What do you mean by "four outstanding figures in Jin and Yuan Dynasties"?

It refers to the four major medical schools in ancient China during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Liu's theory of fiery heat, his theory of attacking evil, his theory of spleen and stomach and Zhu Zhenheng's theory of nourishing yin.

1, Liu, word Shouzhen, No.,Hejian. He strongly advocated the theory of luck in medicine, wrote the eight-volume Illustration Essentials of Su Wen, and studied Su Wen with the theory of luck. He also wrote a volume "Su Wen Yuan Ji Original Disease Type", which discussed in detail the principle of five movements and six qi movements.

2. Zhang Congzheng, a native of Kaocheng, Suizhou. He admires Liu in theory, and his medication is a cold. On the basis of studying the ancient medical book "sweating and vomiting method", Zhang created "sweating and vomiting method", arguing that the focus of treatment is to exorcise evil spirits, so don't be afraid to attack and recuperate.

3. Colliers' name is Zhi Ming, and it's Mr. Dong Yuan. City people. Since I was a child, I have spared no expense to learn medicine from the famous doctor Zhang, and I have benefited the most from it. Zhang advocated that ancient prescriptions were not used to treat diseases, and that "luck was irregular, and ancient prescriptions were incompatible with new diseases". He founded the theory that ancient prescriptions were different from new diseases and changed the method of medication.

4. Zhu Zhenheng, Yan Xiu, was honored as Danxi Weng by scholars. Wuzhou Yiwu people. At first, he taught subjects, and later he abandoned Confucian medicine. Worship as a teacher, Liu, Liu and Liu give books. He studied these three theories, deduced their meanings, and advocated "treating prescription according to illness" and opposed "defending prescription".

Extended data 1. Liu was smart, studious and well-read since childhood. When he was 25 years old, his mother suddenly became seriously ill. She went to the doctor for treatment three times, but she didn't get well. As a result, her illness was not treated in time and soon deteriorated and died. This unfortunate experience deeply moved Liu. He hated himself for losing his mother's life because he didn't know medicine. From then on, he made up his mind to study medicine.

At the beginning, he studied under Teacher Chen (Chen Shiyi), and after his completion, he practiced medicine independently, and his reputation grew. He is a doctor, specializing in Su Wen, studying day and night, never releasing the volume, and finally getting the general idea. According to its principle, combined with the characteristics of the northern environment and the people's mellow diet and strong physique.

Focusing on the pathogenesis of nineteen articles in Neijing, he advocated the mechanism theory of febrile diseases, controlled cold and attacked evil, and made good use of Fangfeng Tongsheng powder and double dissolution, which was named in the years of Dading and Mingchang (1161~1kloc-0/95). Jin Yanzong was recruited three times, but he refused to give up. Zhang Zong loved him, and he was named "Mr. Noble".

His innovative theory is widely spread and has many followers, including Jingshan Futu, Mu, Ma Zongsu, Chonghong, Changde, Dong Bu and Liu. And there are many private scholars, such as Zhang Congzheng, Cheng Hui, Liu Jifu and Pan Tianpo. Finally, an obvious cold medical style was formed to attack evil spirits. It created a new situation in the development of medicine in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and formed an important academic school "Hejian School" in Jin and Yuan Dynasties.

2. Zhang Congzheng always attributed the disease to the invasion of different external pathogens. He emphasized that pathogenic factors caused diseases, not ignoring the shortcomings of the human body, or ignoring the positive and negative aspects of the disease process. He believes that the disease is mainly caused by pathogenic factors. If the vital qi is supplemented first, it will not flourish, but it will encourage the role of pathogenic factors and damage the vital qi, and it will not restore the vital qi of the human body.

Just like the method of controlling water and building dikes, because the river is not clear, the flood can't be controlled. The method of eliminating pathogenic factors is similar to treating floods and dredging rivers, but it can eliminate pathogenic factors and restore healthy qi. Therefore, Zhang put forward the dialectical relationship between attacking evil and strengthening the right, and thought that "if you don't make up, you will really make up"

His theory of eliminating evil emphasizes that the human body should take the access of qi and blood as the norm. He thinks that Neijing only pays attention to the circulation of qi and blood. Therefore, from this understanding, Zhang put forward the view that "the old people will have a clean stomach when they go, and the sick will be healthy and prosperous when they are tired". He believes that by combating evil spirits, qi can be regulated, qi and blood can be dredged, and "up and down are smooth, qi and blood are smooth and not stagnant", thus achieving the goal of restoring health.

3. Gao Li is talented, calm and quiet since childhood, and loves reading. He was born in a scholarly family, and his parents were also people who admired books and had close contacts with celebrities and scholars at that time. His family is a rich local family with money. Although Gao Li was born in a wealthy family, his life is rigorous and his behavior is sincere and respectable.

At the age of twenty, his mother Wang was ill in bed, and later died because of various doctors' treatment of miscellaneous diseases. Gao Li regretted that he didn't know medicine and lost his biological mother, so he decided to study medicine. At that time, Zhang Zaixiao was a famous doctor in this area. Gao Li was eager to seek medical treatment. He left his hometown for more than 400 miles to donate his daughter to worship him as a teacher.

With his solid and profound literary foundation, after several years of hard study, Gaoli "learned as much as possible and made more explanations". His reputation surpassed that of teachers and he became a great doctor. When a patient comes to see a doctor, he always feels the pulse first, distinguishes the pulse condition, then makes a diagnosis, tells the patient what disease he has, and then analyzes and compares it from medical classics.

Prove that your diagnosis is completely in line with medical classics, and don't pick up the prescription before convincing the patient. After years of clinical practice, Gaoli's medical skills have become more and more exquisite, and he can diagnose and treat various diseases. At that time, people thought he was a great doctor.

4. Zhu Zhenheng's medical skill is brilliant, and the clinical treatment effect is like a drum. People are also called "Zhu Yitie" and "Zhu" because there are many cases where there is no need to return to the clinic for medication. He studied Confucianism first and then changed to medicine. On the basis of studying and studying classic works such as Nan Jing, he visited famous doctors all over the world and passed them on to his eldest son under the guidance of Empress Liu, becoming a generation of famous doctors.

Zhu Zhenheng believes that the three schools have no methods to nourish yin except purging fire, attacking evil spirits, tonifying middle energizer and benefiting qi. He advocated the theory that "Yang is always abundant and Yin is often insufficient", founded the pathogenesis theory of yin deficiency and fire excess, and affirmed the importance of yin and essence in the human body, and was called the founder of "Ziyin School" by later generations.

It, together with Liu, Liu and Liu, is known as the "Four Masters of Jin and Yuan Dynasties" and occupies an important position in the medical history of China. He was the most famous doctor in Yuan Dynasty, with many disciples and widely circulated prescriptions.

He is the author of Ge Zhi Yu Lun, Fang Ju Drama, Danxi Heart Method, Synopsis of Golden Chamber, Su Wen Zheng lue, Supplement to Materia Medica Yan Yi, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and Surgical Tips Drama.

Baidu encyclopedia-four outstanding figures in Jinyuan