Graduation is just around the corner, and it is inevitable to exchange news between teachers and students and classmates. Occasionally looking through the students' guestbook, some gray words are shocking: "Life is like a dream, and dreams will always accompany you!" "Don't forget your buddy-I ..." "I wish you always smile, you have to smile anyway!" "My greatest wish is that you will be rich and powerful in the future." Such low-style, depressed, pessimistic, vulgar and boring news directly affects the value of the news and also has a negative impact on the other party. I think it is necessary to help students distinguish healthy and positive words from vulgar words and give some guidance to students' creative words.
1. Theme health. The message should promote the positive theme, encourage, spur or praise the other person, and make it an "accelerator" for his future life. Common types are:
(1) Incentive message. For example, "life after separation is like a street, let's add beautiful scenery to the long street together."
(2) wishing words. For example, "life is like a long river, I wish you were a persistent boat;" Life is like a boat. May you be a sailor rain or shine. "
(3) Compliments. For example, "your unassuming personality makes me feel very quiet, and there is a calm heart like water."
(4) Nostalgic words. For example, "I twist my thoughts into a long red line, so that your flying kite can fly in my blue sky forever."
(5) Pseudowords. For example, "what you didn't pick is just a flower in spring, and the whole spring still belongs to you, my friend, don't lose heart!" " "
2. Unique style. Most open and enthusiastic students like personalized words. In this regard, teachers can teach them some distinctive gift forms. Common ones are:
(1) poetic style. For example, "the sun will go away/the flowers will fade/only your friendship with me/is eternal."
(2) Lyric style. For example, "before I leave, I will give you a beautiful ideal and make him your tenacious crutch;" I will give you a smart bag and make it a passport to your life. "
(3) aphorisms. For example, "What is a road? The road is opened from a place with thorns, and it is stepped out from a place without roads. "
(4) Double type. For example, "sincere friendship needs no commitment, and eternal love needs no agreement."
(5) Equality. For example, "your beauty = rigorous work style+enthusiastic spirit of helping others+dynamic innovation ability."
3. Suitable for everyone. Leave a message to avoid sameness, and create "this one" according to students' personality, interests, hobbies, ambitions, specialties, genus and even looks.
Give it to a strong-willed friend: for example, "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, power can't be bent, and you are a gentleman."
For sincere friends: For example, "Our friendship is like the sea, with the most sincere friendship in the world and endless vastness and tolerance between people."
For pessimistic students: for example, "life is sometimes not as good as you think, but it is not as bad as you think." May you face life with a smile and have a good trip! "
Give it to students with strong inertia: for example, "Don't just wait for spring like flowers, but fly in spring like swallows."
For narrow-minded students: For example, "Tolerance is an open-minded attitude towards life and a harmonious life color, so that tolerance will always light up the blue sky in our hearts."
Give it to students who lack self-confidence: for example, "flowers have their fragrance, so you don't have to blow them." Your potential is waiting for you to develop. "
For students who are not good at talking: for example, "Silence is not heavy, silence is gold, but sometimes it turns into copper."
Give it to weak-willed students: For example, "Scrap iron can be turned into useful steel because it can withstand painful tempering."
Give it to the students who belong to the horse: for example, "May you become a never-ending swift horse and run to the ideal grassland."
Give it to the "ugly duckling" in the class: for example, "People are cute not because they are beautiful, but because they are cute. Meeting and saying goodbye, returning to sail and sailing, is not only the end of past joy, but also the beginning of future happiness. "
(Cao)
Examples of information written by teachers to students
Diligence is a bee, it can help you brew the honey of happiness.
Hard sweat can produce ideal flowers.
● Measure a day, look at sowing rather than harvest.
● Kung Fu comes from difficulties and learning comes from hardships.
● Treat praise as a "gas station" and criticism as a "health care box".
● If you want to pick up the needle that fell to the ground, you need to bow your head; The cake hanging around the neck needs to be lifted with both hands before it can be sent to the mouth; Any achievement needs hard work.
Let's learn the spirit of earthworms, persevere and persevere; Let's keep in mind the motto "No pains, no gains", keep our feet on the ground and make progress despite difficulties.
● Reading makes the future, knowledge changes fate, and attitude determines everything!
● Failure in life, no success is the real success; Success in life, any failure is not a real failure.
● Listen to music when the spirit is "thirsty"; When the spirit is "hungry", read a book.
● Never too old to learn. Only with an open mind and continuous progress can we become "winners".
(5) How to write a proposal
A proposal is a special letter, which puts forward suggestions to leaders or individuals for a specific work or plan. There are similarities and differences with the proposal.
The proposal also contains "suggestions", similar to the proposal. However, the proposal is generally read, posted or published in public, and the content is public, which is a written call. The content of the initiative has been widely recognized by the public. However, few people read, post or publish the proposal in public, because its content is only a statement of personal views, for the other party's reference only. Therefore, the proposal generally adopts the tone of discussion, which is not as inspiring as the proposal.
Proposal content: ① Setting the situation: The purpose of setting the situation is to attract the attention of the other party; (2) Give reasons: state the reasons for the proposal in order to arouse the other party's thinking; (3) Making suggestions: generally, suggestions are made in the form of clauses in the hope that the other party will take action. The first two parts are the foundation, and the third part is the subject. The content of each part can be more or less, longer or shorter. In order to be clear and eye-catching, clause statements are generally used. Of course, if there are not many suggestions, clauses can be omitted. 4 end: generally write some modest words, such as "the above suggestions are for reference only". ⑤ The opening and signature are the same as other special letters.
(six) the format of the proposal
Initiative is advocacy and suggestion. A proposal is a special letter written to advocate and initiate an activity. For example, it is proposed to launch a proposal to save the national treasure giant panda; Suggestions on donating money to Project Hope. These appeal letters published in newspapers or posted on campus are all examples of marriage proposals.
The proposal follows the general letter format and has its own characteristics. Generally speaking, it is divided into who initiated, what initiated, who initiated and the date of initiation, which is similar to the general special letter. The characteristic is that the first line does not write the title, but the title of the initiative, such as "saving the national treasure giant panda initiative" and "establishing the Lei Feng group initiative". Then write the called object at the top of another line. But the address is not as real as the letter, just a general title. Sometimes you can write the text directly without writing the title.
Explanation and practice skills of "comprehensive review"
1. Comprehensive Review is a reference for teachers to organize review or carry out quality inspection. Teachers can choose according to the actual teaching situation of the class, and can use them all or part of them.
2. Comprehensive review materials can be used in the final review, or they can be used in the whole semester. If arranged in a decentralized way, some of them can be appropriately linked with the teaching of texts. For example, the study of the article "Prison Gala" can be arranged after the third group has read the text commemorating the revolutionary ancestors; The article Flower of Wisdom can guide students to read after studying Robinson Crusoe.
3. The key to doing a good review is to arouse students' enthusiasm, let students take the initiative to study and practice, self-test and self-evaluation. Every review, teachers should put forward specific and clear requirements, and arrange enough time for students to read carefully and complete relevant exercises (some exercises should be answered in writing, and some can draw notes or list simple outlines in the book to prepare for the speech during the exchange), and on this basis, organize appropriate exchange inspections to guide students to evaluate themselves.
4. The following practice tips are for teachers to refer to when checking students' self-study and self-practice. Don't speak as a ready-made answer, and don't limit students' personalized and creative understanding and expression.
1. Raise flowers
This is Mr. Lao She's prose, which expresses the joy of flower cultivation by writing about the process of flower cultivation.
The first problem is to understand words by looking them up in a dictionary.
This question is a review and examination of students' autonomous literacy ability, especially their ability to choose word meanings from dictionaries.
Strange flowers and different grasses: strange and special. Strange flowers and different grasses, strange flowers and different grasses.
It rains cats and dogs: the vessel is upside down or askew, and all the contents are poured out. It's raining cats and dogs. It's raining like water in a basin. It is heavy.
Leave it alone: put it aside. Ignore, throw away, ignore.
Three years and five years: years. Three years and five years, three years and five years.
Travel by candlelight: persistence, persistence. Travel by candlelight at night and play with candles at night.
The second problem is to draw a sentence from the text that can explain "this cycle" concretely.
This question is to review and check students' ability to understand words in context. The sentence to be drawn is in the fourth paragraph: "When I work, I always write for a while, go to the yard to have a look, water the tree, move the pot, then go back to the house to write for a while, and then go out."
The third question, combined with specific examples in the article, talks about the fun the author learned from planting flowers.
The third paragraph of the article talks about planting flowers to increase your knowledge. The fourth paragraph talks about raising flowers, which is hard but beneficial to the body and mind. The fifth paragraph and the sixth paragraph describe the happiness and sadness of planting flowers respectively. The last paragraph summarizes the fun of growing flowers: there are joys and sorrows, laughter and tears, flowers and fruits, and fragrant colors. It needs both labor and knowledge.
When checking the communication, let the students talk about the author's pleasure in raising flowers in general, and then each person will talk about one aspect with specific examples in the text.
2. How vast life is.
This is a poem by the famous poet He Qifang. This poem expresses the feelings of life and the poet's love and pursuit of life.
The first question, in my own words, is the meaning of a few profound poems.
These three sentences are all from the third section of the poem, which are about the correct attitude towards life.
"Keep your eyes open in ordinary things" means: pay attention to observation and discover beautiful things and beautiful hearts in ordinary life.
"Ignite the fire of others with your own fire" means: helping others enthusiastically in life.
"Find your heart with your heart" means: treat people sincerely, treat people sincerely.
The second question, combined with my own life experience, is to write some poems after the second quarter.
In the second section of this poem, 1 1 "Go ……" is used to describe the vastness of life. Let the students write some poems later, that is, write their colorful life in the form of "Go ……".
3. Yilong is in China.
Starting with "A Dragon in China", this paper talks about the formation process and symbolic significance of the artistic image of "Dragon", the symbol of the Chinese nation, and praises the splendid Chinese culture.
The first question, with the help of a dictionary, correctly read the pronunciation of punctuated words. This question is not only to correctly pronounce some new words, but also to review and look them up in the dictionary. For words you don't know, you should use radical search method, while the article "Raising Flowers" should look up all the words you know, and you can use phonetic search method. This article reviews two main methods of looking up a dictionary.
The radicals of "Pu", "Jing", "lizard", "Raft" and "Yuanjing" are obvious, and their pronunciations are pú, Gu ǐ ng, xρ, chuán and zhǔ respectively. "Yi" is a word. Check the "easy" part and send y √.
Second question, which dragon does "pterosaur of China" refer to? What are its characteristics?
"A dragon in China" refers to a dragon unearthed from a primitive social tomb 5,000 years ago in Puyang, Henan.
This kind of dragon is characterized by rough shape and looks like a lizard.
3. How is the artistic image of the dragon formed? What have you learned from this artistic image?
The artistic image of the dragon was created by our ancestors through imagination. The fourth paragraph of the article specifically talks about the process of our ancestors creating this artistic image. Students can say it in their own words on the basis of understanding.
From the artistic image of dragons, we can appreciate the imagination and creative spirit of our ancestors, the ideals and hopes of our ancestors, and the long history and splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Students can talk about their experiences in combination with the text.
Fourth, copy the words with the word "dragon" in the text and write a few more words with the word "dragon".
The words with the word "dragon" in the article are: ambitious, energetic, leaping dragon and tiger, auspicious and leaping dragon and tiger. There are many words with the word "dragon", such as Crouching Tiger, Crouching Tiger, Dragon Plate with Tiger Position, Dragon Horse Spirit, Traffic, Dragon and Phoenix Dance. Just draw a dragon to make it clear. Personal thinking and mutual communication can enrich students' vocabulary accumulation.
4. Prison party
This passage is selected from the novel Red Rock. "Prison" refers to the scum hole in the Sino-US Cooperation Center set up by Kuomintang reactionaries under Geleshan in the suburb of Chongqing on the eve of liberation. The text is about 1949 revolution in New Year's Day concentration camp. They skillfully used the opportunity to celebrate the New Year to celebrate the great victory of the People's Liberation War throughout the country, showing the firm revolutionary belief and optimism of the producers who are facing death threats at any time.
The first question is to read the text silently at a faster speed, and then fill in the process of meeting in prison.
This topic is to grasp the main content and narrative order of the text through silent reading. The process of getting together in prison is: singing, giving gifts to each other and posting couplets.
Question 2: Choose a couplet in the text and read and understand the meaning of the couplet.
The five couplets in this paper have a common feature: literally, there are no revolutionary words and no one can be caught by the enemy, but at that time, everyone can understand the meaning of cheering the revolutionary situation, praising the revolutionaries and attacking the reactionaries contained in these couplets. This feature of revolutionaries posting couplets may be difficult for students to understand. Teachers should give appropriate hints, and then let students choose a pair and talk about what they have learned.
Read the text "The orangutan came to the door of Room 7 in the building and stood still ... The orangutan pretended not to hear and slipped away", and talk about what he learned from it.
This problem is actually a further concretization of the previous one. The couplet in Room 7 of the building: "Two skylights-air vents, one air door-extending the head", and the banner "Enjoy it" can best reflect the revolutionary's optimistic and humorous taste. The picky orangutan may realize some unusual significance after reading it, but he can't grasp the handle and can only slip away helplessly. On the basis of students reading since the enlightenment by themselves, exchange inspiration with each other, and the teacher will give appropriate guidance. Then you can read this part in different roles.
5. A number of famous monuments
Taking the stone carvings collected in Xi 'an Beilin as an example, this paper introduces several representative calligraphers and their masterpieces in the history of calligraphy art in China, which reflects the brilliant achievements of China's calligraphy art.
The first question is to write the names of several calligraphers introduced in the text in the narrative order of the text.
The calligraphers introduced in this paper are Wang Xizhi, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan.
2. What are the characteristics of these calligraphers' calligraphy? Draw one or two words from the text that best express the artistic characteristics of everyone's calligraphy.
This paper introduces Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style as "chic and delicate"; Ou Yangxun's words are "vigorous and strict statutes"; Yan Zhenqing "uses a pen to hide the front evenly, the inside is just warm outside, and the words are rounded and powerful"; Liu Gongquan's ci is vigorous and rigorous.
After the students have finished drawing these words, the teacher had better take out the calligraphy works of these calligraphers for the students to watch, so as to learn more about these words extracted from the text. Attached below are the Preface Monument to Tang Sanzang, the Birthday Monument to Huangfu in Ou Yangxun, the Monument to Yan Liqin in Yan Zhenqing and the Monument to Xuanta in Liu Gongquan collected by the eminent monks of Tang Dynasty, for teachers to choose from.
The Preface of Wang Xizhi's Collection by Huairen Monk "Three Sanzang Monuments in Datang" (Part)
Ou Yangxun Huangfu Birthday Monument (partial), Yan Zhenqing Yanbei Monument (partial) and Liu Gongquan Mysterious Pagoda Monument (partial) The third question simulates the forest of steles, and introduces a calligrapher's calligraphy works in combination with his own practice of copying calligraphy.
When students learn to write Chinese calligraphy, the copybooks are mainly composed of Yan style, European style and Liu Ti. Let students talk about the characteristics of a certain calligraphy style in combination with their actual feelings of learning Chinese calligraphy.
6.amber
Amber is a fossil of ancient turpentine. This paper describes the formation process of a piece of amber through reasonable imagination.
The first question, what are the characteristics of this amber written in the article? Draw one or two sentences that best describe the characteristics of amber.
The last paragraph of the text tells the characteristics of this amber. One sentence that best illustrates the characteristics of this amber is: "In that transparent amber, there are two little things lying well. We can see every hair on their bodies. There are several black rings on their legs.
The second question, in my own words, is how the author thinks about the process of amber formation.
The formation of amber has gone through two stages: first, the rosin dripping from the old pine tree wraps flies and spiders, and the rosin continues to drip, covering the original material and accumulating into rosin balls; Second, the sea flooded the forest, and the turpentine ball was submerged under the sediment. Thousands of years later, turpentine balls became fossils. The text describes the previous stage in detail. Writing about the fossilization of turpentine balls is very simple and easy to be ignored by students. When checking communication, teachers should pay attention to this and remind them when necessary.
The third question, specifically understand the basis for the author to imagine the formation of amber.
The title lists five contents included in the author's imagination. These imaginations are well-founded and reasonable.
(1) Roughly speaking, it has been ten thousand years. It takes so long to turn turpentine into turpentine balls and then from turpentine balls to fossils.
One summer, the sun was shining warmly. It must be summer, the weather is very hot, and the old pine trees can ooze resin.
(3) The sea is churning and roaring in the distance. This piece of amber was found by a fisherman's son on the beach, which is the basis for imagining that the sea water gradually approached the forest and finally flooded the forest.
There are many tall pine trees in the forest. If there were no tall pine trees, there would be no turpentine.
(5) As soon as the spider pounced, a big drop of turpentine dripped from the pine tree and landed on the trunk, wrapping the fly and the spider together. The basis of this imagination is the characteristics of that piece of amber. If it weren't for such a coincidence, these two little things wouldn't be "still lying well" in Transparent Amber.
7. the flower of wisdom
This article tells the story of two children and praises their wit and courage.
The first question is to know which two stories are told in the article.
The protagonist of the first story is Maria, a little Uighur girl. She used her basic knowledge of electricity to save five male students who were electrocuted on the premise of self-protection. The hero of the second story is Jiang Xue, a little girl from Northeast China. She skillfully reported the seller of spoiled popsicles to the Imperial Examination of the Administration for Industry and Commerce, which used the law to protect herself and her companions from harm. These two stories reflect the idea that children should learn to protect themselves and learn to survive.
Question 2: choose one of the two stories to abbreviate, and the number of words should not exceed 150.
In short, we should pay attention to three points: first, we should grasp the main content of the story and make things clear; Second, sentences should be fluent and coherent; Third, it does not exceed the prescribed number of words. Before students abbreviate, teachers should make clear requirements from these aspects. After students abbreviate, they can also check and evaluate from these aspects, and give guidance as appropriate in combination with the actual situation of students.
Third, read these two stories and think about something.
This can be arranged as an exercise. According to the tip of the topic, students can choose the content of the exercise from two angles. One is the feeling of writing and reading these two stories; The second is to write other stories that you know to protect yourself or help others. The former focuses on writing "feelings", that is, practicing writing after reading; The latter focuses on writing people and things, and is practicing writing factual compositions.
After the students finish their homework according to the prompts, the teachers should make comments. Through mutual evaluation and discussion between teachers and students, students can be inspired and rewarded in their writing after reading and writing factual compositions.
8. "Read the instructions for making a toy desk lamp"
This reading material consists of two parts: one part is the instruction for making a small toy desk lamp, and the other part is the small desk lamp made by two students reading the instruction.
The first question, the desk lamp made by two students, which is right or wrong?
This question is relatively easy. According to the understanding of the desk lamp, it can be judged that the small desk lamp in Figure 2 is right and the small desk lamp in Figure 1 is wrong.
The second question, look at the instructions. What did the wrong student do wrong? Draw the step he didn't do right in the explanation.
The small desk lamp of figure 1 is wrong in that the bulb is installed outside the lampshade. What he didn't do right is the third step of explanation. What the students want to draw is: (3) Insert the other end of the lead wire into the small hole of the table tennis. Glue around the hole. Make a small light bulb with red plasticine on the head of lead wire.
The third question, what the students did wrong, is also related to the unclear explanation. Can you make that part of the text clearer?
For those who have seen the desk lamp, the third step of the method is clearly explained in the manual, and there will be no mistake of installing the light bulb outside the lampshade. But for those who have never seen a desk lamp, the instructions here are not rigorous enough. "Insert the other end of the lead wire into the small hole of the table tennis", is it inserted from the outside of the table tennis or from the inside of the table tennis? It was here that the classmate who put the light bulb outside the lampshade made a mistake. Let's change this sentence to "insert the other end of the lead wire into the small hole from the outside of the table tennis", which is more clear.
9. Write a letter to friends and relatives in other places
This exercise is for students to write a letter to their distant relatives or friends, introducing themselves and their ideas about graduating from primary school.
This is not a letter-writing exercise in a virtual situation, but a real communication activity. This kind of real communication, writing and sending out what you want to tell each other most, is very conducive to a more comprehensive review of how to write letters and envelopes. Teachers should pay attention to whether the format of the letter written by students is correct, whether the tone in the letter conforms to their own identity, whether the address and postal code on the envelope are written correctly, and give specific guidance to the problems found.