Pathology and analysis of benign prostatic hyperplasia The pathological prostate is divided into two layers: the inner layer is the mucosa and submucosal glands around the urethra; The outer layer is the prostate. The latter constitutes the main body of the prostate, and a fibrous membrane separates the two layers. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) mainly occurs in the inner layer, that is, the interstitial space of the posterior urethra from the bladder neck to the seminal vesicle, which is now called the transitional zone and can be seen under the microscope. There is mild hyperplastic tissue in the glandular stroma, and the structure is mainly hyperplastic connective tissue and smooth muscle, and there are enlarged glandular sacs and hyperplastic glandular duct epithelium protruding into the sac cavity in a papillary manner, forming mixed nodules of interstitial gonad-like tissue. According to the ratio of interstitial tissue to glandular tissue, many cases of prostatic hyperplasia are divided into two types. Fibromuscular gland type presses outward, the nodules are large and soft, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and the glands are small and hard, which makes the external prostate gradually become a thin fibrous gland pseudocapsule. Because it is obviously separated from hyperplasia, it is easy to remove nodules from this membrane during surgery, so it is also called gene surgery capsule www.qlx16.cn/qlxzs/092s522009.html in clinical system.
Prostatic hyperplasia causes bladder neck obstruction, bladder contraction overcomes neck resistance, and makes detrusor compensatory hypertrophy and trabecular process. With the increase of bladder internal pressure, bladder mucosa can bulge outward from the weak points between muscle bundles, forming diverticulum bladder neck obstruction. If it continues to deteriorate, urine will remain in the bladder to varying degrees. With the increase of residual urine, the bladder wall will gradually become thinner, which will make the physiological valve formed by the lower end of the ureter obliquely penetrating the muscle layer of the bladder wall fail. Urine in the bladder will flow back to the ureter and renal pelvis, causing hydronephrosis on both sides, increasing the internal pressure of renal pelvis, causing ischemic atrophy of renal parenchyma, causing renal dysfunction, and eventually leading to uremia.