Senior crew members are divided into management level and operation level.
Management level: captain, chief engineer, first mate, second engineer, political commissar [domestic only].
Operation level: the second pair, the second tube wheel, the third pair, the third tube wheel, and some also include electrical engineers.
Ordinary seafarers are also called support classes.
Sun Bo, mechanic, Yishui, Ershui, mechanic, etc. , including chefs, clerks, etc.
First, the ship organization system
Ocean-going freighters are generally over 10,000 tons, and the crew of the whole ship is generally 19-24. In addition to the captain and political commissar, there are 8 senior crew members, 10 ordinary crew members and 2 chefs. The crew organization system is divided into deck department and engine department. There is a clear division of posts within each department.
1, deck department. Mainly responsible for cargo stowage, loading and unloading equipment and navigation, hull maintenance and cargo storage during ship operation; The driving equipment of the supervisor includes navigation instruments, signal equipment, navigation books and communication equipment; Responsible for the management of life-saving, fire-fighting and plugging equipment; General maintenance of main cabin, anchor, mooring line and loading and unloading equipment; Responsible for the use and treatment of cargo hold system and fresh water, ballast water and sewage system outside the cabin.
2. Engine Department. Mainly responsible for the management, use and maintenance of main engine, boiler, auxiliary engine and various electromechanical equipment; Be responsible for the management and maintenance of the whole ship's power system.
3. Department of Affairs. Mainly responsible for the catering, life service and financial work of the whole crew.
Second, the responsibility of the crew on board.
Personnel responsibilities can be divided into three levels:
1, management
⑴ Captain: The captain is the leader of the ship, responsible for the safe transportation, production and management of the ship, and responsible to the company manager. The main work includes leading the crew to implement national policies, laws and regulations and various instructions and regulations issued by the company; Complete transportation and production tasks with high quality and in an all-round way, ensure the safety of ships, lives and property to the maximum extent, and give full play to the role of normal navigation of ships and cargo transportation; Strictly abide by international conventions and regional regulations and undertake due international obligations; In an emergency, handle everything decisively and safely.
(2) First mate: presiding over the daily work of the deck, assisting the captain in safety production and ship navigation, and serving as navigation duty; Responsible for cargo handling, transportation and maintenance of the deck department; Be responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of various work plans of the deck department; Responsible for the preparation of cargo stowage plan and maintenance plan; Preside over safety month activities and related safety work.
⑶ Chief Engineer: He is the technical chief in charge of machinery, electric power and electrical equipment of the whole ship. Be fully responsible for the production and administrative management of the engine department; Check the implementation of various rules and regulations of the engine department and keep all kinds of equipment in good technical condition.
(4) Chief Engineer: Under the leadership of the Chief Engineer, participate in the engine room duty and maintain the normal working order of the engine room; Responsible for the use and maintenance of propulsion devices and additional equipment, boilers, lubrication and cooling, fuel oil, starting air, overweight power and emergency devices.
2. Operation level
(1) Second mate: perform duty duties as stipulated in navigation and berthing; Responsible for the correct use and daily maintenance of driving equipment, including navigation instruments and steering gear; Responsible for navigation books, notices, daily management and correction, as well as the login of various records.
(2) Third officer: perform the duty duties stipulated in navigation and berthing; Responsible for the daily management and maintenance of life-saving and fire-fighting equipment.
(3) The second tube wheel: on duty, responsible for the use and maintenance of auxiliary machines and their auxiliary systems, emergency power generation system and fuel tank, barge pump, oil separator, air compressor, oil-water separation equipment and dirty oil tank.
(4) Three-tube turbine: on duty, responsible for auxiliary boilers and their auxiliary systems, various pumps, deck machinery, emergency equipment and various piping systems.
5] Attendant [Butler]: specifically responsible for the life service of the whole ship; Handle the relevant entry and exit procedures and related passenger transport work.
[6] Radio operator: responsible for the technical management of ship radio communication and radio navigation instruments and equipment.
3. Maintenance price
(1) Sun Bo: under the leadership of the first mate, he is responsible for carpenters and sailors; Do a good job in the maintenance of anchors, cables and handling equipment; Lead sailors in painting, sailing, flying, outboard, lifting, driving and other ship skills.
(2) Carpenter: engaged in carpentry and related navigation repair and maintenance work; Responsible for the operation and maintenance of windlass; Responsible for the measurement and maintenance of fresh water tank, ballast tank and vegetable oil tank.
⑶ First water: perform steering and navigation duties and daily maintenance of deck department.
(4) Secondary water supply: carry out various technological work for cables, gangways and decks.
5] Mechanic: under the leadership of the engineer, overhaul and maintain the machine room and mechanical equipment.
[6] Attendant (big desk): responsible for the hygiene of living places, the maintenance and reception of daily necessities.
(7) Chef: responsible for the catering of the crew.
Three. Questions and answers on seafarers' comprehensive knowledge
1, what is a sailor? Who is a sailor?
A: People who work on seagoing ships are collectively called seafarers. Seafarers are divided into senior seafarers and ordinary seafarers. Seafarers engaged in management work on board are called senior seafarers, also known as cadre seafarers. Including the captain, chief engineer, first mate, second mate, third mate, big tube wheel, second tube wheel and third tube wheel. Seafarers who assist senior seafarers in certain jobs on board are called ordinary seafarers, also known as workers' seafarers.
2. How to classify A-class, B-class and C-class seafarers?
A: Seafarers are usually divided into Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D according to their routes. A-class seafarers can sail around the world, also known as international seafarers; Class B seafarers can sail along the offshore areas such as Southeast Asia and are regional seafarers; Class c seafarers can sail in coastal navigation areas; Class d seafarers can sail in the inshore navigation area.
3. What are the seaman's certificates? What is the gold content of these certificates?
Answer: seaman's certificate, seaman's service book, certificate of competency and "four certificates" (ship fire fighting, first aid at sea, lifeboat and raft operation, and survival at sea); Seafarers should also obtain "three certificates" (radar observation radar simulator, automatic radar plotter, wireless telephone communication); Class A and B seafarers also have health certificates, international vaccination certificates, passports, etc. Special crew members shall obtain corresponding professional training certificates.
Seafarer's certificate has high gold content and strong universality, which is universal all over the world. So, with a seaman's certificate, you have a passport to all countries in the world. Boarding an international ocean-going ship can make you a navigator and realize your dream of traveling around the world.
4. What is the market demand of seafarers? Is employment guaranteed?
A: World trade mainly depends on shipping, so shipping is a sunrise industry. According to the survey report of BIMCO/ISF (International Transport Federation), "there is a global shortage of seafarers. On a global scale, there are currently about 654.38+0 million seafarers in the world, including 600,000 ordinary seafarers. " China is one of the countries with the longest shipping routes in the world, with a coastline of more than18,000 kilometers, and a great gap for seafarers. There is a shortage of seafarers abroad, and the demand for seafarers in the world is in short supply. At least in the next decade, seafarers will be able to get 100% employment.
Nowadays, the competition in the international shipping market is fierce, and seafarers' wages account for a large proportion of shipping expenses. The key to the huge difference in shipping expenditure costs among countries is the disparity in seafarers' wages. At present, developed countries such as Europe and America basically no longer use their own high-paid seafarers, but turn to low-paid seafarers with cheap labor in developing countries such as China and the Philippines, so that shipping companies can reduce costs and increase profits.
At present, the number of seafarers sent abroad in China is increasing at a double-digit rate every year. And with the rapid rise of China's economy, local shipping companies are also growing, so the demand for seafarers is particularly great. At present, the supply of graduates from shipping colleges is in short supply. Taking Zhejiang Communications Vocational and Technical College as an example, the employment rate of shipping graduates is 100%, and the supply-demand ratio is 1: 4.
5. Can seafarers become a profession? What are the career prospects?
A long time ago, seaman was a desirable profession. Any international sailor will strut his head. Sailors not only earn a lot of money, they can travel around the world, but also bring some imported goods to their homes from time to time, which is really enviable. Today, seafarers are still a good job: first, they adopt "order-based" training, and the employment rate of training is higher than that of any key university; Second, the professional income is high, and the training fee invested can be recovered within one year after boarding the ship; Third, the labor intensity is low, and the degree of automation of modern ships is high. Seafarers are mainly on duty and sitting in offices; Fourth, there are many opportunities for promotion. Ordinary crew members can be promoted to senior crew members until the captain (chief engineer).
6. Is it dangerous to work on a ship? What is the working environment on board?
A: Modern ships have advanced equipment, high level of informatization and strong collision avoidance and wind resistance. The accident rate of international shipping ships is 0.3%, which is far safer than land. Ocean-going ships are generally tens of meters wide and 100 meters long or even hundreds of meters long, and the working environment on board is very good.
7. What are the living conditions on board? What insurance does the shipowner pay for seafarers?
A: The living conditions on board are very good. Senior seafarers have bedrooms, offices, bathrooms, bathrooms, desks, wardrobes, sofas, refrigerators and so on. Ordinary seafarers have bedrooms, bathrooms, tables, wardrobes, sofas and so on. All video rooms, table tennis rooms, gyms, karaoke rooms, etc.
The crew are free of charge for food, clothing, housing and transportation. The standard meals are 12- 15 RMB/day for domestic routes and $ 4-6 USD/day for foreign routes. Bed sheets, soap, towels, washing powder, toilet paper and other daily necessities are also distributed free of charge.
Seafarers' companies generally pay endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance for seafarers; Working on a ship, the shipowner pays accident insurance for seafarers.
8. How long do seafarers work on the ship every day? How long does it take to go to sea every time?
A: Seafarers work on the ship for 8 hours every day. Generally work 8 to 10 months a year; The time of each voyage is determined according to the task and route.
9. How to arrange seafarers' holidays? How to solve the travel expenses?
A: Seafarers usually work for 8 to 10 months and arrange vacations for 2 to 4 months. When disembarking on public holidays, the company is responsible for reimbursement of round-trip travel expenses. Seafarers can also choose working hours and vacation time according to their own needs.
10. What is the current salary of seafarers?
Seafarers' salary generally includes basic salary, navigation allowance and service fee. These three incomes are stable. The exact amount will depend on the route and location. The current reference salary is as follows:
1, class c (coastal route)
Salary (monthly salary) of driving department and salary (monthly salary) of engine department.
Captain 10000- 16000 Yuan Chief Engineer 10000- 15000 Yuan.
The first mate is 8000- 12000 yuan and the second mate is 8000- 10000 yuan.
7000-9000 yuan for the second officer and 7000-9000 yuan for the second officer.
Three pairs of 5000-7000 yuan, three tube wheel 5000-7000 yuan.
The boatswain is 3500-4500 yuan, and the mechanic is 3500-4500 yuan.
Sailors 2500-3500 yuan, mechanics 2500-3500 yuan.
2. Class B (near ocean: routes between China and South Korea, China and Japan, Southeast Asia and Taiwan Province Province) and Class A (global routes).
Salary (monthly salary) of driving department and salary (monthly salary) of engine department.
Captain 2000-3500 dollars, chief engineer 2000-3300 dollars.
First mate 1500-2800 USD; Ship 1500-2800 USD.
1200- 1800 USD for two pairs; Two inner tube wheels 1200- 1800 USD.
$ 800- 1400 for three pairs and $ 800- 1400 for three tube wheels.
$ 500-800 for Sun Bo and $ 500-800 for mechanics.
Sailors cost 400-600 dollars and mechanics 400-600 dollars.
1 1. How are seafarers paid?
A: The wages on the ship are paid at the end of each month. The labor fee and bonus are paid immediately after each job is completed, and the wages are never in arrears. If the shipping company goes bankrupt and cannot pay wages, the maritime department of the country where the ship is located can auction the ship first and pay the crew wages first. In the case of the shipowner's arrears of wages, seafarers can apply to the Maritime Safety Administration for dismantling, so the shipowner's ship is likely to be detained and released after the wages are paid.
12. What is the labor intensity of seafarers?
A: During the voyage, the crew on board shifts three times a day, each shift is 8 hours; Officers are on duty at the bridge, engine room control room or their own rooms; Ordinary sailors (mechanics, sailors) do some chores; After work is free time, you can watch videos, play cards, play chess, chat and take a walk on the deck. During the dock, seafarers are not responsible for loading and unloading goods, and the loading and unloading work is completed by dock workers in the arriving country. In addition to the seafarers on duty, other personnel can go to other places and go sightseeing and shopping in various countries.
13. What if seafarers can't find a place to graduate? What if I can't find a job for personal reasons?
A: If the placement cannot be carried out due to company reasons, all tuition fees will be refunded; Seafarers who are unable to find employment for personal reasons shall bear their own responsibilities.
Four, ordinary seafarers' knowledge questions and answers
1. What are the requirements for applying for ordinary seafarers?
A: Generally speaking, to apply for an ordinary seaman, you should meet the following requirements: (1) male, age 18-35 years old, no record of bad behavior, and love sailing. (2) Junior high school education or above, with a certain English foundation. (3) The height is above 1.65, without color blindness and colorless weakness, and the naked eye vision of the ship driving major (third mate and sailor) is not less than 1.0, and the ship engine major (three pipes and mechanic) is not less than 0.8; No stuttering, no flat feet, normal liver function, no chronic diseases and infectious diseases, and meet the physical examination standards for seafarers. See the "Admissions Guide" for details.
2. How long is the training time for ordinary seafarers? Where is the training place?
A: The training time for ordinary seafarers is generally four months. Professional training must be conducted in a training institution with corresponding qualifications designated by the National Maritime Safety Administration, and the specific training place shall be contacted by the crew company with the training institution.
3. Can ordinary seafarers obtain various certificates after training? What is the elimination rate?
A: Generally, those who pass the interview can obtain various certificates. There are still many make-up exams that fail. Judging from the ordinary seafarers recruited in the past, the elimination rate does not exceed 1%.
4. How long is the internship period for ordinary seafarers? What is the internship fee and treatment?
The internship lasts for 6 months. Interview when signing the internship fee and welfare agreement.
5. What courses are there for sailor training?
Answer: Basic safety, sailor's responsibilities (main items: simulated steering on the bridge, signal flag identification, etc. ), sailor craft (knotting, cable laying, aerial work, wire insertion, etc. ), maritime English, English listening and conversation.
6. What courses are there for mechanic training?
Answer: Basic safety, marine diesel engine, marine auxiliary equipment, marine electricity, marine engine management, mechanic on duty (main items: disassembly and assembly of diesel engine and auxiliary equipment, operation management of main and auxiliary equipment), mechanic English, English listening and conversation, metalworking (lathe worker, fitter, welder).
7. What are the duties of a sailor?
Answer: The sailor on duty is an assistant in the daily operation and work of the deck department. Mainly engaged in: (1) serving as a helmsman when sailing and berthing, and assisting in lookout; (2) When berthing or berthing, the cable is untied; (3) Understand the use of various marine signal lights and flags; (4) The specific operation of daily maintenance of the deck department; (5) Ship crane and switch cabin operation; (6) Recover the diversion ladder and gangway safely; (7) Understand the compilation and use of various knots and the splicing of steel wires.
8. What are the responsibilities of a mechanic?
A: The mechanic on duty is a support level person in the daily operation and work of the engine department. Mainly engaged in: (1) assisting engineers in daily maintenance of main engine, auxiliary engine and related equipment; (2) Assist the engineer to do the daily repair and maintenance of steering gear and windlass; (3) Understand the use and maintenance of various ballast pumps and fire pumps in the engine room and deck; (4) Understand various hydraulic principles and mechanical braking principles; (5) Understand the introduction of marine engineering and electrical appliances; (6) Understand the welding process and essentials.
Five, senior seafarers knowledge questions and answers
1. What are the requirements for applying for an advanced seaman?
Answer: The educational background requires high school graduation or equivalent, and other conditions are the same as those of ordinary seafarers. See the "Admissions Guide" for details.
2. How long is the training time for senior seafarers? Where is the training place?
A: The training time is 2-3 years, and I have obtained a nationally recognized junior college or technical secondary school degree in navigation. The training places are Dalian, Shanghai, Tianjin and other maritime universities or maritime vocational and technical colleges. See the "Admissions Guide" for details.
3. Can senior seafarers obtain various certificates after training? What is the elimination rate?
Answer: You have passed the interview and physical examination. As long as you complete the training content after entering school, you can generally obtain various certificates.
4. How long is the internship period for senior seafarers? How much is the internship fee or salary?
A: Internship for one year. Interview when signing an internship fee or treatment agreement.
5. What are the training courses for driving professional senior seafarers (third officer)?
Answer: Navigation, maritime watch and collision avoidance, ship manipulation, maritime meteorology and oceanography, ship signals, maritime instruments, maritime English, maritime cargo transportation, ship management, ship structure and equipment, maritime commerce and maritime law, introduction to marine engines, international shipping market, shipping management, seafarers' psychology, etc.
6. What are the training courses for senior seafarers (trimarans) majoring in marine engineering?
Answer: Thermal engineering foundation, drawing foundation and mechanical drawing, marine engine foundation, marine diesel engine, marine auxiliary equipment, marine English, marine maintenance, electrotechnics, marine electrical equipment, marine automation, ship management, etc.
7. What is the promotion procedure for senior seafarers?
Answer: Senior crew members are promoted to the third mate (first mate) after graduation practice for one year, to the second mate (second mate) after 18 months, to the first mate (second mate) after 12 months, and to the first mate (second mate) after passing the examination by the Maritime Safety Administration.