Treitz ligament, also known as duodenal suspensory ligament, has a bundle of myofibrillar cords connected to the duodenal jejunum curve from the right corner of diaphragm downward, fixing the duodenal jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall. Treitz ligament is an important sign to confirm the origin of jejunum.
The upper digestive tract consists of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum.
1. Oral cavity: It consists of lips, cheeks, palate, teeth, tongue and oral glands. After the mouth is stimulated by food, the glands in the mouth secrete saliva, and the chewed food is mixed with saliva, which passes through the esophagus by the lubricity of saliva, and amylase in saliva can partially decompose carbohydrates.
2、? Pharyngeal: It is the same passage of respiratory tract and digestive tract. The pharynx can be divided into three parts: nasopharynx (part), oropharynx (part) and laryngopharynx (part) according to the passage with nasal cavity, mouth and throat. The main function of pharynx is to complete the complex reflex action of swallowing.
3. Esophagus (esophagus): Esophagus is a long muscle tube with a total length of about 25 ~ 30 cm. There are three narrow parts in the esophagus, which are easy to retain foreign bodies and are also the prone parts of esophageal cancer. The main function of esophagus (passage) is to transport food into the stomach, and secondly, it can prevent air from entering the esophagus when breathing and prevent stomach contents from flowing back to the esophagus (passage).
4. Stomach: It is divided into cardia, fundus, body and antrum. The total capacity of the stomach is about 1000 ~ 3000 ml. There are a large number of glands in the mucosa of the stomach wall, which can secrete gastric juice. Gastric juice is acidic, and the pH value (pH) usually fluctuates between pH 2.0 and pH 3.0, sometimes reaching pH 1.0. ? [1] The main components of gastric acid are hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, digestive enzymes, mucin and so on. Gastric juice has many functions, mainly to digest food, kill bacteria in food, protect gastric mucosa, lubricate food, and make food pass through the stomach easily.
5. Duodenum: the initial part of the small intestine. The length is equivalent to the width of my twelve fingers (about 25 ~ 30 cm), hence the name. The duodenum is C-shaped and surrounds the head of the pancreas. It can be divided into four parts: upper part, descending part, lower part and ascending part. Its main function is to secrete mucus and stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile in the pancreas, and it is an important digestive place in protein.
The lower digestive tract consists of jejunum, ileum and large intestine.
1, jejunum, ileum: The jejunum starts from the duodenum and connects with ileum, which connects with cecum. There is no obvious boundary between jejunum and ileum. The length of jejunum accounts for 2/5 of the total length, and the length of ileum accounts for 3/5, both of which belong to the small intestine. The main function of jejunum and ileum is to digest and absorb food.
2. Large intestine: The large intestine is the lower segment of the digestive tract, including cecum, appendix, colon and rectum. The adult large intestine is 1.5 m long, starting from the ileum, and the whole process is box-shaped and surrounds the jejunum and ileum. The main function of the large intestine is to further absorb water and electrolytes, and to form, store and excrete feces.
Extended data
Precautions for indigestion diet
1, every fruit and vegetable is indispensable, and indigestion often occurs, mostly due to slow gastrointestinal peristalsis, so at this time, it is only necessary to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis to alleviate the symptoms of indigestion. Experts pointed out that all kinds of fresh vegetables and fruits contain a lot of crude fiber, which can not only promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, but also improve gastrointestinal digestion. For example, apples, bananas, papaya, lemons and so on all contain a lot of crude fiber.
There are many kinds of vegetables containing crude fiber, such as eggplant, wax gourd, tomato and carrot. These foods are rich in crude fiber and are very effective for indigestion caused by various reasons.
2, avoid glutinous rice, indigestion patients must pay special attention in daily life, that is, try to eat less indigestible food, such as glutinous rice. Some people with recurrent digestive disorders must be forbidden to eat glutinous rice. The reason why glutinous rice is difficult to digest is because it contains a lot of dextrin, which is sticky and has little expansibility and is difficult to digest after eating. Therefore, people with indigestion eat glutinous rice for a long time to avoid getting worse.
There are many indigestible foods in life, such as fried food and barbecue food, which are not only difficult to digest, but also may damage the health of gastric mucosa.
3, avoid flatulence food, for patients with indigestion for various reasons, during the illness, we should also pay attention to some foods that are easy to cause flatulence. These foods are very harmful to patients, such as dried beans, onions, potatoes, potatoes, sweets and so on. These foods are many people's favorite foods in daily life, but they must be taboo for patients. This kind of food will not only lead to more serious digestive disorders, but also affect the transportation and transformation of the stomach.
In addition, we should pay special attention to some foods that are easy to get angry, such as melon seeds, fried chicken legs and French fries. These foods will not only lead to indigestion, but may even lead to dry stools.
4, supercooled food, some supercooled foods are not conducive to the digestion and absorption of the stomach, and some overheated foods, both of which will stimulate or burn the gastric mucosa. Supercooled foods include ice cream, iced drinks, alcohol, iced coffee, and some foods that have just been taken out of the refrigerator. If eaten immediately, it will cause vasoconstriction and ischemia of gastric mucosa, thus hindering normal digestion and absorption.
Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Digestive Tract