Chicken disease is a big threat to modern chicken industry. Chickens are small in size, poor in resistance, high in feeding density and large in population, and are often prone to illness. The disease is not easy to detect at the initial stage, and once it breaks out, it will spread to the whole group quickly and it is difficult to put it out. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines to prevent and treat some infectious diseases. Even if the sick chicken is cured, it will not only cost a lot, but also reduce the production performance and increase the cost. Therefore, only doing a good job in environmental sanitation, strengthening feeding management, paying attention to epidemic prevention and disinfection, and doing a good job in vaccination are the most practical and effective means to nip in the bud.
Any change in animal health can be called a disease, which is caused by pathogenic microorganisms, lack of nutrition or inappropriate environment. Therefore, in general, prevention work should start from two aspects: do a good job in feeding management and eliminate pathogenic factors.
Doing a good job in feeding management is to improve the quality of the whole flock, maintain a healthy physical state and enhance the body's resistance to diseases. So the work to be done can be summarized as three aspects:
First, it is rich in nutrition. According to the age, variety, type, weight and use of chickens, it is fed with complete mixed feed to meet their needs for various nutrients.
Second, carefully feed, do not feed moldy, rancid and rotten materials, do not drink dirty and toxic water, and control the disease from the mouth.
The third is to create an environment, strive to keep the living environment of chickens relatively stable, and require indoor air circulation, reasonable density and appropriate temperature and humidity. Clean frequently, eliminate waste and control pollution. All employees strictly abide by the established feeding management system. Foreigners refuse to visit for fear of bringing bacteria in.
Any chicken farm must establish a series of strict epidemic prevention systems and formulate scientific immunization procedures, strengthen health management, cut off transmission routes and eliminate pathogenic factors. This requires the following measures.
Specialization of production: It is best to keep only the same breed of chickens in a chicken farm. For example, Sha Yi laying hens farm only raises Issa laying hens and does not raise other kinds of laying hens; You can also only raise chickens of the same age and breed in the henhouse.
"all-in and all-out" system: all-in means that only chickens of the same age are raised in the same henhouse; Chickens in the same henhouse are all sold or eliminated at the same time. This system is conducive to the implementation of feeding management and technical measures, the thorough cleaning and disinfection of chicken houses and utensils, and the "clean start" of each batch of chickens.
Avoid cross-infection: chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys or other livestock and poultry cannot be raised together, otherwise some diseases will be difficult to control.
Reasonable structure of henhouse: different types of henhouse (such as hen henhouse, broiler henhouse, chicken henhouse or breeder henhouse, etc.). ) should be as far away as possible in the same chicken farm, and the distance between chicken houses should meet the health and epidemic prevention standards.
Establish a health card: each batch or henhouse should fill in a health card, which lists the variety, incubation date, transfer times and time, preventive administration or vaccination date, vaccine type, onset time, symptoms, causes and treatment results, so as to master the health status, disease types and incidence laws of each batch or henhouse.
Eliminate sick chickens in time: sick chickens are extremely dangerous sources of infection, so we should correctly identify them and eliminate them in time. Strict treatment of sick and dead chickens is of great significance to maintaining the health of the whole group of chickens.
Selecting drugs to kill mold: disinfection and sterilization with drugs is a routine work in chicken farms. All personnel entering the production area, chicken coops and all chicken-related equipment and appliances are disinfection targets. Cleaning first, then applying medicine, the effect is better.
Quarantine and immunization: these two tasks should be carried out regularly. Eliminating sick chickens through quarantine can also prevent exotic chickens from entering the market with diseases. According to the immunization program, chickens can be vaccinated regularly to gain immunity to certain diseases. For example, inoculation with Xincheng vaccine can prevent the occurrence of chicken plague.
Regular deworming: once infected with parasites, chickens grow slowly, lay fewer eggs, become emaciated and weak, consume more substances, and even die in severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly expel insects, especially flat chickens, such as using drugs to prevent chicken coccidiosis.
Preventive medication: purposefully add a proper amount of a drug to the diet or drinking water to enhance the body's resistance and prevent certain diseases; Or preventive administration for a period of time according to epidemic information to avoid the occurrence of diseases.
In a word, although human beings can't completely control various diseases of chickens, they can completely minimize the losses caused by diseases through various efforts and methods.
Common parasitic diseases
nematode disease
Mainly parasitic in the small intestine of chickens, it is a round linear worm. Chickens aged 3-4 months are most susceptible to infection, especially when protein and vitamin feed are insufficient. The clinical symptoms of this disease are anorexia, emaciation and weakness, feather lodging and drooping wings. Adult chickens lay fewer eggs and their eggshells become thinner. Prevention is mainly to strengthen feeding management, pay attention to environmental disinfection and drinking water hygiene.
treat cordially
① Bamboo leaves and Zanthoxylum bungeanum each 15g, stir-fried with slow fire and ground, and each chicken was fed 0.02g of the mixture twice a day for 3 days. ② Tobacco 15g, chopped and fried with slow fire, and each chicken was fed with 0.02g mixture twice a day for 3 days.
cestodiasis
Chickens are infected with cysticercosis by eating flies, earthworms and other intermediate hosts. The main symptoms are diarrhea, feces often contain blood and tapeworm joints, and the small intestine is knotted or inflamed at autopsy, and the intestine is full of white banded worms. The clinical symptoms of sick chickens are squatting on the railing, atrophy, frequent drinking, emaciation and weakness.
treat cordially
(1) 20g of areca nut, ground into fine powder, each time 1-2g, mixed and fed in the morning, once a day1time for 3 days. ② Pomegranate peel10g, neem peel15g, stir-fry into 2-3g each time, mix the ingredients in the morning and feed them three times.
coccidiosis
Mostly occurred in 15-45-day-old chickens. The main symptoms are diarrhea, bloody stool, growth stagnation, mental retardation, stupor, and often emaciation and death, with a mortality rate of more than 50%.
Prevention and treatment
① Strengthen feeding management, pay attention to environmental sanitation and disinfection, and the feeding density of chickens should not be too high. (2) Mash 50 grams of garlic, add 100 ml of water, and mix and feed/kloc-0 times a day for 5-7 days. ③ Portulaca oleracea 150g and Amaranth 150g were chopped and mixed and fed to themselves, once a day, for 5-7 days.
Feather lice and acariasis
Feather lice and mites are ectoparasites parasitic on chicken feathers. Chickens itch and lose their feathers. Chickens are often bald and thin; The laying rate of hens has dropped.
Prevention and treatment
Sand bath method can be used for prevention and control. You can dig a shallow pool in the sports ground, mix 10 part of yellow sand and 2 parts of sulfur powder and put them in the pool for chicken sand bath. At the same time, spray 1% trichlorfon solution in the house and dry the chicken.
histomoniasis
This disease often occurs in warm and hot seasons, and chickens, turkeys and partridges can all be infected. This disease is caused by tissue trichomonas drilling into the cecum wall to reproduce, entering the blood stream and parasitizing the liver. Chickens aged 2 weeks to 4 months are susceptible, and the incubation period is 7- 12 days. Adult chickens can also occur, but recessive infection becomes a carrier. Poor management conditions of chickens, wet henhouses, overcrowding, poor ventilation, insufficient light, poor feed quality, malnutrition and so on. , can become the cause of this disease, and promote the prevalence of this disease and aggravate the condition.
symptom
At the early stage of the disease, sick chickens showed loss of appetite, loose feathers, drooping wings, lethargy, fear of cold and crowding, emaciation, anemia, diarrhea, yellowish or greenish bloody feces, and in severe cases, a lot of blood was discharged. Some sick chickens have congestion on their heads, which is blue-purple and is called "blackhead disease".
treat cordially
① Furazolidone. Add 0.04% to the feed, that is, add 4 tablets per kilogram of feed (0. 1g per tablet) for 5-7 days. ② Metronidazole (metronidazole). 400 mg/kg was mixed into feed for 5-7 days. ③ Levamisole. When the sick chicken turns over, it is used to drive away divorced nematodes, with a weight of 25 mg/kg (1tablet) once. Can also be injected, commonly used is 5% injection, muscle injection of 0.5 ml per kilogram of body weight.