Zhang Zhongjing (about150 ~154 ~ 215 ~ 219) was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang, Eastern H
Zhang Zhongjing (about150 ~154 ~ 215 ~ 219) was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang, Eastern Han Dynasty (now Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province). A famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty was honored as a medical sage by later generations. Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The established principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM. In the aspect of prescription science, Treatise on Febrile Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The therapeutic principle of differentiation of six meridians established by him has been highly praised by doctors in past dynasties. This is the first medical monograph in China to establish the law of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine, and it is a necessary classic work for later scholars to study Chinese medicine, which has been widely valued by medical students and clinicians.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a great clinician, Zhang Zhongjing, appeared in China. He not only has rich clinical experience and treated many patients with superb medical skills, but also wrote a creative medical masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The publication of this masterpiece has brought China's clinical medicine and prescription science to a more mature stage.
Zhang Zhongjing was born in a declining bureaucratic family. His father Zhang was a scholar and an official of the imperial court. Due to the special conditions of his family, he was exposed to many classics since he was a child. He is also studious, well-read and loves medicine. He saw the story of Bian Que's visit to Qi Huangong from the history books and admired Bian Que's superb medical skills. ? Every time I look at Yue's diagnosis and look at Hou's complexion, I can't help sighing for his talent. ? From then on, he became interested in medicine, which laid the foundation for him to become a generation of medical masters.
At that time, society was divided and uneasy about state affairs. Peasant uprisings broke out one after another, and wars broke out everywhere. The Lebanese people suffered from the war, and with the epidemic, many people died. Really? Life is ruined, and bodies are everywhere? , terrible. And the government also has its own problems, fighting for power and profits and waging war. This made Zhang Zhongjing hate officialdom, despise official career and pity the people since he was a child, and he sprouted the desire to study medicine to save the country. Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty spent four years (A.D. 16 1). At the age of about 10, he studied medicine under Zhang Bozu, a doctor from the same county.
Zhang Bozu was a famous physician at that time. He has a calm personality, a simple life and studies medicine hard. Every time I see a patient and prescribe a prescription, I am very careful and thoughtful. Nine times out of ten, the patients he treated can be cured and are deeply respected by the people. Zhang Zhongjing studied medicine with him very attentively. Whether going out for medical treatment, copying prescriptions and taking medicines, or going up the mountain to collect medicines and go home for processing, he is not afraid of suffering and fatigue. Zhang Bozu liked this student very much and taught him his rich experience of practicing medicine all his life without reservation. He Qing, a fellow countryman older than Zhang Zhongjing, knew him quite well. He once said: You must be a good doctor in the future, because your thinking is smart and your charm is not high. ? It means that Zhang Zhongjing is talented, studious, smart and steady, but he does not have the temperament and demeanor of being an official and is not suitable for being an official. As long as you concentrate on studying medicine, you will definitely become a famous doctor in the future. He Qing's words strengthened Zhang Zhongjing's confidence in studying medicine and studied harder from then on. He read a large number of medical books and extensively absorbed the experience of various doctors for clinical diagnosis. He made great progress and soon became a famous doctor, even? Shine on you is better than blue? More than his teacher. People praised him at that time? Is his knowledge more subtle than that of the teacher? .
Zhang Zhongjing advocates? Seek the ancient method diligently? Seriously study and summarize the theoretical experience of predecessors.
He carefully studied ancient medical books, such as Su Wen, Lingshu, Difficult Classics, Yin and Yang Theory, pregnancy and drug records. Among them, Su Wen had the greatest influence on him. Su Wen said: People whose husbands have a fever are typhoid fever and so on. ? Say it again? When people are hurt by cold, they are sick and hot. . Zhang Zhongjing developed this theory according to his own practice. He thinks typhoid fever is the general name of all fever, that is, diseases caused by exogenous diseases can be called? Typhoid fever He also left it to his predecessor? Syndrome differentiation and treatment? The principle of treatment has been carefully studied and put forward? Six meridians of typhoid fever? New insights.
Except him? Seek the ancient method diligently? , or? All-round learning? We have widely collected effective prescriptions for ancient and modern diseases, and even folk prescriptions have tried their best to collect them. He studied acupuncture, moxibustion, warm ironing, rubbing medicine, sitting medicine, bathing, moistening and guiding, soaking feet, washing ears, blowing ears, sublingual administration, artificial respiration and other specific therapies that people like to use, and accumulated a lot of information. After decades of struggle, Zhang Zhongjing collected a lot of information, including his personal clinical experience, and wrote sixteen volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases (also known as Treatise on Febrile Diseases). This book was written around 205 AD. Popular all over the world? . Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor in Jin Dynasty, arranged it. In the Song Dynasty, it was gradually divided into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is a miscellaneous disease part of the book.
Writing medical books Although Zhang Zhongjing hated officialdom and despised official career since he was a child. But because his father was an official of the imperial court, (the Han Dynasty began to move from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty? Filial piety and talent? What is the official selection system in Lian Xiao? This is a method to discover and train candidates for official preparation in Han Dynasty. It is stipulated that every 200,000 households will be promoted to a dutiful son every year, and the official position will be appointed by the court. The cited students should be filial to their parents and behave incorruptibly, so they are called filial piety. In the Han dynasty, Xiao Lian? It has been used as a subject for selecting officials, hasn't it? Xiaolian? A man of virtue cannot be an official. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were many children in the world. Zhongjing inherited his family. During the Lingdi period (about AD 168 ~ 188), he was promoted to filial piety by the county and entered the officialdom. During the Jian 'an period (A.D. 196 ~ 2 19), he was appointed as the magistrate of Changsha by the imperial court (Changsha County: Qin Family, which governs nine counties, including Hunan, Luo, Yiyang, Yinshan, Lingling, Hengshan, Song and Guiyang, and now governs Changsha City, Hunan County. Changsha satrap, similar to today's Hunan governor). But he still used his medical skills to relieve the suffering of the people. In feudal times, officials could not enter houses and get close to people at will. But without contact with ordinary people, there can be no treatment and medical skills can't be improved. So Zhang Zhongjing thought of a way to open the yamen on the first and fifteenth day of each month, and let the sick people in without asking about political affairs. He sat upright in the hall and treated everyone carefully. He asked the chief to post a notice to tell people the news. His action caused a strong shock in the local area, and everyone applauded and became more enthusiastic about Zhang Zhongjing. After a long time, it becomes a convention. On the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, people from all directions gathered in front of his yamen for medical treatment, and some even came from afar with luggage. Later, people called the doctor sitting in the drugstore to see a doctor? Sitting doctor? In memory of Zhang Zhongjing.
Zhang Zhongjing saw that the people trusted him very much, so he kept improving his medical skills and exploring. He collected a large number of folk prescriptions and made a serious study.
Sometimes even afraid to travel long distances and learn from teachers. Once he heard that tongjitang in Xiangyang had a nickname? Wang Shenxian? Our famous doctor is very experienced in treating back pain. He immediately took his luggage and traveled hundreds of miles to worship? Wang Shenxian? Be a teacher. Right? Wang Shenxian? I have learned a lot in the study and research of medicine and its uniqueness.
Although Zhang Zhongjing's medical skills are superb, some diseases are incurable. As the saying goes, after being a soldier, there will be a disaster year? . At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, frequent wars and continuous wars led to the epidemic of plague. During the Jian 'an period, the plague spread five times, killing many people, and some towns became empty cities, especially those who died of typhoid fever. For example, Zhang Zhongjing's family originally had more than 200 people. From the first year of Jian 'an (A.D. 196), in less than 10, two-thirds of people died of typhoid fever, and seven out of ten people died of typhoid fever. Some quacks fish in troubled waters and don't take the patient's pulse seriously. No kicking, no shaking hands I confronted the patient and then prescribed medicine, only knowing how to make money. More and more people, although studying under famous doctors, are not enterprising, stick to the rules, do not seriously study the medical skills of doctors and save the suffering of the people, but struggle for power and profit and forget their duty. Zhang Zhongjing was very angry with these people and scolded them severely. He is determined to control the epidemic of plague and eradicate typhoid fever. Since then, he? Seek the ancient method diligently and learn from others? , assiduously studied ancient medical books such as Su Wen, Ling Shu, Eighty-one Difficult Problems, On Yin and Yang, Records of Pregnant Doctors, inherited the basic theories of classic medical books such as Neijing, widely used the treatment methods of other doctors for reference, and combined with personal clinical diagnosis experience, studied the treatment methods of typhoid miscellaneous diseases, which was completed in the tenth year of Jian 'an (AD 205).
At this time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was in turmoil. In order to avoid chaos, Zhang Zhongjing resigned and went to Lingnan to live in seclusion, concentrating on studying medicine and writing medical books. By the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, he finally wrote an epoch-making masterpiece of clinical medicine, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, with sixteen volumes. Later generations compiled it into two books, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. A systematic summary of Treatise on Febrile Diseases? Syndrome differentiation and treatment? His theory has made important contributions to the development of TCM etiology theory and prescription theory. Later, this book was regarded as? The ancestor of magic? Zhang Zhongjing is also known as? Master Jing Fang? .
After writing this book, Zhang Zhongjing still devoted himself to studying medicine until his death. In 285 A.D., after Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, unified the whole country, Zhang Zhongjing's body was transported back to his hometown for burial by later generations, and the medical shrine and Zhongjing's tomb were built in Nanyang.
Zhang Zhongjing is modest and prudent, and advocates lifelong learning. He said in the preface:? Confucius said: those who are born with knowledge, learn and know, learn and know, and learn and know. I am a master of magic. Please speak English. ? Zhang Zhongjing quoted Confucius as saying that he was not a genius and could only acquire knowledge by studying hard. In particular, he showed that he loved medicine since he was a teenager. Please allow him to do what Confucius said in a down-to-earth way, because there is no end to medicine, and he must persist in learning all his life and live to learn.
Zhang Zhongjing also established an unpretentious, diligent and practical style of study for future generations. Treatise on Febrile Diseases has a concise style and no empty rhetoric, which has a great influence on later Chinese medicine works. He encountered the slightest doubt in his diagnosis and research, namely? Take an examination of the school? Never let go, be sure to find out what is going on.
Zhang Zhongjing's medical theory has made great contributions to the development of ancient medicine in China and the health of ordinary people. At the same time, Zhang Zhongjing's medical theory has made great contributions to modern medical research. But also has a great influence on Southeast Asian countries. Later generations studied his medical theory, admired his medical skills and ethics, and called him? Medical sage? . Nanyang City, Henan Province built it for him? Medical holy land? . Renovated after liberation? Medical holy land? Built it? Zhang Zhongjing Memorial Hall? In memory of this medical scientist who laid the foundation of TCM therapeutics in China.
Zhang Zhongjing's works: 1 and Treatise on Febrile Diseases (lost, one of the four classic works of traditional Chinese medicine) comprehensively expounded the theory and treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine, and were the earliest monographs on clinical diagnosis and treatment in China.
2. Treatise on Febrile Diseases was compiled by Wang Shuhe, a physician in Jin Dynasty, based on the anecdotes of the typhoid part of Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
3. synopsis of the golden chamber. In the Song Dynasty, Wang Zhu, Lin Bu, Sun Qi and others stumbled upon the incomplete bamboo slips Treatise on Febrile Diseases, compiled Miscellaneous Diseases into a book, renamed it synopsis of the Golden Chamber, and published it in the world.
Besides Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Zhang Zhongjing's works include ten volumes of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, one volume of Prescriptions for Treating Women, two volumes of Treatise on Five Zangs and one volume of Articulation. Unfortunately, it has been lost for a long time. However, the outstanding contribution of Treatise on Febrile Diseases is enough to make Zhang Zhongjing a world medical great man admired at home and abroad. Zhang Zhongjing is a genius in Chinese medicine. Treatise on febrile diseases is a wonderful book, which establishes the thought of syndrome differentiation and treatment, one of the important theoretical pillars of traditional Chinese medicine. The finishing touch? .