1.？ Blood routine examination: Blood routine examination is a routine examination to evaluate the quantity and status of various cells and blood cell components in blood. This test usually uses an automatic blood cell counter to evaluate the basic condition of blood by detecting indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets in blood samples.
2.？ Clinical chemical detection: Clinical chemical detection evaluates the concentration of various biochemical substances in blood and provides information about physical health and function. These detection techniques include various laboratory instruments and methods, such as photometer, electrochemical method and enzyme analysis. By detecting blood sugar, renal function index, liver function index, blood lipid level, electrolyte and other substances, we can evaluate the metabolism and internal function of the body.
3.？ Immunoassay: Immunoassay evaluates the immune system response and the presence of specific antibodies in blood. These tests usually use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay? (ELISA), fluorescence immunoassay, immunoamplification and other methods, by detecting the interaction between antibodies and antigens to determine whether there is an infection, immunopathology or allergic reaction.
4.？ Molecular diagnosis and genetic testing: molecular diagnosis and genetic testing evaluate genetic materials and DNA sequences in blood for early detection and diagnosis of genetic diseases, tumor markers and infectious pathogens. These detection methods include a variety of molecular biology techniques, such as PCR? (polymerase chain reaction), sequencing and DNA microarray analysis
The above are just some examples of common blood test principles, and the specific principles will vary according to the different test items and technical methods used in the laboratory. In Hong Kong laboratories, laboratory technicians will choose appropriate testing items and methods according to the requirements of doctors or patients, and use accurate and reliable instruments and reagents to test and analyze blood samples.