Key words: Penaeus vannamei; Breeding technology; disease control
Cultivation techniques of Penaeus vannamei 1
Ecological habit of Penaeus vannamei +0. 1
First of all, temperature has a great influence on the growth of Penaeus vannamei. The optimum growth temperature of white shrimp with different specifications is different. The water temperature between18℃ and 33℃ is more suitable for the survival of white shrimp. The higher the water temperature, the better the adaptability of white shrimp in this temperature range. However, when the temperature is lower than 18 degrees or higher than 33 degrees, the disease resistance of white shrimp will decrease. Secondly, salinity and pH have great influence on the growth of Penaeus vannamei. Salinity 10%-25% and pH 7.6-8.5 are more suitable for the growth of Penaeus vannamei. In addition, the dissolved oxygen tolerance of white shrimp with different specifications is different, and the dissolved oxygen tolerance of white shrimp will decrease with the growth of white shrimp. Generally speaking, Penaeus vannamei has strong adaptability to drought. From this, it can also be concluded that the white shrimp that is not dry-tolerant must be sick.
Feeding habits of Penaeus vannamei 1.2
Penaeus vannamei likes food rich in protein, which is also beneficial to its growth. In addition, the dietary habit of Penaeus vannamei is to eat more at night than during the day. The proportion of eating at night is about 70%.
Culture techniques of Penaeus vannamei 1.3
Before the introduction of white shrimp, the bottom of the pond must be cleaned and disinfected, and it is best to dilute the culture. The water color is mostly green or yellow-green. This is beneficial to the peeling of Penaeus vannamei. Bait and management methods must be arranged and selected in strict accordance with the living habits of white shrimp. When selecting white shrimp larvae, we must strictly screen and check whether the white shrimp carries virus, try to select white shrimp larvae with strong mobility and sound limbs, disinfect the bags when transporting the white shrimp, then inject fresh water into the bags, and then put the white shrimp in. Those injected into the bottom of the pond can't put the white shrimp directly in. Put the bag with white shrimp at the bottom of the pond for half an hour before opening it.
2 common diseases control techniques of Penaeus vannamei
2. 1 rotten eye disease
Rotten eye disease is a disease that basically occurs in various shrimps. Its appearance is caused by pathogenic bacteria at the bottom of aquaculture or bacteria carried by bait. Most of them are caused by Vibrio cholerae. Prevention and treatment should start from the source to prevent the occurrence of this disease. If white shrimp is found to be infected with this disease, immune sugar and dibromohydantoin must be put into the bottom of the pool first, and then stirred and fed to white shrimp with Fukang and Sihuang Jiedu powder three days later. Take it continuously for seven days.
2.2 crustacean canker
Crustacean canker is mainly caused by the harsh environment of white shrimp culture. This disease often occurs in the bottom of the pond with serious pollution or relatively high breeding density. Usually white prawns get hurt when they are caught, and then the bacteria in the pool water take the opportunity to turn white prawns into this disease. If this disease is not treated in time, it will cause the death of white shrimp. The way to prevent this disease is to keep the bottom environment clean and disinfect or change water regularly. The culture density should be adjusted according to the individual size of white shrimp, and the culture density should not be too high, so as not to cause hypoxia of white shrimp. Check white shrimp regularly. If white shrimp is found to have this disease, it can be prevented by adding drugs such as oligosaccharides to the bait.
2.3 enteritis
Enteritis is a typical disease that occurs in July and August when the water temperature is high. It is a disease of respiratory system infection caused by difficulty in breathing and ammonia nitrogen poisoning of white shrimp because there are many residual bait or feces when the water temperature is high and it cannot be cleaned in time. Therefore, the prevention method is to clean up the feces at the bottom of the pond in a few months when the water temperature is high, change the water for the white shrimp in time, keep the environment at the bottom of the pond clean and provide fresh air for the white shrimp. If it is found that white prawn has been infected with this disease, it should be sprayed with drugs such as quick virus removal and Bao 'antai at the bottom of the pond, and then fed with multivitamins, allicin, Qingyuan and other drugs the next day for three to five days, so that the sucking ability, nutrient absorption and antibacterial ability of white prawn can be restored.
2.4 stress myasthenia gravis
This disease is also a common disease in high temperature season. The reason is that the temperature difference of water temperature changes greatly in high temperature season, and white shrimp may not be able to adapt for a while. And in the hot season, there are often many bubbles at the bottom of the pool. If the fishing intensity is too high or some inappropriate drugs are put at the bottom of the pool, it is easy to cause stress muscle burns. The symptom of this disease is that the muscles of white shrimp are burned or bent, which will lead to the death of white shrimp if it cannot be recovered. The control method is to feed amino acids and vitamins to white shrimp.
3 Conclusion
Nowadays, white shrimp farming has become the main source of income for some people in South America. With the development of science and technology, some common diseases of Penaeus vannamei have been effectively controlled and treated. Studying the culture technology and prevention and treatment technology of common diseases of Penaeus vannamei is conducive to exploring pollution-free and healthy culture technology. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases in order to realize scientific, healthy and sustainable farming. Penaeus vannamei is a high-quality shrimp species in South America. Most people in South America regard the cultivation of white shrimp as the main source of economic income. In this paper, the living habits, feeding habits and culture techniques of Penaeus vannamei were introduced, and then the common diseases of Penaeus vannamei were studied by introducing several common diseases, such as rotten eye disease, crustacean ulcer, enteritis and stress muscle burn.
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