Necessity of building energy saving in Hainan real estate industry
Implementing building energy conservation is the requirement of Hainan real estate industry for the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
Five years ago, the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island rose to a national strategy. Since then, Hainan has entered a golden period of development and embarked on a magnificent new journey. During the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island, the investment in real estate development in Hainan Province maintained rapid growth. With the continuous growth of various building areas, the intensification of building energy consumption has obviously increased the emission of carbon dioxide, and building energy consumption has become the main factor of air pollution. Only building energy conservation can effectively reduce the use of conventional energy, thus reducing the emission of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and dust, which has a direct effect on improving the quality of the atmospheric environment and reducing the harm of diseases caused by air pollution to residents. At the same time, the application of environmental protection and energy-saving technology can minimize the use scale of artificial materials, achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, and realize the harmony between man and nature. One of the strategic orientations of the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island is to build Hainan into a "national demonstration area for ecological civilization construction" in the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island. Adhere to the ecological province, give priority to the environment, develop in protection and protect in development, promote the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, build a low-carbon economic demonstration zone, explore the road of civilized development in which man and nature live in harmony, and make Hainan the four seasons garden of the people of the whole country. Outline of Hainan International Tourism Island Construction and Development Plan (20 10~2020). It can be seen that the implementation of building energy efficiency is the requirement of Hainan international tourism island construction for Hainan real estate industry.
Implementing building energy conservation is the guarantee to improve the quality of Hainan real estate products.
The quality of a product is the characteristic that the product meets the use function, including function, use, performance, quality, user experience, reliability, convenience and added value. The quality of real estate products is a very complicated problem. Compared with the products of other industries, it is difficult to distinguish the quality of real estate products. For example, before buying a house, customers pay attention to "location and environment", "apartment structure", "greening and landscape" and so on; When signing the contract, the biggest worry is that the area is shrinking and the pool is too big to keep up with the supporting facilities; For the house that has lived for a period of time, the most dissatisfied things are "apartment type", "apartment type structure" and property management. In order to pursue the high quality of developed products, large floor-to-ceiling windows, central air conditioning, multiple elevators and 24-hour hot water have become the selling points pursued by developers. Few people are dissatisfied with the deeper product quality, such as whether the environment of buildings and communities is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Understanding only stays on some specific feelings. Why can't my sunshine reach an hour a day on a sunny day? Why does my elevator always have to queue up? Why do you feel depressed when standing on the grass in the community? Why are there always not enough parking spaces? Why is the bathroom and kitchen in my house poorly ventilated? Why is my community life less colorful than other communities? Did not see the source of the problem is the real estate development enterprises, not in accordance with the requirements of building energy conservation planning, design and construction. With the modernization and the improvement of people's living standards, comfortable building thermal environment has increasingly become the needs of people's lives. How to use energy effectively and meet this demand has become an urgent problem for real estate enterprises. At present, under the situation of tight energy supply in China, only by reasonably utilizing and saving energy, improving energy utilization efficiency as much as possible, and combining the improvement of building thermal environment with building energy conservation, can the building thermal environment be better improved. The building thermal environment not only includes temperature, sunshine, air quality, ventilation efficiency, noise decibel, etc. , but also consider the plane space layout, privacy protection, vision, visual color, material selection, etc. Only by implementing building energy conservation can the quality of life of buildings and people be improved. It can be seen that the implementation of building energy efficiency is the guarantee to improve the quality of Hainan real estate products.
Promoting building energy conservation and adopting energy-saving building materials are the only way for the development of Hainan's real estate industry.
Energy-saving building is the foundation of building energy saving. If the building itself can't meet the requirements of building energy conservation, no matter how to advocate energy conservation, it can't really achieve energy conservation. In the same way, it is difficult to meet the requirements of building energy conservation without using building materials that meet the requirements of energy conservation, no matter how much emphasis is placed on building energy conservation. It can be seen that the use of energy-saving building materials is the only way for Hainan real estate to implement energy-saving buildings. According to the documents of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Department of Hainan Province, starting from 20 14, Hainan Province will fully implement the green building standards for government-invested buildings and large public buildings. Since 20 14, government-invested institutions, schools, hospitals, museums, science and technology museums, stadiums and other buildings, as well as airports, stations, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, office buildings and other large public buildings with a single building area of more than 20,000 m2, have fully implemented green building standards. In addition, Haikou, Sanya and Danzhou have fully implemented green building standards for affordable housing; More than 30% of new affordable housing in other cities and counties should meet the green building standards. With the continuous improvement of national requirements for building energy efficiency, a large number of new energy-saving buildings have sprung up, and large-scale energy-saving renovation of existing buildings has created huge market demand. The basic components of a building, such as walls, doors and windows, roof, floor, heating, air conditioning, etc. Great changes have taken place, and large-scale technological innovations have been made in materials and equipment, building structure, building installation, etc., and many new insulation materials, sealing materials, energy-saving equipment, insulation pipes, etc. have been automatically adjusted. Faced with this situation, Hainan real estate development enterprises should conform to the development trend, actively use energy-saving building materials, build energy-saving buildings, and promote the development of Hainan real estate industry.
Ways to implement building energy saving in Hainan real estate industry
Present situation of energy consumption of geographical climate civil buildings in Hainan
The implementation of building energy efficiency in Hainan's real estate industry is inseparable from Hainan's geography, climate and energy consumption of civil buildings. Only from Hainan's geography, climate and energy consumption of civil buildings can building energy conservation be implemented in Hainan's real estate industry. Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bounded by Qiongzhou Strait in the north, facing Vietnam across the sea in the Beibu Gulf in the west, facing Taiwan Province Province in the South China Sea in the east, and bordering the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the South China Sea in the southeast and south. Hainan Province has a total land area of 35,000 square kilometers and a sea area of about 2 million square kilometers, of which Hainan Island covers an area of 33,900 square kilometers. Hainan Island is located in the northern edge of the tropics and belongs to the tropical monsoon climate. It has always been known as a "natural greenhouse". It has a long summer and no winter. The annual average temperature is 22~27℃, and the accumulated temperature of 10℃ is 8200℃. The coldest January temperature is still 17~24℃, and the annual illuminance is 1750. According to the Code for Thermal Design of Civil Buildings (GB50 17- 1993), Hainan Province belongs to a hot summer and warm winter area, but influenced by tropical monsoon climate, its climate characteristics are different from other provinces and cities in the hot summer and warm winter area. Hainan province has abundant rainfall, with annual precipitation 1000~2600mm and average annual precipitation 1639mm, with obvious rainy season and less rainy season. May ~ 10 is the rainy season every year, and the total precipitation is about 1500mm, accounting for 70%~90% of the total annual precipitation. The main rain sources are frontal rain, thermal thunderstorm and typhoon rain. The rainy season is 1 1 until April of the following year, accounting for only 10 of the annual precipitation. At the end of 20 13, the total resident population in Hainan province reached 8,952,800, an increase of 87,300 compared with the end of 20 12 and 267,300 compared with the sixth census. From 20 10 to 20 13, the total population grew at an average annual rate of 1.02%. Generally speaking, the growth of the total population shows a steady trend. With the acceleration of the construction of international tourist islands, the annual construction of Hainan Province has increased rapidly. In 2003, the completed building area was 1, 2 1 000 m2, and in 20 10, it rose to about 8 1.2 million m2, and 10 increased by about 7 times. The total number of existing buildings has also increased from 220 million square meters in 2003 to 2. According to statistics, there are 50% public buildings and 50% residential buildings in existing buildings in Hainan Province, most of which are hotels, and the hotel construction area accounts for 46% of the total public buildings in Hainan Province, and the office buildings and shopping malls are 15% and 14% respectively. In the field of architecture, the total energy consumption of civil buildings in Hainan Province in 2008 was about 654.38+0.697 million tce, and the electricity consumption was 654.38+0.10.92 million tce, accounting for 70% of the total energy consumption of civil buildings. As far as electricity consumption is concerned, the electricity consumption of civil buildings in 2008 was 3 1%. In recent years, electricity consumption in Hainan Province has shown a rapid growth trend. In 1993, the electricity consumption in Hainan province was only 3.2 billion kw h, and it rose to 20.8 billion kw h in 20 12, an increase of 6.5 times. After 2000, electricity consumption entered the fast lane, and the growth rate continued to accelerate, and it basically increased linearly in the three years after 20 10. The energy demand in Hainan province has increased greatly, and the electricity consumption for construction accounts for 3 1% of the electricity consumption in the province. Energy saving and emission reduction in the construction field is of great significance to the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
Ways to promote building energy saving in Hainan real estate industry
Pay attention to building planning and layout, and promote building energy conservation.
Building planning and layout is an important part of building energy conservation in Hainan real estate industry. The so-called architectural planning and layout is to determine the design form of the building according to the latitude, climate zone and environment where the building is located. In the planning stage of real estate development, it is necessary to apply regional thermal environment improvement technology to optimize planning and design. The technology to improve the regional thermal environment is a reasonable architectural layout, making full use of Hainan's land, water, wind, Shan Difeng and other superior conditions. According to the principle that natural ventilation is the main factor, supplemented by air conditioning, consider the orientation and spacing of buildings, scientifically choose the location of buildings, optimize the layout of groups, and rationally design architectural forms. In terms of architectural form design, measures should be taken to increase ventilation and improve heat dissipation, and the architectural form design of residential quarters can adopt the method of raised floor to improve the ventilation effect in surrounding areas, thus improving the heat dissipation effect of building envelope; Reasonable allocation of underlying surface forms, as far as possible to reduce hard surfaces, avoid the emergence of large squares without greening and shading, and effectively reduce the heat island effect. The so-called heat island effect is influenced by the building height, floor area ratio, building layout, building materials, green space ratio, waterscape facilities and other factors of buildings and residential areas. Under the effect of long-term solar radiation, urban building-intensive areas will appear "heat island" phenomenon in summer, that is, this part of the area is higher than other places. Summer in Hainan Province is long and hot, and the heat island effect will not only increase the probability of high temperature heatstroke, but also increase the negative effects such as energy consumption of air conditioning in buildings. Therefore, building energy conservation in this area mainly solves the comfort problem of outdoor thermal environment caused by solar radiation, and outdoor wind environment is also one of the important factors in building site selection in this climate zone. The location and layout of climate-adaptive buildings can make full use of the natural geographical environment around the base to adjust the climate or the suitable local climate environment. The ecological environment has great influence on the microclimate characteristics such as temperature, humidity and wind direction in the building area. Waterfront buildings and mountain buildings are common architectural forms in Hainan Province. Their planning and design should emphasize the harmony with the environment, minimize the impact on the ecology, ensure a good microclimate environment of the site, and optimize the architectural planning and layout according to different topography. Hainan is a big marine province, and the long coastline has created good conditions for waterfront building planning. Haikou, Sanya, Qionghai, Wenchang and other places have planned and built a large number of buildings with rivers, lakes and seas. These projects make full use of the functions of water bodies to regulate climate and beautify the environment. Seascape and waterscape are important factors affecting the layout of waterfront buildings. Combining with the topographic factors of the site, making full use of the land-sea wind is the key element of the preliminary design of the island coastal building, and giving full consideration to the superior conditions of the land-sea wind, so that the whole site can obtain good natural ventilation effect. There are many mountains in Hainan, such as Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Dongshanling, Wang Ba, Limu, Ying Ge, Yanoda Rainforest, Yalong Bay Forest Park and Wenbi Peak. When planning mountain buildings, real estate enterprises must ensure the advantages of their original ecological environment and try to avoid damage to the natural environment. Planning should consider the various influences of the structure and function of its natural ecological environment on human beings, rationally apply, adjust and adapt its architectural ecological environment, and make full use of Shan Difeng. The overall layout of mountainous buildings in Hainan Province generally follows the principle of standing by the mountain and highlighting the characteristics of tropical mountainous buildings. The buildings are high and low, forming a rich architectural outline, striving for upward development and opening up the upper space. Urban real estate development projects are mostly flat, with no available land, water and Shan Difeng. The dominant factor affecting natural ventilation and sunshine is the distribution of surrounding buildings, and the site has little influence. Therefore, the layout and overall planning in the early stage of design are the key. For example, buildings adopt staggered layout to avoid multi-unit parallel connection, so as to obtain good natural ventilation effect and sufficient sunshine. At the same time, we should try to avoid and narrow the east-west windows and avoid the strong east-west sunshine in Hainan.
Pay attention to the influence of landscape on outdoor microenvironment and promote building energy saving
Residential landscape covers all landscape elements in the residential area, such as houses, public buildings, green spaces, waterscapes, roads and sketches. Setting reasonable greening forms, waterscape facilities and pavement types can effectively reduce the heat island effect, obtain fresh and pleasant outdoor air and suitable radiation environment, and effectively promote building energy conservation. To improve the level of landscape design, we must fully understand the characteristics of landscape and the positive influence of vegetation on outdoor microenvironment. Green vegetation can reduce the solar radiation heat and the reflection heat of pavement and wall by shading, and reduce the peripheral radiation heat by transpiration, resulting in cooling and humidification, which has a positive effect on alleviating the urban heat island effect, improving the quality of urban ecological environment and improving the outdoor thermal environment. The research shows that the improvement effect of trees on thermal environment is better than that of lawns and shrubs. Trees mainly improve the outdoor thermal environment and the comfort of pedestrians by shading. Trees block solar radiation, so that the temperature in the shady area will not increase obviously, and people feel that the radiation temperature in the shade is obviously lower than that without shading. Lawn can be cooled by reflection and transpiration. Green vegetation can enhance the vertical flow of urban air. Due to the formation of low pressure area above the canopy, the airflow under the forest rises, which makes the upper and lower airflow exchange. The confluence of the two air streams enhances the vertical air flow in this area. Tropical garden vegetation landscape is the main greening form in Hainan, in which vertical greening and roof greening have also entered a rapid development stage in recent years, showing a diversified and large-scale development trend. In order to improve the level of landscape design, it is necessary to understand the relationship between green plants and architectural layout. The common patterns of greening system layout in residential areas include centralized green space, group enclosure, embedded nature, ribbon network and decentralized layout. Centralized green space type is mainly used in high-rise and low-density residential areas, and group enclosure type is based on enclosed groups, which are surrounded by groups with different themes and are often used in low-rise and high-density residential areas. Embedded natural type is suitable for residential areas with good natural ecological conditions, loose land use and far away from cities. The belt network type runs through the residential area with belt-shaped public green space, and is interrelated with the space green space of the residential group. This model is used for projects with high building density. Decentralized layout is to arrange green spaces of different sizes in residential areas. In the design of the above layout mode, factors such as the scale of residential area, geographical and natural conditions and architectural layout should be fully considered, and different layout modes should be organically combined. The Regulations on Urban Landscaping in Hainan Province has made clear requirements on the rate of green space, the ratio of public green space to arbor, shrub and grass. The greening of real estate projects should highlight the characteristics of tropical islands and form a planting structure with shade trees as the main body and reasonable allocation of various plants. The green rate of urban built-up area is not less than 35%, the green coverage rate is not less than 40%, the per capita park green area is not less than 12m2, and the urban production green area is not less than 2% of the total area of urban built-up area. The green rate of new construction projects shall not be less than 40%. This is the task that Hainan real estate enterprises must complete to promote building energy efficiency.
Attach importance to natural ventilation technology of buildings and promote building energy saving.
Natural ventilation in buildings is a kind of ventilation method that uses the hot pressure generated by the temperature difference between the air inside and outside the building or the wind pressure generated by the wind to promote the air flow. It is an environmentally friendly and economical ventilation mode. Replacing air conditioning refrigeration technology with natural ventilation has at least two meanings. The first is to realize passive refrigeration. Natural ventilation can reduce indoor temperature, take away humid and dirty air and improve indoor thermal environment without consuming non-renewable energy; Second, it can provide fresh and clean natural air, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health. Although Hainan Province has a humid and hot climate, it is not really hot. In the hottest month of summer, the average temperature is 25~29℃ from July to August, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is very small. The biggest problem of the building is high temperature and humidity, the thermal insulation material is useless, and the effect of hot-pressing ventilation is not obvious. Therefore, the main ventilation mode in this area is wind pressure ventilation, and most of the houses are large roofs and overhead poles, which are used for shading and induced ventilation, with deep overhangs. Jiang Yi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Tsinghua University Building Energy Conservation Research Center, pointed out that the temperature difference between the two sides of Hainan building wall is small, so there is no need for excessive heat preservation, or even heat preservation. However, in the case of poor indoor natural ventilation, the better the insulation, the less likely it is to be discharged. We need to turn on the air conditioner to cool down. In order to achieve good ventilation, it is an important principle for the application of natural ventilation to create conditions for introducing air into the room in the overall layout and single design of the building, speed up the air flow inside the building and reasonably organize the indoor air flow. In the general layout, the building orientation is arranged according to the dominant wind direction in summer, so that the orientation of its main functional rooms is consistent with the dominant wind direction. The general layout of the building should be staggered obliquely, and the buildings with higher layout should be staggered or regularly arranged in the dominant wind direction. In order to make the buildings behind get more airflow, the long side of the building should not be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. The ground-floor overhead building can effectively improve the ventilation effect of the front and rear buildings, and adjust the climate through the utilization and organization of natural wind. In terms of architectural modeling design, buildings should adopt transparent ways, such as overhead on the ground floor and light materials as the envelope structure, showing the characteristics of transparent and open buildings in hot and humid areas. Strengthening the natural ventilation of buildings can be achieved through the concave-convex change of architectural modeling, the installation of ventilation components, the location of doors and windows and other measures. Construct climate buffer space, such as ventilation shaft, patio, atrium space, corridor space, etc. It is also an auxiliary means for building modeling to adapt to the climate. Ventilation roof is also an important part of natural ventilation system, which can be an independent ventilation system. There is usually an air interlayer in it. Using the principle of hot pressure ventilation, air flows in the air interlayer, thus reducing the roof surface temperature and further affecting the indoor air temperature. In the aspect of indoor airflow organization design, try to avoid vortex wind areas such as big dead angle and speed up indoor airflow. Proper opening position and size of doors and windows is the key to ensure smooth indoor air convection, natural ventilation and good effect. Large-area doors and windows, combined with balconies, balconies, sun visors, sun-shading corridors, overhead, etc. , forming natural ventilation and effective indoor convection, thus achieving the effect of cooling. Deep overhangs, wind guide walls, wind traps and ventilation shafts can all be used to induce airflow and strengthen natural ventilation.
Application of Building Shading Technology to Promote Building Energy Saving
Building shading is very important in Hainan. Different from the northern buildings that attach importance to thermal insulation, Hainan buildings attach more importance to shading, and there is a saying that "it is better to wear a quilt than an umbrella". Building shading is an important technical measure for building energy conservation in Hainan. Building shading can effectively reduce sunlight radiation, improve indoor light and heat environment quality and improve indoor comfort. Building shading mainly includes exterior door and window shading, roof shading, wall shading and greening shading. As one of the important means of building energy saving, building shading can reduce the solar radiation gain of buildings and the use time of air conditioners, thus reducing the electricity consumption of buildings and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is also helpful to improve indoor thermal comfort and visual comfort and create a low-carbon, healthy and comfortable living environment. Hainan Province has strong solar radiation intensity and long sunshine time, so buildings need longer shading time. According to the climatic conditions and people's needs, the application of building energy-saving technology in Hainan Province should adhere to the following principles: ① Optimize the application form of civil engineering integrated shading technology, strengthen the weatherproof ability of shading facilities, ensure the safety of fixed shading facilities in Hainan Province in rainy and thunderstorm weather, and the cost is low, and improve the indoor thermal environment by shielding direct sunlight without affecting natural lighting. ② Safety considerations should be strengthened when using movable external sunshade facilities and components. Sunshade windows on floors above the second floor should not use sunshade facilities with poor wind resistance. ③ The sunshade design of residential buildings should coordinate the requirements of sunshade and indoor natural ventilation. In spring and autumn in Hainan Province, the solar radiation is strong, but natural ventilation can still basically meet the people's cooling needs. Therefore, the influence of sunshade facilities on natural ventilation should be analyzed in residential building design, and the installation position, installation form and opening and closing mode of sunshade facilities should be conducive to the introduction of outdoor natural wind. (4) The shading form of public buildings should be combined with the facade form, functional requirements and architectural purposes. The external windows are always open to promote the progress of natural ventilation, and the sunshade design should be synchronized with the natural ventilation design of buildings. "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hainan Province" points out that the external windows of residential rooms should adopt movable or fixed external shading measures, and the external shading measures must consider earthquake-resistant and typhoon-proof structures. In order to further accelerate the realization of Hainan's goal of building an ecological province, combined with the reality of Hainan Province, Hainan Province proposed to popularize 20 new shading technologies for buildings in Hainan Province to improve the indoor environment and reduce the level of building energy consumption.
At present, China is in the heyday of economic construction, with an annual construction area as high as1.6 ~ 200 million m2, which exceeds the sum of all developed countries, and more than 97% of them are high-energy buildings. According to this building growth rate, it is estimated that by 2020, the high-energy building area in China will reach 70 billion square meters. Therefore, if we don't pay attention to building energy-saving design now, it will directly aggravate the energy crisis. Building energy-saving work is complex and arduous, involving the government, enterprises and ordinary citizens, involving many industries and enterprises, involving new buildings and old buildings, and it is very difficult to implement. In the process of promoting building energy efficiency, Hainan real estate enterprises must pay more energy, cost and price, take the initiative, strive to use regional thermal environment improvement technology, promote building energy efficiency, create a number of energy-saving products, and make contributions to the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.
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