Due to various diseases of Penaeus japonicus, at present, most places adopt the breeding method of releasing seedlings in autumn and winter without feeding and letting them grow freely, which has always been low in yield and low in benefit. The author introduced a new method of breeding Penaeus japonicus, which has good benefits. The main measures are as follows:
First, the preparation work before seedling release
1, shrimp ponds are selected. The shrimp ponds are complete and without loopholes. The bottom material is sandy and muddy, and the water quality requires fresh and pollution-free.
2. Dredging and pumping will scour the bottom of the pool and wash away silt.
Second, stock trading.
1. fry should be healthy, full of energy and sound limbs.
2. Seed transportation adopts double plastic bags filled with oxygen.
3. Seedlings should be released at 4-6 pm on sunny days. Put the plastic bag into the water first, and then put the seedlings into the pool when the water temperature inside and outside the bag is almost the same.
Third, the daily management
1. When feeding and releasing seedlings, no feed will be given in the first week, and feeding will be started in the second week. The prawns were fed at 8: 00 am and 4: 00 pm, and the feeding rate was 5% (fixed feeding was used to observe the feeding situation).
2. Observe the survival rate. From the third week after seeding, the survival rate was observed by drainage and electric shock to decide whether to replant.
3. Detoxification and water quality control: from the day of feeding, drain water once every two weeks, promote molting by electric shock, and disinfect the water with 10ppm bleaching powder and 5ppm quicklime.
4, disease prevention from the third week after the seedlings are released, the drug bait is fed, and 1 kg of the bait is added with 1 g vitamin C.
Fourth, harvest
Use electric shock to catch shrimp, catch the big ones and keep the small ones.
New technology of shrimp culture in Japan
Penaeus japonicus is widely distributed in the world, with tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. It is a high-protein and low-fat food that people love to see. Penaeus japonicus has wide feeding habits, short culture cycle and low culture cost. Many countries in the world carry out aquaculture, and Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian in the south of China are all suitable for breeding Penaeus japonicus. Due to various diseases of Penaeus japonicus, at present, most places adopt the breeding method of releasing seedlings in autumn and winter without feeding and letting them grow freely, which has always been low in yield and low in benefit. The author introduced a new method of breeding Penaeus japonicus, which has good benefits. The main measures are as follows:
First, the preparation work before seedling release
1, shrimp ponds are selected. The shrimp ponds are complete and without loopholes. The bottom material is sandy and muddy, and the water quality requires fresh and pollution-free.
2. Dredging and pumping will scour the bottom of the pool and wash away silt.
Second, stock trading.
1. fry should be healthy, full of energy and sound limbs.
2. Seed transportation adopts double plastic bags filled with oxygen.
3. Seedlings should be released at 4-6 pm on sunny days. Put the plastic bag into the water first, and then put the seedlings into the pool when the water temperature inside and outside the bag is almost the same.
Third, the daily management
1. When feeding and releasing seedlings, no feed will be given in the first week, and feeding will be started in the second week. The prawns were fed at 8: 00 am and 4: 00 pm, and the feeding rate was 5% (fixed feeding was used to observe the feeding situation).
2. Observe the survival rate. From the third week after seeding, the survival rate was observed by drainage and electric shock to decide whether to replant.
3. Detoxification and water quality control: from the day of feeding, drain water once every two weeks, promote molting by electric shock, and disinfect the water with 10ppm bleaching powder and 5ppm quicklime.
4, disease prevention from the third week after the seedlings are released, the drug bait is fed, and 1 kg of the bait is added with 1 g vitamin C.
Fourth, harvest
Use electric shock to catch shrimp, catch the big ones and keep the small ones.
What are the harvest methods of Japanese prawns?
In Japan, there are three methods to raise Japanese shrimp in shrimp ponds: trap net method, pump net method and electric shrimp catcher method. Trap net method, catching shrimp at night, has the advantages of little damage and very convenient operation. It is a common shrimp catching method in Seto inland shrimp pond during harvest season. In the warm season, shrimp is very active in the pond, so it can be caught in large quantities with traps. However, when the temperature drops during the fishing season, in order to harvest shrimps that have become scarce, traps should be added. The trap net consists of a net wall, a net sleeve and three traps. The net wall is at right angles to the dam. There are two layers of funnel net in each trap, and its opening is tightly tied by clues. Shrimp enters the net bag along the net wall, finally enters the trap net, and is taken out from the end opening at appropriate time intervals. As the season goes on, the water temperature drops, so we use pump net or electric shrimp catcher to collect shrimp, and the latter has good shrimp catching effect.
The method of using the pump net in the shrimp pond of Asahi Commercial Farm in Japan is as follows: the net is installed on a metal frame, and the metal frame is equipped with a pipe with a nozzle to enter the water, and the shrimp is driven to jump by a high-pressure water gun (the nozzle stirs the bottom of the water to 8 cm), and the shrimp is captured by a conical net.
The electric shrimp catching method is that the battery, voltmeter, ammeter and switchboard are all installed on the ship. During operation, the current of the battery pack is charged on the mesh plate, which contacts the bottom of the pool, stirring the shrimp in the sand, and the shrimp jumps out and falls into the trawl. High water temperature and even low voltage in summer will affect shrimps, and a small number of shrimps will be killed. Generally speaking, warm water uses low voltage, cold water uses high voltage, and the voltage range is 4-20 volts.
In China, there are two ways to collect Penaeus japonicus in ponds by releasing water. One way is to drain water from the drain net at night, because Japanese prawns swim out of the sand at night and get caught in the net with the water. Pay attention to whether the net is damaged. In addition, when there are a certain number of shrimps in the net, you can take out the net to collect the shrimps, so as to avoid the shrimps being suffocated in the net. This method is suitable for small batch sales. Another way to release water and collect shrimp is to lower the water level (by releasing water and pumping water). First, start from the dry place around the shrimp pond and catch the shrimp with your hands. As the water level drops, shrimp are gradually caught in the depths of the pond. This kind of operation can be carried out day and night, and a large number of shrimps can be harvested, but it requires a lot of manpower. If this operation is in a big pond, it is difficult to harvest it all at once, so it is necessary to inject new water to avoid the shallow water level and the deterioration of water quality, resulting in anoxic floating head.
High-yield techniques of Penaeus japonicus culture
Multi-cropping culture of Penaeus japonicus is one of the important projects of marine culture. However, due to the invasion of diseases, the incidence rate remains high, and the yield of shrimp per crop is mostly below 30 kg per mu. The benefit has been unsatisfactory, especially after the price of prawns has dropped, the loss is getting bigger and bigger. In recent years, with the use of high-quality compound feed and new drugs to prevent and treat shrimp diseases, some high-yield and efficient breeding models have emerged, and the prospect of shrimp breeding industry has gradually become clear. Haichaoba Farm, Laizhou City, Shandong Province, followed the scientific culture concept of "Aquaculture, Water-oriented" in this year's shrimp culture, and applied a series of drugs from Beijing Zhong Da Ant Company in the process of culture. The output of the first shrimp is 55 kg, and the net profit per mu is more than 1000 yuan at the price of only 34 yuan/kg. The second batch of shrimp has also been sown and is now growing well. Now the specific situation is introduced as follows, for peer reference.
First, shrimp pond conditions
The experimental shrimp pond is located in the south of the tidal dam in Hutouya Town, Laizhou City, with a pentagonal shape, an area of 20 mu, an average water depth of 1.2m and sediments. Inlet and outlet water needs to pass through other adjacent shrimp ponds (reservoirs). After aquaculture was completed last year, the water in the pond was drained, exposing the bottom of the pond. This spring, the dirt on the weir body and the bottom of the pond was cleaned manually, and the bottom of the pond was loosened by ploughing and raking, and 400 kilograms of quicklime was put in for disinfection.
Second, the breeding process
1.Seedlings were released on April 6, and the reservoir was filled with water, and a small amount of organic fertilizer was used to fertilize the water. On April 20th, water was injected into the experimental shrimp pond from the reservoir. On May 4th, 6.5438+0.8 million Japanese prawn seedlings were purchased from Haichaoba nursery. Shrimp fry size 1 cm, swimming lively, stout, strong crawling ability after leaving water.
2. Generally, water is not changed during water quality adjustment and culture, and water is replenished every 2-3 days. From May 15, the pool water was treated with drugs every five days, and "Antebao Iodine" and "Antekang" were used alternately. The cost of a treatment is about 80 yuan. Regularly monitor the water quality indicators, and when the pH value is higher than 9.0, use the "Ante alkali reducer" to adjust it.
3. In the early stage of feeding culture, considering the large number of hooked shrimps in the shrimp pond, 150 kg distiller's grains were fed successively. On June 4, the shrimp was more than 6 cm long and began to be fed with feed. The daily feeding amount is about 1.5kg, and then gradually increases. By the time of harvest, a total of 360 kilograms of "Haiyue" brand compound feed and 400 kilograms of green clams were fed.
4. Disease Prevention According to the weather conditions and water quality conditions, drug baits of "Ke Jun Shrimp King" and "Safety of Shrimp in Rain" are added every five days to feed for a course of treatment.
Shrimp harvesting began in May and July 12, when the shrimp specifications were 10 cm, 100 fish /kg ~ 120 fish /kg. By July 18, * * * shrimp harvest 1 100 kg, the output was 55 kg. The survival rate is about 70%.
The price of prawns is 34 yuan/kg, and the output value per mu is 1.865 yuan, with a total output value of 37,300 yuan.
The total cost of aquaculture is 1.33 million yuan, including seed 1.80 million yuan, water and electricity 1.20 million yuan, shrimp pond rent is 3,000 yuan, bait and medicine are 3,800 yuan, and labor and special taxes are 3,500 yuan. The profit of the first shrimp in the experimental shrimp pond is 24,000 yuan, which is equivalent to the profit per mu 1200 yuan.
Third, some experience.
1. To build a shrimp pond suitable for the growth of Penaeus japonicus, the experimental shrimp pond is small in area and convenient to manage, which is an important prerequisite for obtaining high yield, no matter which shrimp species are cultured. However, Penaeus japonicus is a benthic shrimp, which likes fresh water and has low requirements for water depth. Shallow water level is beneficial to the increase of water temperature and dissolved oxygen content in the bottom layer, which is beneficial to the growth of Penaeus japonicus. Due to the small amount of water exchange, the salinity of the pond water remained at about 35 ~ 4 1 for a long time, but the prawns grew normally, which indicated that Penaeus japonicus had strong adaptability to high salinity.
2. Do a good job in basic bait culture, promote the rapid growth of shrimp fry, and feed them in water as soon as possible to breed basic bait such as nematodes and sagitta, which is very beneficial to culture, especially for small benthos represented by hooked shrimp, with strong adaptability, fast breeding speed, simple culture method and obvious nutritional effect, which can promote the rapid growth of shrimp fry, improve the immunity of shrimp fry, reduce the incidence rate and reduce the pollution caused by premature feeding.
3. Keeping a pool of good water is the key to healthy aquaculture. Prevention is the key to disease control, and the transparency should be kept at about 60 cm to prevent the water quality from aging and the pH value from being too high. Regular use of disinfectants inhibits and reduces the number of bacteria, viruses and ciliates. In aquaculture, a large number of drainage and irrigation are prohibited to keep the physical, chemical and biological factors of water quality relatively stable.
Attention should be paid to improving the quality of feed, adding drugs and feed additives that can improve immunity and prevent diseases reasonably; The amount of bait should be small, but not large, to prevent the residual bait from polluting the water quality; If prawns come out for food at 2 pm, increase the feeding amount in time.