The English name is human papillomavirus.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the abbreviation of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a small circular DNA virus. It is the most common pathogen of sexually transmitted diseases. It can be divided into 130 subtypes, and HPV 1, 2,6,1,16,18,338 are mainly related to human health.
How does human papillomavirus spread?
Mainly through sexual active communication, including anal sex and oral sex with infected people, but also through close contact with the skin. There are no symptoms and signs at the initial stage of infection, and most of them appear several years after infection, so it is extremely difficult to determine the time of the first infection.
Is human papillomavirus infection common?
An epidemiological survey of people with normal cytology in the world showed that the infection rate of cervical human papillomavirus fluctuated between 6. 1% and 33.5%, with an average of 10%. There is no large-scale epidemiological data of human papillomavirus in China. The only data suggest that the infection rate of human papillomavirus in some areas of China is 10% ~ 14%, and the peak of female infection is 18-28 years old.
Most human papillomavirus infections are transient, and 80% of the infected people are cleared within 6-8 months, but 10- 15% of the infected people over 35 years old show long-term infection, which is an important factor affecting health.
What are the main health problems caused by human papillomavirus infection?
The main health problems related to human papillomavirus infection are genital warts and cervical cancer.
HPV infection is associated with 5.2% of tumors, among which HPV infection is the initial and necessary factor of cervical cancer, HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of cervical cancer, HPV types 16 are more common in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and HPV types 18 are more common in cervical adenocarcinoma. HPV6, 1 1 type is related to 90% genital warts.
In the United States, before HPV vaccination, the number of male and female genital warts caused by human papillomavirus infection was 340,000-360,000 each year, that is, about 100 sexually active adults had 1 person infected with human papillomavirus to cause genital warts; Every year, the number of cancer cases related to human papillomavirus infection is 17600 for females and 9300 for males.
What cancers can human papillomavirus cause?
Human papillomavirus mainly causes cervical cancer, other cancers, including vulva, vagina, penis or anus, and throat cancer. Cancer usually occurs several years after being infected with human papillomavirus. The subtypes of human papillomavirus that cause genital warts and cancer are different.
At present, it is impossible to predict whether people infected with human papillomavirus will have related health problems, but there is no doubt that people with low immune function (such as AIDS patients) are more likely to have health problems such as cervical cancer and condyloma acuminatum.