Problem description:
What matters should elderly patients with chronic bronchitis pay attention to in winter?
Analysis:
Chronic bronchitis refers to chronic nonspecific inflammation of trachea, bronchial mucosa and its surrounding tissues. Clinically, it is a chronic process of coughing, expectoration or wheezing, with repeated attacks. If the disease progresses slowly, it is often complicated with obstructive emphysema, even pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary heart disease. This is a common disease, especially for the elderly.
The cause of disease
The etiology is not completely clear, generally divided into two aspects: external cause and internal cause.
First, external causes:
1. Smoking.
2. Infection factors. Infection is an important factor in the occurrence and development of chronic bronchitis, mainly viral and bacterial infections.
3. Physical and chemical factors. Such as chronic smog, dust and air pollution, are usually one of the inducing factors of chronic bronchitis.
4. Climate. Cold is often an important cause and inducement of chronic bronchitis.
5. Allergic factors.
Second, the internal cause:
1. The local defense and immune function of respiratory tract decreased.
2. Vegetative nerve dysfunction.
Based on the above factors, when the body's resistance is weakened and the airway has different degrees of sensitivity (susceptibility), there are one or more external factors that can develop into chronic branches after repeated action for a long time.
symptom
The onset is slow, the course of disease is long, and the repeated acute attacks are aggravated. The main symptoms are chronic cough, expectoration and wheezing. Symptoms are mild at first, such as smoking, exposure to harmful gases, overwork, climate change or colds, which can cause acute attacks or aggravations. Or from upper respiratory tract infection to chronic bronchitis. The warming climate in summer can naturally be alleviated.
(1) Cough: Bronchial mucosa congestion, edema or secretion accumulation in bronchial cavity can all cause cough. The severity of cough depends on the condition. Generally, the cough is heavier in the morning, lighter during the day, and there are bouts of cough or expectoration before going to bed at night.
(2) expectoration: Due to the accumulation of sputum in the lumen after going to bed at night, it causes * * expectoration after getting up or after * * * changes, and more sputum is often discharged in the morning. Phlegm is generally white mucus or serous foam, and occasionally it may be bloody.
(3) wheezing or shortness of breath: asthmatic chronic bronchitis with bronchospasm can cause wheezing, often accompanied by wheezing. There was no shortness of breath in the early stage. Repeated attacks for several years, complicated with obstructive emphysema, may be accompanied by varying degrees of shortness of breath, wheezing after work or activities, and wheezing during activities in severe cases, making it difficult to take care of themselves.
cheque
X-ray examination: no abnormality in the early stage. In the late stage, the bilateral pulmonary veins are thickened and disordered, showing reticular or striped shadows, especially in the lower lung field.
Second, respiratory function examination: there is often no abnormality in the early stage. When the airway is narrow or blocked, the pulmonary function of obstructive ventilation dysfunction will appear.
Third, blood test: during the acute attack of chronic bronchitis or complicated with pulmonary infection, white blood cell count and neutrophil increase can be seen. The remission period is mostly unchanged.
Fourth, sputum examination.
treat cordially
According to the characteristics of etiology, disease stage and recurrent attack of chronic bronchitis, comprehensive measures of combining prevention and treatment are taken. In acute attack and chronic protracted period, infection control, expectorant and cough relieving should be the main measures. When accompanied by wheezing, spasmolysis and asthma should be treated. For the clinical remission period, it is advisable to strengthen exercise, enhance physical fitness, improve the body's resistance and prevent recurrence. Patients should be educated to quit smoking consciously to avoid and reduce various inducing factors.
First, the treatment of acute attack
(1) Controlling infection depends on the main pathogenic bacteria and severity of infection or selecting antibiotics according to the drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria. Mild patients can take orally, and severe patients can use intramuscular injection or intravenous drip of antibiotics. Commonly used penicillin G, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, quinolones and cephalosporins. If narrow-spectrum antibiotics can be used alone, broad-spectrum antibiotics should be avoided as far as possible to avoid double infection or drug-resistant strains.
(2) Patients with acute attack should be treated with expectorant and antitussive drugs to improve their symptoms. In particular, patients in protracted period should insist on taking medicine to eliminate symptoms. Commonly used drugs include ammonium chloride mixture, bromhexine, weijingning and so on. Chinese patent medicine also has a certain effect on relieving cough. For the elderly who are too weak to expectorate or have a large amount of sputum, expectoration should be the main way to help expel phlegm and clear the respiratory tract. Strong antitussive drugs such as codeine should be avoided. So as not to inhibit the center and aggravate airway obstruction and inflammation, leading to the deterioration of the disease.
(3) For spasmolysis and asthma, aminophylline and terbutaline are usually taken orally or inhalants such as salbutamol are used. If the airway is still blocked after using airway relaxants, corticosteroids and prednisone can be used 20-40 mg/d.
(4) Aerosol therapy Aerosol humidification inhalation or compound benzoin tincture can dilute the secretion in trachea, which is beneficial to expectoration. If the sputum is sticky and difficult to cough up, ultrasonic atomization inhalation is helpful at present, and antibiotics and sputum thinner can also be added.
Second, the treatment in remission.
Strengthen exercise, strengthen physical fitness and improve immune function. Qigong also plays a certain role in strengthening personal hygiene and avoiding contact and inhalation of various inducing factors. Cold-resistant exercise can prevent colds.
Diet conditioning of chronic bronchitis
Drink milk
Smokers with chronic bronchitis drink milk. People who smoke and drink milk are significantly less likely to suffer from chronic bronchitis than those who smoke but don't drink milk. Don't forget to drink milk if you have to smoke.
Drink more fruit and vegetable juice.
Fruit and vegetable juice has a good effect on chronic bronchitis. It can not only relieve cough and resolve phlegm, but also supplement vitamins and minerals, which is very beneficial to the rehabilitation of diseases. Raw radish, fresh lotus root and pear can be chopped into juice and mixed with honey. It has obvious curative effect on hot cough and dry cough of chronic bronchitis.
Eat more vegetables.
You can eat more vegetables and soy products in moderation every meal, such as white radish, carrot and green leafy vegetables.
Eat more food to relieve cough and asthma.
Eat more foods with the functions of relieving cough and asthma, resolving phlegm, warming lung and strengthening spleen, such as ginkgo, loquat, grapefruit, pumpkin, yam, chestnut, lily, kelp and laver.
Foods to be avoided
Avoid cold, salty, spicy, greasy, cigarettes, alcohol and other * * * items, so as not to aggravate the symptoms.
Don't rush to make up for it.
Crystal supplements such as ginseng and velvet antler should not be used in acute attacks or when phlegm is excessive and the tongue coating is greasy, otherwise the chest tightness and shortness of breath will be even worse and the condition will be aggravated.
herbal tea
① Stemona tea
Children with chronic bronchitis have a long course of disease, persistent cough and poor constitution. Therefore, in the treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine, diet conditioning is also an important part. Pay attention to the following aspects in diet:
(1) Food should be light: fresh vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, spinach, rape, radish, carrot, tomato, cucumber, wax gourd, etc., can not only supplement the supply of vitamins and inorganic salts, but also have the functions of resolving phlegm, removing fire and relaxing bowels; Soybeans and bean products contain high-quality protein needed by human body, which can supplement the nutrient loss caused by chronic tracheitis, without the disadvantages of phlegm accumulating fire.
(2) The child's cough lasts for a long time, which is harmful to healthy qi and weak lung and spleen. Therefore, foods with the functions of invigorating spleen and lung, kidney, regulating qi and resolving phlegm, such as pig, cattle, sheep, lung, loquat, orange, pear, lily, jujube, lotus seed, almond, walnut, honey, etc., are usually selected, which is helpful to strengthen physical fitness and improve symptoms.
(3) Do not eat oily seafood. Because "fish makes a fire, meat produces phlegm", children with chronic bronchitis should eat less yellow croaker, hairtail, shrimp, crab and fat to avoid helping the fire produce phlegm.
(4) Do not eat * * * food: spicy things such as pepper, pepper, garlic, onion and leek can aggravate the symptoms; The seasoning of dishes should not be too salty or too sweet, and the hot and cold should be moderate.
Stemona Stemona 100g, honey 500g and clear water 5000mg are used. Stemona Stemona is first decocted with clear water to 1000ml, and the residue is filtered off. Then honey is added and slowly boiled into a paste, each time 1 ~ 2 tablespoons, and taken after meals, three times a day. It is very effective in treating chronic bronchitis with chronic cough.
② Ganoderma tea
Take 20 grams of Ganoderma lucidum and decoct it continuously for 3 days, which has obvious effect of relieving cough and eliminating phlegm, and can relieve tracheal smooth muscle spasm.
What should chronic bronchitis diet avoid?
Children with chronic bronchitis have a long course of disease, persistent cough and poor constitution. Therefore, in the treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine, diet conditioning is also an important part. Pay attention to the following aspects in diet:
(1) Food should be light: fresh vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, spinach, rape, radish, carrot, tomato, cucumber, wax gourd, etc., can not only supplement the supply of vitamins and inorganic salts, but also have the functions of resolving phlegm, removing fire and relaxing bowels; Soybeans and bean products contain high-quality protein needed by human body, which can supplement the nutrient loss caused by chronic tracheitis, without the disadvantages of phlegm accumulating fire.
(2) The child's cough lasts for a long time, which is harmful to healthy qi and weak lung and spleen. Therefore, foods with the functions of invigorating spleen and lung, kidney, regulating qi and resolving phlegm, such as pig, cattle, sheep, lung, loquat, orange, pear, lily, jujube, lotus seed, almond, walnut, honey, etc., are usually selected, which is helpful to strengthen physical fitness and improve symptoms.
(3) Do not eat oily seafood. Because "fish makes a fire, meat produces phlegm", children with chronic bronchitis should eat less yellow croaker, hairtail, shrimp, crab and fat to avoid helping the fire produce phlegm.
(4) Do not eat * * * food: spicy things such as pepper, pepper, garlic, onion and leek can aggravate the symptoms; The seasoning of dishes should not be too salty or too sweet, and the hot and cold should be moderate.