Living environment is the most important living space for human beings. With the development of economy and society and the progress of human beings, the "people-oriented" living environment has gradually entered life. This paper discusses the basic ideas and methods of humanization in landscape environment design through humanized design of residential space landscape environment.
[Keywords:] Humanization; Residential area; landscape design
First, the status quo of residential landscape
The history of landscape development in China has been several thousand years, but it has only been adapted to modern landscape research for more than 40 years. Therefore, many people have a superficial understanding of garden landscape, thinking that garden is just planting flowers and grass, digging lakes and piling mountains, and controlling water. After the reform and opening up, many people have the opportunity to go abroad and see geometrically symmetrical gardens and large open lawns in Europe, so European-style and lawn-style residential quarters are constantly emerging. With the vigorous development of real estate, China garden style and European style prevail in residential quarters, but these garden landscapes often pay attention to form rather than function, without considering the humanity space and functional space of residential quarters.
Second, understand the needs of residents.
Of course, the residential design of humanized space must first understand the behavior needs and living habits of residents. The living environment is created for people and designed to meet people's needs. A Maslow, president of the American Psychological Association, put forward the hierarchy of needs in his book Motivation and Personality. He believes that people's needs have different levels from low to high, from material to spiritual: physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, self-esteem needs and self-realization needs.
Physiological and safety needs refer to the basic needs of human survival, such as clothing, food, shelter, transportation, personal safety and labor safety. Love, belonging and self-esteem
Demand refers to people's psychological needs, including social interaction, status, tradition and culture; Self-realization is the need of people's high-level development, including the meaning of life, self-satisfaction, the pursuit of personality style and so on. Of course, different people have different levels of needs, and this demand has different performances at different times, places and places. In the environmental construction of residential areas, it is necessary to meet the various needs of residents and make the environment have some basic characteristics.
(1) security
Safety is the first condition for human survival. Without security, other features are out of the question. The security of living environment is manifested in daily safety system, disaster prevention system, anti-theft system and so on.
(2) Health
The health indicators of living environment include air, sunshine, noise, environment and civil affairs, which are closely related to people's health. The air in the living environment should be kept fresh and natural to prevent the depth of various harmful gases and substances from exceeding the standard. At the same time, health also needs complete facilities and space to guide healthy body and mind and meet residents' demand for physical exercise.
(3) Comfort
The comfort of living environment refers to the use and visual experience. Comfort, including whether all kinds of facilities are created and used reasonably according to the principles of ergonomics, and whether the space to meet human activities is created from the perspective of environmental psychology; Visual comfort should meet the traditional living habits of residents in different regions and their cognition of environmental landscape characteristics.
(4) Accessibility
Accessibility ensures the use efficiency and effect of various functions of human settlements, and the selectivity of accessibility embodies the goal of social equity and diversified demand. The level of channel space determines the nature and level of the channel. In a private space, the access level is low, the traffic is weak, and the accessibility is small.
(5) identifiability
Residents are the main body of the living environment, and they require the environment to be recognizable, so that residents can distinguish their own houses and their position and direction in the spatial environment, and then master the composition and organization rules of the environment, and reach their desired positions and participate in their desired activities in the best way according to the needs of different times and occasions. To strengthen the recognition, it is necessary to give the external space a visually distinct personality.
(6) Territorial nature
The living environment is different from the general public environment, with strong regional requirements and various levels. The concept of space put forward by American scholar Scar Newman holds that all kinds of human activities need suitable fields. He attributed the living environment to the requirement of possession and control of the space environment, which consists of four levels: public space, semi-public space, semi-private space and private space. He believes that the field is fixed in space and does not move with the movement of people.
(7) Diversity
The requirement of diversity is based on different people's age, occupation, preference, cultivation, culture and other factors, and it is in a dynamic process of continuous development and change. There is no fixed pattern for the creation of space and the design of facilities. China's gardening art is called "there is no case for gardening, and there is a reason for borrowing scenery", which means that there is no need for a fixed pattern and method, and the landscape should be organized according to local conditions, so that all kinds of scenery can be used by me.
(8) Harmony
Various elements of the external environment should achieve harmony and unity, so as to avoid conflicts and oppositions between elements of different forms, styles and colors. At the same time, environmental elements constitute space as entities, and space is the protagonist. All elements need to limit their improper exaggeration with the overall interests of environmental harmony, so as to make their respective priorities clear, and jointly build a coordinated and unified environmental landscape.
(9) Continuity
In the landscape space of residential environment, we should pay attention to the perspectives and activities of residents in different time, space and orientation, carry out all-round landscape design, and strive to create different and continuous effects, especially pay attention to the coordination of rhythm, form, color and space.
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(10) Cultural nature
The cultural nature of the living environment is reflected in the regionality and the times. We should fully consider the characteristics of traditional life style, find the point of convergence with modern living space environment, and express our understanding of tradition and modernity in different ways from the aspects of space form, scale, color and interface details, so as to continue the cultural context.
(1 1) Ecology
It is human nature to return to nature and be close to nature. It is also the basic requirement of living environment to introduce natural mountains, water and greening to simulate natural scenery. The ecological living environment can arouse residents' beautiful emotional sustenance, and only when people coexist with nature can they experience eternal truth. The philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature" is the highest realm of beauty.
Third, the place to return to human nature. Where to find the story
After satisfying some basic characteristics of the environment, we began to consider what a humanized residential area is. When design is for life, for people's inner experience, when designers become insiders and integrate into local people's lives, when design objects have functions and meanings, we can return to the place of humanity and find the place of that story. Therefore, in landscape design, as designers, we should:
1. Understand human nature. As a natural person and a social person, what do people need? People need to communicate and are afraid of loneliness; Need exercise, need to sit down and rest; People can't live without water, and people love to play with fire; Love to pick and catch; Need shelter from the wind and rain, need to look at others and not be seen by others; People need territory and space of moderate scale; People need a sense of security, and people need challenges; I like to take a smooth road, but sometimes I like wading, walking and crossing obstacles and bridges. At the same time, people should communicate, fall in love and be concerned, and at the same time, they should like to pay attention to others. Therefore, places that need to be designed can give full play to human nature.
2. read the earth. Natural wind, water, rain and snow, the process of plant reproduction and animal movement, the process of disaster spread, etc. , are carved on the earth. Therefore, the earth will tell us where there can be trees and where there can be water abuse; The earth also tells us what patterns and forms are safe and healthy, so they are auspicious, and what patterns are dangerous and horrible, so they are fierce. At the same time, the landscape of the earth is a humanistic book: footprints and roads on the earth, doors and bridges, walls and fences, buildings and cities, as well as art and names on the earth, all tell the love and hate of people, people and nature, human past, present and even future. Therefore, reading the earth is to know nature, and more importantly, to know people themselves.
3. Experience life. Experience the local lifestyle and habits, local values. If you don't sit under the riverside forest in Dujiangyan for a day, you don't understand why Chengdu is considered as the most leisurely city in China. If you don't take a taxi on the streets of Beijing, you won't understand the significance of Beijing as a "political center"; If you don't walk on the streets of Wenzhou. You don't know what "everyone's business" means. Only by understanding the life of the local people can there be a public space design that conforms to the life of the local people.
4. Listen to this story. Stories originate from local people's lives and local history, so it is necessary to listen to future local users telling stories about the land under their feet, and at the same time dig deep into and read the natural and human history of this place, whether in kind or in words. From this, we can understand the local spirit: an internal force from the local natural process and humanistic process is the driving force and reason behind the design form, and it is also the essential attribute of the place expressed and embodied by the design. This design belongs to the local people, their lives, and of course to the local natural and historical process.
5. Retrieve childhood memories. Childhood is the best and happiest time in most people's lives, and most people have experienced the same childlike interest. Some traces of childhood memories are incorporated into the design to remind residents of their childhood, which is also a manifestation of humanized design of garden landscape in residential areas.
In short, to create humanized residential landscape, we should conform to the laws of nature, follow the principles of ecology, excavate and endow the unique concept and spirit of specific landscape in specific residential areas, pursue the maximization of natural, social and economic benefits, and strive to achieve "harmony between man and nature".
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