In the past, people thought that the brain was the only nerve center of the human body. However, it has been found in recent ten years that there are no fewer nerves in the gastrointestinal tract than in the brain, and their composition and operation are similar to those in the brain. In the gastrointestinal tract, there is a secondary nervous system, which has the same relationship with the brain as the relationship between the central government and local governments. In most cases, the emotions in the gastrointestinal tract are dominated by the brain, but some studies have pointed out that in some cases, the emotions in the gastrointestinal tract will in turn affect the brain. At present, what puzzles scientists most is that scientists can measure the excitement, depression, anxiety and other emotions of the central nervous system with various scales, but for the nerve center of the gastrointestinal tract, they still can't find the code to crack their emotions. Text/reporter Lei Kun correspondent Xu Jing Gastrointestinal tract is subordinate to an independent nervous system. According to Pavlov's theory, all organs of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, are controlled by the brain, while the gastrointestinal tract is only engaged in mechanical movements of peristalsis and secretion according to the instructions of the brain central system. Through the commands of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve, the brain issues various commands. When the vagus nerve is excited, the gastrointestinal tract begins to work hard; When sympathetic nerve connecting gastrointestinal tract is excited, gastrointestinal function is inhibited and digestive function is weakened. Professor Li Yuyuan from the Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital pointed out that it was not until 10 years ago that the scientific community discovered that the gastrointestinal tract actually had its own nerve center, and most gastrointestinal activities were not directly controlled by the brain, but through the command of the gastrointestinal plexus. The gastrointestinal nervous system can directly receive all kinds of information in the gastrointestinal tract, and then excite or inhibit its own functions of regulating contraction, relaxation, secretion and absorption, so it is also called "the brain of the intestine". Although the brain nerve center is the "superior" of the gastrointestinal nerve center, in most cases, it only accepts the "report" from the lower level at any time and does not interfere with the operation of the lower level. Only when the gastrointestinal tract is out of control and asks for help from the "superior" will the brain center mobilize the whole body to help the lower level solve the problem. The operation of gastrointestinal nerve is more complicated than that of cranial nerve. It should be said that there is no difference between cranial nerve and gastrointestinal nerve in composition and operation mode. There are hundreds of neurotransmitters and hormones in the human body, as well as in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, but the distribution and proportion of each are different. For example, a neurotransmitter named "5- hydroxytryptamine" used to be thought to exist only in the brain, but now studies have found that 90% of "5- hydroxytryptamine" was originally concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract, which has the functions of regulation, exercise, secretion and perception. Nerves in the brain are dense and highly concentrated, while gastrointestinal neurons are distributed in a network, intertwined with muscles, blood vessels, lymph and other organs. From this point of view, the composition of gastrointestinal nervous system may be more complicated. The commands of the brain to the body organs are completed in two ways: one is that the sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve transmit commands to the target organs through neurotransmitters, and the other is that neurohormones are transmitted through blood or tissues, and the commands of the sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve are given to the target organs, so is the operation of the gastrointestinal nervous system. In addition, the gastrointestinal tract can directly transmit the will of the brain to the muscles through interstitial cells of cajal. Li Yuyuan said that interstitial cells of cajal are the transitional bodies between nerves and muscles, and only exist in the gastrointestinal tract, not in the brain. However, how interstitial cells of cajal transmit information to muscles remains to be further studied by scientists. You: Body Manual-Health Guidance VIII From a chemical point of view, the human intestine is the most similar organ to the brain, and the neurotransmitters and hormones of the two are strikingly similar. The intestine is full of nerve cells, which control the muscle movement of the intestinal wall and transport food downward. The intestine controls the way food enters and exits the human body, just like a star's personal assistant reads a fan's letter and decides what to leave and throw away. Food is very important to our life, it can determine whether we will be sleepy, depressed, and even affect the size of pants. Most of us don't even know that the brain and intestine are closely related in chemical composition. Just as our body reacts differently to external stimuli, our intestines also react differently to various external substances. For example, smoked sausage may give you enough strength to pull out weeping willows, but it may also make you feel dull and bloated. No matter what happens to your body, the small intestine will give you an alarm. The inner wall of the tender small intestine is protected by unique immune cells, which guard the boundaries of the human body and identify foods that you or your ancestors can't bear. Once disturbed, the responsible organ, the small intestine, will send out SOS distress signal to remind the human body by exhausting or convulsing. Under normal circumstances, the small intestine is a kind organ, it does not move, unless it is really an emergency in the process of nutrition treatment, it will "make a big move." That's how intestines tell you to pay more attention in the future. -Excerpted from Your Body Manual (Yilin Publishing House). Gastrointestinal emotions will be uncomfortable with the brain. According to the previous view, only the central nervous system of the brain will have emotions. But now it is found that the gastrointestinal tract also has its own joys and sorrows. Generally speaking, if the central nervous system is unhappy, the gastrointestinal tract will also be unhappy; If people put too many things into the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in excessive load, it will certainly not be happy; In addition, people who don't eat spicy food face a table of Sichuan food and China people who are used to eating rice, and suddenly go westward, swallowing steak and bread every day will also cause a "blow" to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to their depression. In most cases, the emotions in the gastrointestinal tract are the same as those in the brain center, but sometimes they are awkward. For example, people go out to travel and eat a lot of strange food that the gastrointestinal tract is not used to. Although they feel comfortable, the gastrointestinal tract may not be happy. It will express "dissatisfaction" through pain, bloating, belching, diarrhea and constipation. At this time, there will be a "dialogue" between the brain and the gastrointestinal nerve center system to coordinate with each other. As for whether the brain will intervene and to what extent, it depends on the results of their "consultation". Li Yuyuan said that when we encounter psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and tension, it is not necessarily the result of the manipulation of the central nervous system of the brain. Sometimes, it may be that there is something wrong with the gastrointestinal nerves. Being in a bad mood will lead to unwillingness to eat, which in turn will affect the mood. What people haven't figured out is how bad the gastrointestinal nerve is on the brain nerve. In addition, anxiety, depression and other central nervous system emotions can be measured by a series of scales after 100 years of research, but a set of corresponding codes has not been found for gastrointestinal emotions. How to evaluate gastrointestinal emotion is a hot topic in gastrointestinal neurology.
Scientists have found that in biological activities, people have two "brains". In addition to the brain, the role of the spinal cord is also extremely important. If the brain is compared to the life command center, then the spinal cord is the only information exchange channel between the brain and limbs. However, the spinal cord can not usually be called the second brain of human beings. So, does the human body really have a second brain? For this seemingly incredible question, scientists have come to a conclusion that is beyond many people's expectation-the answer is yes. Professor Mike Gehlsen of Columbia University confirmed through research that there is a kind of "tissue" in the folds of human gastrointestinal tissues, that is, nerve cell complex. With the help of a special substance-neural sensor, the complex can work independently of the brain and exchange signals, and it can even participate in intellectual activities such as learning like the brain. Professor Mike Gerson founded Neurogastroenterology. Like the brain, the second brain is nourished by glial cells. The second brain has its own cells, which are responsible for immunity and defense. In addition, the existence of neural sensors such as serotonin, glutamic acid and neuropeptide protein also increases this similarity with the brain. This so-called human second brain has its own interesting origin. Ancient coelomic organisms had an early nervous system, which made them become a brain with complex functions in the process of evolution, and the remnants of the early nervous system were transformed into the activity centers of internal organs such as digestive organs, which can be observed in the process of embryonic development. At the earliest stage of embryonic nervous system formation, cell aggregates first divide, one part forms the central nervous system, and the other part swims in the embryo until it falls into the gastrointestinal system, where it is transformed into an independent nervous system. Later, with the development of the embryo, the system was connected with the central nervous system under the action of a special nerve fiber-vagus nerve. Not long ago, people thought that the intestine was just a muscle tubular body with basic conditioned reflex, and no one noticed its cell structure, quantity and activity. However, in recent years, scientists have been surprised to find that there are hundreds of millions of cells in the gastrointestinal tract, and the vagus nerve cannot guarantee the close connection between this complex system and the brain. So how does the gastrointestinal system work? Scientists have found through research that the gastrointestinal system can work independently because it has its own headquarters-the second brain of the human body. The main function of the second brain is to monitor the activity and digestive process of the stomach, observe the characteristics of food, adjust the digestion speed, and accelerate or slow down the secretion of digestive juice. Interestingly, like the brain, the second brain of the human body needs to rest and immerse itself in dreams. Second, when the brain dreams, there will be some fluctuations in the intestine, such as muscle contraction. In the case of mental stress, the second brain will secrete special hormones like the brain, including excessive serotonin. People will experience that state, that is, sometimes there will be a feeling of "cat scratching at the heart". In particularly serious cases, such as shock and stomach irritation, diarrhea will occur. The so-called "scared out of her wits" refers to this situation, which Russians call "bear disease". In the medical field, there used to be such a term, that is, nerve stomach, which mainly refers to the reaction of the stomach to strong stimuli such as heartburn and tracheal spasm. If there are further adverse stimulation factors, then the stomach will secrete substances that will cause gastritis and gastric ulcer according to the instructions of the brain. On the contrary, the activity of the second brain will also affect the activity of the brain. For example, the signal of indigestion is transmitted back to the brain, causing nausea, headache or other uncomfortable feelings. The human body is sometimes allergic to certain substances as a result of the second brain acting on the brain. Although scientists have discovered the role of the second brain in life activities, there are still many phenomena to be further studied. Scientists have not yet figured out what role the second brain plays in the process of human thinking and whether lower animals should have a second brain. People believe that one day, science will make everyone really understand life. To this end, scientists issued an appeal: "Take care of the stomach! Take care of your second brain! " Excerpt from "Science and Technology Daily" The gastrointestinal tract, like the brain, can also make people feel emotional.
These days, @ _ @ always feels that something seems to block the lower esophagus when swallowing food. At first, @ _ @ didn't care too much. Later, every time I ate, the feeling of blocking became more and more obvious, and finally even drinking saliva hurt. @ _ @ began to think about it, wondering if she had an esophageal tumor, so she went to see a doctor, who advised her to have a gastroscope. Under the gastroscope, the doctor found that her esophagus was unobstructed and her stomach was normal except for mild gastritis. Finally, he was diagnosed as "gastrointestinal neurosis" by psychologists. There is a view in medicine that the human stomach is the second brain. As the old saying goes, when people are stressed, they can't eat or sleep first. It can be seen that the gastrointestinal tract also has its own emotions. From this perspective, gastrointestinal diseases caused by mental stress do make sense. White-collar workers need to be especially alert to this disease, because most patients are constantly busy with work, have great psychological pressure or emotional problems, and psychological pressure itself will "hit" the gastrointestinal tract, leading to depression. It affects the secretion of digestive juice, leading to slow gastrointestinal peristalsis and indigestion symptoms such as loss of appetite and fullness.
In most cases, the emotions in the gastrointestinal tract are the same as those in the brain center, but sometimes they are awkward. For example, people go out to travel and eat a lot of strange food that the gastrointestinal tract is not used to. Although they feel comfortable, the gastrointestinal tract may not be happy. It will express "dissatisfaction" through pain, bloating, belching, diarrhea and constipation. At this time, there will be a "dialogue" between the brain and the gastrointestinal nerve center system to coordinate with each other. As for whether the brain will intervene and to what extent, it depends on the results of their "consultation".
Gastrointestinal neurosis is a completely curable disease. For such patients, the first thing to do is to eliminate tension, worry and anxiety. Correctly treat setbacks and pressures in life, reduce the harassment of bad emotions, strengthen personality cultivation, and cultivate an open-minded and cheerful personality. At the same time, patients can take some anti-anxiety drugs and drugs that regulate autonomic nerve function under the guidance of doctors. If you cooperate with the hypnotist's treatment, you will receive unexpected results.