General situation of health management
Since the 1960s, health management, which originated from nutritionists in Europe and America, has gradually emerged as a new discipline and industry direction, and has been praised and improved continuously. At present, 7 out of every 65,438+00 Europeans and Americans have their own health management services, especially for families with upper-middle economic level, which is the most important for children's health management, because it can help children establish a higher health level at an early stage and reduce the occurrence of diseases and physical disadvantages. Now, health management has formed a perfect system, and more and more health guidance is being improved, which greatly reduces the cost of treatment and has achieved effective results.
Detailed explanation of health management
The World Health Organization has issued a scientific announcement to the whole world: "Among the factors that make people drink healthily and live longer, genetic factors account for 15.6%, social factors account for 10.3%, medical conditions account for 8.5%, weather and climate conditions account for 6. 1%, and the remaining 60% factors depend entirely on their own health level." It can be understood that everyone can. Health management is a new concept of active health management. In the early stage of life, good health management will lay a solid foundation for the health level of life.
Health management is a health management scheme specially designed according to the problems and influencing factors of human or individual health, which has the advanced level of scientific program medicine. It uses all kinds of health medical resources to eliminate the risk factors that are not conducive to health, reasonably guide individuals or groups to gradually change unreasonable and unhealthy lifestyles, bad habits and psychological factors, effectively prevent or intervene the treatment factors of chronic diseases, and help children, adolescents and adults successfully and effectively establish a strong self-health barrier, improve happiness index and health level, and prolong high-quality life.
Child health management
It mainly refers to the participation of children's health management experts (experts in pediatrics, child health care, child psychology and child education) and the interaction with children, parents, kindergartens, schools and society. Through the investigation and supervision of children's physique, neuropsychological development, lifestyle, behavior habits and psychological state, aiming at children's sub-health and bad living habits, we can find and put forward personalized and all-round children's health plan in time.
Children's health management should be oriented to the grassroots and popularize "appropriate" technologies.
The main contents include three aspects:
1. Physical development management
2. Sub-health management of chronic diseases
3. Management of children's psychological and spiritual development
Four elements of health management
1. detection; 2. evaluation; 3. Intervention; 4. tracking.
In European and American countries, children's health management generally begins before delivery and will last until the end of children's adolescence.
The content includes four parts: preventive immunization, disease screening, disease risk factor identification and health education.
Once the mother is pregnant, the government will make a personal health care plan for her. After the child is born, parents will receive a "child health plan", that is, regardless of whether the child is sick or not, parents must take the child to a detailed physical examination at the specified time. Usually pediatricians will ask parents about their children's "living habits" (such as sleeping, physical exercise, watching TV, personal hygiene, etc.). ), then point out the children's problems and make suggestions according to these situations.
Children's nutritional needs planning
The viewpoint of "nutrition programming" advocated by nutritionists is mainly aimed at various injuries, stimuli or nutritional levels in early life, which will promote organ development and cause some abnormal physiological functions or metabolic levels, but once these factors are "programmed", permanent changes will occur.
Experts point out that this is a key "window period" in the early stage of fetus and baby. In the 1 year after the baby is born, especially in the first six months after birth, the baby's growth and development are mainly regulated by nutrition, so establishing a good nutrition plan at an early stage will have a long-term or lifelong impact on the body. In the baby's critical "window period", scientific and reasonable nutritional intervention will increase the number and development level of cells in various organs of the body, such as the number of cells in the brain, heart and pancreas; However, after the critical "window period" of nutritional intervention, the number of baby's parenchymal organs will not increase, but will only increase the cell volume. However, after the "window period" of nutritional intervention, excess heat and energy will be generated and converted into fat, leading to insulin resistance and obesity.
Early malnutrition in the baby will lead to growth retardation; Neurological prognosis is poor; Adult chronic diseases and other adverse consequences. Therefore, the early nutrition of infants is very important, which will directly affect the quality of life of adults. Therefore, children's health management should start from infants, and parents must pay attention to it!