What is albinism? Speaking of this disease, many people have heard of it. So how is albinism caused, and what are the prevention methods of albinism? Let me tell y
What is albinism? Speaking of this disease, many people have heard of it. So how is albinism caused, and what are the prevention methods of albinism? Let me tell you!
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Albinism is a hereditary leukoplakia caused by the lack or decline of tyrosinase function, which leads to the lack or synthesis disorder of melanin in panel and accessory organs. The patient's retina has no pigment, iris and pupil are pale pink, and he is afraid of light. Panels, eyebrows, hair and other body hairs are all white or yellow-white. Albinism is a family hereditary disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which occurs in people who get married by close relatives. Genetic map of albinism: Both parents of the patient carry albinism gene, and they do not develop the disease themselves. If both husband and wife pass on the pathogenic genes to their children at the same time, the children will get sick. Ocular albinism is an X-linked recessive inheritance, which is caused when the albinism gene carried by the mother is passed on to her son, but generally not to her daughter.
Early researchers had many different inferences about the causes of albinism, but none of them were correct. It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that scientists really affirmed that albinism was caused by gene abnormality controlling tyrosinase, which was a congenital metabolic abnormality with defects in melanin production process, and it was a recessive genetic disease of somatic chromosomes and a single-gene genetic disease. Tyrosinase can convert tyrosine into melanin. Melanin lacking in albinos is produced in melanocytes.
However, human pigment cells mainly exist in the face plate, hair follicles and eyes, and their normal function is closely related to the activity of tyrosinase, which is the raw material for forming melanin and needs tyrosinase as the locomotive for catalyzing a series of biochemical reaction steps. Because the process of melanin production is quite complicated, it often involves other organ and system diseases, such as abnormal orientation of optic nerve fibers, bleeding tendency, immune abnormality and wax lipid accumulation, a rare fatty disease and so on. However, except for optic neuropathy, everything else is quite rare. This shows that genes control the metabolic process by controlling the synthesis of enzymes, and then control the traits of organisms.
Classification of albinism
Albinism can be divided into two groups. One is common ocular albinism, and the body cannot produce melanin. The other is albinism with abnormal immune system, which is related to the defects of cell proteins such as melanin.
Albinism can be divided into the following three categories according to clinical phenotypic characteristics.
1. ocular albinism
The patient only has decreased or lack of eye pigment, and has different degrees of poor vision, photophobia and other symptoms.
Patients have different degrees of poor eyesight, photophobia and other symptoms.
2. Ocular albinism
In addition to eye pigment deficiency, poor eyesight, photophobia and other symptoms, the patient's face plate and hair have obvious pigment deficiency.
3. Albinism-related syndrome
In addition to albinism to a certain extent, patients have other abnormalities, such as Chediak-Higashi syndrome with low immune function and hemorrhagic Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, which are rare.
Dietary preventive measures for albinism
Albino patients should be careful not to eat food containing oxalic acid, such as spinach, otherwise it may cause itching on the face plate, and vitamin C can whiten the skin, so albino patients should try to avoid eating it. Usually, you can eat more foods such as black sesame seeds and black beans, which can * * * the activity of tyrosinase, thus promoting the formation of melanin.
If the patient suffers from severe anemia and hypothyroidism at this time, he should go to the corresponding department for examination and then take medicine according to the symptoms. Among them, albino patients have obvious damage to the eyes. It is generally recommended to wear sunglasses when going out. You can usually eat some foods that are good for your eyes, such as carrots and corn.
People with albinism should eat more foods containing copper, zinc, iron and other metal elements. Iron is one of the main raw materials for human body to synthesize hemoglobin. Iron supplements include animal liver, fungus, day lily, yuba, celery, mushrooms, beef and mutton, etc., which can enhance tyrosinase activity and accelerate the synthesis of melanin. In addition to eating these, you can also eat Harbin medicine brand calcium, iron and zinc oral liquid if you want to supplement iron. Harbin Pharmaceutical brand calcium, iron and zinc oral liquid can help us to supplement the iron needed by the human body. It is a very good health care product, which is very helpful to protect human health and is worth buying. & gt& gt& gt Click to buy calcium, iron and zinc oral liquid of Harbin pharmaceutical brand. Now as long as 32 yuan, what are you waiting for? Come and have a look!
Clinical manifestations of albinism
The whole body panel of albinism is milky white or pink, and the hair is pale white or yellowish. Due to the lack of melanin protection, the patient's panel is highly sensitive to light, and it is prone to sunburn and various photosensitive dermatitis after sun exposure. Basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma may occur. Due to the lack of pigment in the eyes, the iris is pink or light blue, and symptoms such as photophobia, tears, nystagmus and astigmatism often appear. Most albinos suffer from poor physical and mental development.
Measures to prevent and treat albinism
The main harm of albinism is the damage to vision. A very small number of albinos can die of immunodeficiency or pulmonary fibrosis in childhood or middle age, which is one of the serious genetic diseases that need intervention. Although the condition of regional albinism is not very serious, many patients are in urgent need of treatment if the lesions occur on the face or distal limbs, which seriously affects their appearance. There is no radical cure for albinism except symptomatic treatment, and prevention is the mainstay.
The main harm of albinism is the damage to vision.
Reducing consanguineous marriage through genetic counseling is one of the important preventive measures.
2. Prenatal genetic diagnosis is also an important guarantee to prevent the birth of children with this disease.
Prevention should minimize the damage of ultraviolet rays to eyes and panels. Some auxiliary glasses or surgical treatment may improve some vision, but it is difficult to fully recover.