COVID-19 vaccine is only six months old? CDC, come in!
Q: What is the difference between one, two and three doses of vaccine? How to choose?
A: The difference of vaccination depends on its principle and technical route. Generally speaking, adenovirus vector vaccine is injected once, inactivated vaccine is injected twice and recombinant protein vaccine is injected three times. Generally speaking, their protection rates are basically the same, especially for severe cases, there may be differences in side effects. At present, it is suggested that you can play casually. In the second half of the year, the vaccine will have a good supplementary application. For example, if you have a mission to go abroad and don't have time to take two or three shots, you can choose a vaccine to take one shot. There are many side effects in the elderly, so you can choose the mixed vaccination of recombinant protein vaccine and inactivated protein vaccine. If it is not because of safety requirements, but because of the protection rate, the protection rate of these three types of vaccines is basically the same, and there is no need to ask for replacement.
Q: What is the vaccination rate of COVID-19's vaccine to truly establish a group immune barrier?
A: In order to block the effective spread of an infectious disease, what percentage of people in the population are immune? Mainly depends on the ability of virus or bacteria to spread. We call it the basic reproductive number (R0). Intuitively speaking, it is how many susceptible people an infected person can infect. The bigger the number, the stronger the spread of the virus. The vaccination rate of establishing group immune barrier can be calculated as "(1-1r0) ×100%". R0 is a virus carrier, which can infect several people. Although the research data are different, the COVID-19 R0 value is roughly 3. According to this formula, 66% people need to be vaccinated to establish an immune barrier. Because the protection rate of vaccine is not 100%, 80%-85% people need to be vaccinated to establish a group immune barrier.
Q: What is the basis for realizing the group immune barrier during the year?
A: The time to realize the group immune barrier depends on two factors, one is whether there is enough vaccine supply, and the other is the vaccination rate, which depends on people's willingness to vaccinate. By the middle of the year, China's vaccine production capacity has basically reached its peak, and the vaccine supply will increase substantially in the second half of the year. With sufficient vaccine and high vaccination rate, the establishment of group immune barrier in China can be realized in the remaining half year of this year.
Q: Can COVID-19 vaccine deal with Indian variants?
A: Relevant enterprises and research institutions have studied Indian mutants. The preliminary results show that our existing vaccine can protect Indian mutants.
Q: Does the original vaccine still work after the virus mutates?
A: If you don't fight for nothing, you will establish basic immunity. After vaccination, COVID-19 vaccine will establish the basic immunity of COVID-19 for the vaccinators. Even if one day the virus mutates into an existing vaccine, the previous injection will not be in vain. The existing mutants can only partially reduce the vaccine protection efficiency, and the vaccine protection efficiency for mild cases is generally reduced, while the vaccine protection efficiency for severe cases is still high.
Q: According to COVID-19 vaccination guidelines, the best interval between two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is within 8 weeks. Is the second dose of vaccine ineffective if it is vaccinated for more than 8 weeks?
A: There is a general principle of vaccination in COVID-19, that is, if you get the vaccine, you need to get two doses and three doses, and there is a gap between the two doses. Generally, it is done according to the program interval. If this time interval is exceeded or extended, the subsequent vaccination will be effective. For the inactivated vaccine in COVID-19, we require it to be completed within 8 weeks. If the interval between the second needle and the first needle is more than 8 weeks, there is no need to replant or restart vaccination. So more than 8 weeks is enough to make up for the missing dose. Remind the public that the second dose of inactivated vaccine should be vaccinated within 8 weeks as required.
Q: Is it true that the stronger the reaction after vaccination in COVID-19, the better the immune effect?
A: The side effects are not directly related to the immune response produced by the vaccine. Strong side effects do not mean strong immune stimulation. Whether there are any side effects is related to physical fitness. For example, allergic people have stronger side effects. Generally speaking, the total incidence of side effects is relatively low, but the protection rate of vaccine is above 80%, which also shows that there is no necessary relationship between them.
Q: Recently, the number of people queuing for vaccination has increased significantly. Some people report that they are eager to get the vaccine, while others find it difficult to get the second one after the first one. What should I do?
A: It is expected that the peak capacity of the vaccine will be reached around July, and this situation will be alleviated after July. In addition to productivity factors, changes in the epidemic situation in China will also change the pace of vaccination. For example, the country will distribute more vaccines to local epidemic areas, but it will only have a short-term impact. Eventually, there will be enough vaccines for vaccination. I hope everyone has a positive attitude towards vaccination, but don't worry too much. According to the national vaccination plan, we have enough time and space to build a group immune barrier.
Q: Is COVID-19 /klock -0/ valid for only 6 months? It has been more than six months since the first wave of vaccination. What should I do?
A: Any kind of vaccine immunity will eventually fade. Generally speaking, it will obviously fade after 6 months, and COVID-19 vaccine has a similar phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to closely track the decline of immunity in high-risk groups and give intensive injections in time. However, it is observed that most people still have a large number of immune memory cells in their bodies after their immunity fades, which will have a high-intensity response to virus attacks and play a certain protective role. Related research is under way, and we will vaccinate people at different risks in time. In addition, with the rapid changes in the global epidemic, we can also choose the vaccine of the mutant that was popular at that time for immune enhancement.
Q: After vaccination in COVID-19, you don't need to wear a mask for nucleic acid detection. Is this statement reliable?
A: This statement is not credible. After vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine, effective antibody cannot be produced immediately in the whole process, and it takes about 14 days to produce effective antibody. In addition, the protective effect of any vaccine can not reach 100%, and even a few vaccinated people may not be able to produce effective antibodies in the body because of individual differences; Before the establishment of group immune barrier, COVID-19 virus was easy to spread among people. If you don't take personal protective measures, there is still the possibility of infection, and you need to do nucleic acid testing.
I want to remind everyone that vaccination is not foolproof, and personal protection must not be relaxed. Be sure to continue to wash your hands frequently, ventilate frequently, wear a mask, and observe daily protective measures such as "one meter line". Personal protection is still an effective preventive measure.
Q: Many people think that there are too few cases of COVID-19 vaccination. Is this right?
A: This statement is incorrect. Despite the staged victory against COVID-19, the number of infected people still ranks among the top in the world. Because of this, most people have no immunity to COVID-19, and are generally susceptible to COVID-19. After the onset of infection, some people will be seriously ill and even die. Vaccination is the most economical and effective means to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccination, on the one hand, can gain immunity and effectively reduce the risk of infection, illness, serious illness and death; On the other hand, everyone should be vaccinated as soon as possible, so as to establish a group immune barrier as soon as possible and block the spread of COVID-19 virus.
The side effects of vaccines depend on the process. The inactivated vaccine by traditional technical route is very safe, protein vaccine. Virus vector vaccine has been used for many years, and its side effects are completely within the safe and acceptable range.
Q: Will vaccination cause diseases?
A: The vaccine preparation itself will not cause disease. Vaccine-induced diseases are rare, which usually occur when live attenuated vaccines are inoculated, and the incidence rate is controlled below 654.38+00000. There is no live attenuated vaccine in COVID-19, so the vaccine preparation itself will not cause disease.