be vitality, vitality and development. Infiltrating psychological counseling into class activities is not only the innovation and development of class activities, but also improves the quality of counseling. By integrating mental health education into class activities, students can get psychological practice and development in colorful and pleasant practical activities, which is a more natural and perfect practice and development.
3. Develop class culture
Classes are the main space for students to study, live and communicate with each other on campus. Making full use of this space and actively creating and developing a healthy class culture can form a good psychological atmosphere and play a very important role in cultivating and instilling hidden education. The construction of class culture should fully display the personality and specialty of middle school students in the class and give full play to the wisdom and strength of each student.
4. Optimize class management
The purpose of optimizing class management is to promote the development of each student. Create a good educational environment through class management, fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of each student, and restrain, restrict and suppress people as little as possible. To optimize class management, we should cultivate democratic consciousness in the implementation of democratic management; Cultivate students' autonomy in self-management; Cultivate students' emotions in emotional management; We should develop intangible management in tangible management.
5. Build a joint force of class education.
The class is not closed, and the psychological, moral and cultural qualities of each student in the class are formed and developed under the comprehensive influence of many factors, such as inside and outside the class, inside and outside the school, intentionally or unintentionally, tangible and intangible. Therefore, the head teacher needs to make full use of all kinds of educational forces inside and outside the class, including family and society, and all kinds of effective educational resources inside and outside the school to form "the whole society cares about education" and care about the growth and development of students.
It depends on the wisdom and skills of the head teacher to establish an integrated class education and conduct psychological counseling together.
6. Create a good class atmosphere
Class atmosphere is a stable, complete and distinctive collective atmosphere. Class spirit needs to be formed based on the ideology, morality and style of most students in the class, and it needs a long time to cultivate. Once formed, it can produce a more positive, stable, healthy and upward force for everyone in the class, which is internal, invisible and activated. Establishing a good class spirit can create a beautiful time and space for each student's physical and mental development and summon a vigorous force.
Second, let "mental health education" become a kind of "campus culture"
Campus culture is diverse, and the construction of campus cultural position is a basic materialized project. To make "mental health education" a kind of "campus culture", we must first build a basic project. This basic project can not only make full use of some existing facilities in the school, but also continuously develop new activity positions, such as:
1. Let the walls, windows, blackboards and gardens on campus become "silent psychological counseling teachers".
2. With the development of the school's gardening, we will continue to build "happy gardens", "comfortable galleries", "heart-to-heart pavilions" and "heart rooms".
3. Form a "one-stop" service for campus students' psychological consultation: psychological mailbox-psychological hotline (telephone, website); Heart language guide (red scarf radio, red scarf TV station, campus network)-Heart language hut (psychological consultation room, psychological measurement room).
In the construction of these positions, the "happy garden" and "heart-to-heart hut" should really have the function of "happy hut", so that students who want psychological help can feel happy, experience happiness, release their troubles and eliminate them; Get happy self-help, mutual help and other help from it. The "psychological hotline" should be continuously extended and unblocked to become a "broadband network". It is the link between teachers and students or class teachers-students-parents. Through "psychological contact card", home visit, parents coming to school, communication between teachers and students, telephone, online contact, email, etc. , regular or irregular, two or three parties, individual or collective combination of locality and individuality. The "psychological hotline" pays attention to confidentiality, respect for privacy and respect for personality. It is also conducive to the synchronization of school education and family education and the formation of educational synergy.
Third, let "mental health education" form a "main activity"
Students are the main body of learning and mental health education activities. In order to make primary school mental health education a novel and rich "campus culture", we must fully let students live in this cultural world. In practice, many schools have carried out various subjective activities of mental health education for primary school students.
1. Psychological education activity class
The activity class of psychological education is a lively and interactive activity centered on students, organized by the class teacher and attended by all teachers and students. Activity classes can be carried out in class meetings, team activities, scientific and technological cultural and sports activities, weekly meetings and morning meetings, and can be incorporated into school-based curriculum construction if conditions permit. According to needs, it can be arranged indoors and outdoors, inside and outside the school. Activity class embodies the characteristics of subjectivity, practicality, systematicness, organization and diversity. Through games, discussions, analysis, observation, speeches, performances, sketches, training and tests, the aim is to develop and improve students' psychological quality and conduct psychological training. The psychological activity class has clear objectives, careful preparation, clear content, specific steps and proper skills. The design of psychological activity plan should be carefully handled according to the reality, class, development trend and prevention requirements of primary school students.
2. Xinyu Salon
Heart talk salon is similar to several psychological activity classes. In contrast, the number of participants is small, generally around 8 ~ 12. The form of activities is relatively simple, relaxed and flexible, and the activities are usually held after class, at night or on weekends. The choice of venues is also very free, including teachers and students' homes. The theme of the activity is also more concentrated, and the participants are more specific, such as the head teacher or class, team cadres, students from single-parent families, poor students, or students with certain psychological problems, and organize a salon activity for one goal. Heart to heart salon pays more attention to spiritual communication, emotional experience, deepening understanding and acquiring knowledge.
3. Psychological education tabloid
Psychological education tabloids can be "handwritten newspapers" run by primary school students, and there can be one or more copies in the class. They can also open columns in class wall newspapers and blackboard newspapers. The psychological education tabloid is written and run by students, aiming to let students communicate their inner world, introduce mental health knowledge and discuss their psychological problems. Class psychological education tabloids can "go out" of the class, communicate with other classes, and combine with school radio and small TV stations to enrich campus media and campus cultural content. As a psychological tabloid, twins can also use the function of artistic expression and appreciation to run psychological pictorial and psychological cartoon to improve the effect of psychological education.
4. Operation Heart Breeding Eagle
Young Eagle Action is a form of Young Pioneers' educational activities. On this basis, the Young Eagle Action focuses on moral practice, social practice, giving love to send warm and other activities among primary school students, so that students can encourage each other, help each other, care about each other, learn from each other and make progress together.
5. Psychodrama
Psychological dramas include psychological children's dramas, psychological sketches, psychological story meetings, psychological training exercises, etc. The material of psychological drama comes from students. The writing, editing, acting, watching and evaluating of psychological drama are all based on students, and teachers mainly play the roles of support, help, guidance and organization. At the same time, teachers can also participate in activities with students, or let teachers play the role of students. This kind of performance, which is deeply loved by students, has an entertaining "teaching" function.
6. Diary of the Mind
Combine primary school students' diaries with weekly diaries, and encourage students to write "heart diaries" (weekly diaries). "Heart-to-heart Diary" has students' psychological catharsis and resolution, as well as psychological cognition and perception; It is a "mirror" that can reflect students' inner world, a "window" that can show students' mental health development and a "ladder" for students' healthy progress. By browsing the students' "mind diaries" (provided that the students are willing to provide them voluntarily), the class teacher can connect the students' "pulse", carry out dialogues and exchange thoughts and feelings.
7. "from the heart"
"Heart-to-heart talk" means that the class teacher takes the initiative to psychologically impact the students. The head teacher's "heartfelt words" can appear in the comments on the revision of students' exercise books; Can appear in the "student quality report" conduct opinions; Can appear in the "home-school contact card"; It can also be a "heartfelt" card specially set by the teacher (the card made by the teacher is better). "Confident words" should seize the opportunity, such as when students praise and reward, when difficulties are frustrated, when they are sad, when students are born, when they graduate from school, and so on. Choose the right temperature and grasp the temperature; Hit the key and cause vibration. "Words from the heart" should emphasize emotions and literary forms, which can be poems, famous sayings, calligraphy and painting. It can be a small handicraft. In a word, it can activate students with "beauty" and "love", make them shine in their hearts and become the "treasure" that students are eager to obtain.
The construction of "campus culture", whether hardware or software, is endless. In particular, "software development" embodies the innovation and wisdom of teachers. Similarly, the "campus culture" including mental health education is an inexhaustible treasure house. Every teacher is a developer, builder and creator.