Scientists at Ding Lun University in Sweden have proved that high concentration of tobacco smoke will produce a lot of endotoxin; In a room full of secondhand smoke, the concentration of endotoxin is more than 120 times that of a non-smoking room. At high concentration, endotoxin can cause human respiratory inflammation, which can lead to bronchitis and asthma. Passive smoking will not only affect the health of respiratory system, but also affect the sleep quality of family members at night.
smoke
Smoking pollution may exceed automobile exhaust.
According to Xinhua News Agency, the latest research by Italian scientists shows that the pollution caused by smoke from smoking may exceed the exhaust of some automobile engines.
According to the latest issue of the Italian magazine Tobacco Control, scientists measured the number of suspended particles in the air for 40 minutes in a garage with a volume of 60 cubic meters (garage door open). Then close the door, let a Ford car that uses environmentally friendly diesel fuel ignite for 30 minutes, and then measure the air pollution in the garage. Then use the same method to measure the pollution caused by three specially-made extended cigarettes burning for 30 minutes.
The measurement results show that the pollution index of smoke released by three kinds of cigarettes is 10 times higher than that of diesel combustion.
Smoking every day is more likely to lead to stroke.
According to Xinhua News Agency, a large-scale survey conducted by the research team of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare shows that smoking will greatly increase the risk of stroke. If all people don't smoke, about 6.5438+0.6 million people in Japan can avoid stroke and 6.5438+0.5 million people can avoid death every year.
Among all kinds of stroke, there is a stroke called "subarachnoid hemorrhage" which has the greatest relationship with smoking. Men who smoke less than 20 cigarettes or 20 to 40 cigarettes a day have 3.2 times and 3.8 times the risk of stroke as non-smoking men, respectively. On the whole, the risk of smoking women suffering from this disease is 2.7 times that of non-smoking women. Arachnoid is a layer of meninges wrapped around the surface of the brain like a spider's web, with a gap below. The bleeding that occurs in this space is called subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the symptom is severe headache, often accompanied by neck stiffness.
Smoking also increases the risk of other types of stroke, such as massive cerebral infarction and lacunar cerebral infarction.
Older people who smoke are more likely to suffer from depression.
According to Xinhua News Agency, a study by the University of Hong Kong found that the elderly who smoke are 50% more likely to suffer from depression than those who never smoke, and the risk of male long-term smokers is 62% higher than that of never smokers. The results of this study have been published in the international journal Nordic Journal of Psychiatry.
The researchers interviewed 56 167 elderly people aged 65 or above, and assessed whether the respondents had depressive symptoms according to the 15 "depression index for the elderly" in the questionnaire.
Danqing Lin, head of the Department of Social Medicine at the School of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, said that elderly people who smoke are prone to depressive symptoms. It is believed that nicotine in cigarettes affects the nervous system and leads to emotional disorders. It may also be that elderly people with depressive symptoms use smoking to relieve depression.
passive smoking
Babies who smoke passively are prone to "crying at night"
Some babies are born to like "working the night shift". No matter how coaxed or hugged by adults, children can't be stopped from crying at night. We usually call such children "night crying". Sometimes, children cry all night, which makes parents have a headache and they don't know where the problem lies. In the United States, more than 20% of newborn parents are troubled by "crying at night" at home. For a long time, there is no exact explanation for this crying phenomenon in medicine. However, according to the research of Professor Aymond Shenasa, an epidemiologist at Brown University in the United States, mothers are more likely to smoke during pregnancy or shortly after delivery than non-smoking mothers.
Professor Shenasa of Harvard University and researcher Mary-Joan Brown published this research result in the American Journal of Pediatrics in June+10, 5438. To this end, they summarized and analyzed six studies involving 6.5438+200,000 infants. It was found that mothers who smoked during pregnancy were twice as likely to give birth to "night crying" as non-smoking mothers. In addition, because parents or family members smoke, the baby becomes a "second-hand smoker", which will also increase the probability of him crying for no reason.
Previous studies have proved that smoking during pregnancy will increase the probability of low birth weight, sudden infant death and respiratory diseases.
Adult passive smoking is easy to sleep and snore.
Passive smoking not only makes babies sleep badly at night, but also makes adults snore like thunder at night. According to a study published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care from June 5 to 10, smokers and passive smokers are more likely to snore than others.
Professor Carl Franklin, one of the organizers of this study, believes that smoking or passive smoking is one of the most common factors leading to snoring. The research team observed 15000 men and women aged between 25 and 54 from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and summarized their basic information on smoking, snoring, chronic bronchitis, obesity, gender and age. It was found that among smokers, 24% snored, while among non-smokers, the figure was only 13.7%. Former smokers were not spared, and 20.3% of them snored. In addition, 20% people have never smoked, but because their families smoke, they also become habitual snorers. After fully calculating obesity, sex and age and other factors that may lead to snoring, the researchers concluded that smoking will increase the probability of snoring by 17%, while passive smokers will increase by 2.2%. In contrast, people have always believed that obesity, the most common cause of snoring, will only increase the probability of snoring by 4.3%.
According to Professor Franklin, researchers believe that smoking can stimulate snoring for three reasons. First, smoking and passive smoking can cause upper respiratory tract allergy and inflammation, thus blocking the respiratory tract; Second, when sleeping at night, nicotine inhaled by the human body during the day will be partially released; Third, the toxicity of nicotine can cause damage to nerve cells in muscle tissue of upper respiratory tract.
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Now let's see how harmful smoke is to people:
1 and 1 There are more than 3,000 chemicals and 43 carcinogens in cigarettes. The most serious carcinogen-phenylpropionic acid. Smoking is related to cancer in all parts of the body and is the "first killer" of cancer.
2. In addition to carcinogens, harmful substances in tobacco include carbon monoxide, nicotine and tobacco tar. Scientific research has proved that smoking can produce "nicotine receptors" in the human brain, which makes people addicted. The process of addiction is exactly the same as that of other drug addicts.
3. Harmful substances in smoke can cause damage to human mucosa, blood vessels, cells and various tissues and organs.
4. The mortality rate of lung cancer patients who smoke can be increased by 15 times. If they quit smoking for 5 years, the mortality rate is 10 times, the mortality rate is 5 times in 10 years, and the mortality rate in 15 years is zero. The sooner you quit smoking, the better. Be careful not to quit suddenly, but also gradually reduce it.
Harm of smoke to people in fire
The hazards of fire smoke are concentrated in three aspects:
1 1A。 The toxicity of gas caused a large number of casualties. When the oxygen content in flue gas is lower than normal, people's activity ability is weakened, their intelligence is confused, and even they faint and suffocate; When the content of various toxic gases in flue gas exceeds the minimum concentration allowed by normal physiology, it will cause poisoning death.
1 1b。 The darkening of smoke affects the safe evacuation and fire rescue. Smoke particles in smoke completely block visible light. When smoke diffuses, visible light is greatly weakened by smoke particles, and visibility is greatly reduced. Moreover, smoke is very irritating to people's eyes, which makes people unable to open their eyes and affects the speed of evacuation.
1 1C。 Fear of smoking causes psychological panic. Especially when flashover occurs, flames and smoke rush out of doors and windows, and the fire is fierce and smoke billows, which makes people feel great fear and will cause confusion during evacuation. The normal oxygen content in anoxic air is 265,438+0%. When a building fires, it will consume a lot of oxygen. When the oxygen content is insufficient, it will lead to suffocation. When the oxygen content is 12%- 15%, people will have shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, fatigue and drowsiness; When the oxygen content is 10%- 12%, people will have nausea, vomiting, immobility and even paralysis; When the oxygen content is 6%-8%, people will faint and lose consciousness; When the oxygen content is lower than 6%, people will die within 6-8 minutes; When the oxygen content is 2%-3%, people will die immediately within 45 seconds.
1111carbon monoxide: carbon monoxide is the product of incomplete combustion. When the air content is 0. 1%, people will feel headache, nausea and discomfort after one hour. When the content reaches 0.5%, people will die within 20-30 minutes; When the content is 1%, people will lose consciousness after inhaling for several times, and will die immediately within 1-2 minutes.
111/hydrogen cyanide: this gas will be generated when wool silk and nitrogen-containing plastic products are burned. The effects of different concentrations of hydrogen cyanide on human body are as follows: when the concentration of hydrogen cyanide is 1 10fpm, people will die if it exceeds l hours; When the concentration is 18 1ppm, people will die within 10 minutes; When the concentration reaches 280ppm, people will die immediately.
Drinking alcohol can cause hypertension, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver. Gambling, doing nothing, making people angry, complaining, ruining their families and breaking up their families. Sexually transmitted diseases such as pornography, trance and AIDS need not be mentioned by me. Even if you are not sick, a little carelessness will lead to divorce and family disputes.