brief introduction
Persimmon, a persimmon family berry, is native to China and has been cultivated for more than 1000 years. It is the fruit of an important fruit tree which is widely planted. Mainly planted in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and other mountainous areas. Persimmon was introduced to France and Mediterranean countries in the19th century, and then to the United States. Persimmon fruit is about 5 to 8 cm in diameter and yellow to red. Persimmons contain vitamin a and a small amount of vitamin C.
Persimmon trees can resist the cold of-18 degrees. Persimmon is native to America, and its tree shape is short, occasionally reaching 10 meter. The fruit is flat, crimson to sauce-colored, with a diameter of 3 to 5 cm and many large and flat seeds. After artificial cultivation, American persimmons have many excellent varieties and taste better than oriental persimmons.
kind
There are more than 1000 varieties of persimmons, which can be divided into astringent persimmons and sweet persimmons according to whether they can be naturally astringent before ripening on trees. The latter mainly comes from the "winter persimmon" in this variety, which has astringent taste when it matures. The former (most persimmons listed in China belong to this category) must be artificially astringent before eating, and the material basis of astringency of astringent persimmons is tannic acid (also known as tannic acid).
Niuxin persimmon
Persimmon Niuxin Persimmon is produced in Shimengou, Mianchi County, and it is named after the shape of Niuxin. It has a long history and enjoys a high reputation. It is an excellent variety bred by local people in long-term cultivation practice. Niuxin persimmon belongs to persimmon family, deciduous tree. It blooms in early June, and the flowering period is 7- 12 days. The fruit is bull-shaped, with papillae at the top. The fruit turns from green to yellow, and the color of 10 mature fruit is orange. As one of the iconic protected specialties in China, it enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. It tastes crisp and delicious, and the baked juice is sweeter. Sun-dried Niuxin persimmon is sweet, with little fiber and soft texture. It tastes sweet and delicious, which makes people think again after eating it. Persimmons are stirred in cold water and can be turned into persimmon pulp, which is comparable to honey and has a unique flavor. Persimmon contains tannin, which is easy to combine with iron, thus hindering the absorption of iron in food, so anemia patients should eat less. People with diabetes should not eat it.
Luotian sweet persimmon
Luotian sweet persimmon refers to the sweet persimmon produced in Luotian County, Dabie Mountain, Hubei Province, China, and is a geographical indication product of China. Luotian sweet persimmon is the only natural astringent persimmon variety in the world. When autumn is ripe, it can be eaten directly without processing. Sweet persimmon produced in Shi Cun, Sanlifan Town, Luotian County is more precious. It is characterized by large color, round bottom, thin skin and thick meat, sweet, crisp and delicious. Generally, there are more than eight sweet persimmons produced abroad, and no more than three, so it is convenient to eat and process. Luotian sweet persimmon is produced in all parts of China, distributed in Dabie Mountain area at the junction of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, and most cultivated in Luotian and Macheng areas of Hubei. The fruit is medium, with average single fruit weight 100g, oblate. Rough skin, orange-red. The meat is delicate, there are many stones, and the quality is above average. Luotian 65438+ 10 matures in the first half of October. This variety can be eaten directly after being colored. Stable yield, high yield, long service life, resistance to damp heat and drought. Fruits are best eaten fresh, and can also be made into persimmons and persimmon slices. , convenient for storage and transportation. Luotian sweet persimmon has a long history of cultivation, and it was cultivated before the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the improved seed grafting propagation technology was widely used and had a long history. Luotian has been known as the "hometown of sweet persimmon" since ancient times, which is more than 80 years earlier than the ancient Japanese sweet persimmon "Zen Temple Pill" (discovered in 12 14). There are more than 5,000 ancient persimmon trees with a history of 100 years, among which the persimmon trees of Qizishi and Tangjiashan have long enjoyed a good reputation. When the Japanese invaded China, a special force was sent to plunder the persimmon specimens of the hippo chef and transport them back to Japan. In the 1980s, Japan sent experts to Xunzishi for special research. The photos they took were also compiled into Japanese textbooks. In 200 1 year, the State Forestry Administration approved the naming of Luotian as "the hometown of sweet persimmon in China". Since 2 1 century, relying on the advantages of sweet persimmon resources, Luotian County has vigorously built a sweet persimmon base and continuously promoted the formation of sweet persimmon industry, and achieved remarkable results. There are seven main producing areas of sweet persimmon in the county, including Osaki, Sanlifan, Fengshan, Pinghu, Hepu, Shengli and Jiuzihe. By 2009, the planting area of sweet persimmon in this county has reached 45,000 mu, with an annual output of 6,543,800 kilograms. The area and output showed a rapid upward trend.
Mirror persimmon
Persimmons are named after Cao Zhou in Heze, and the persimmons produced in Gengzhuang, Cao Zhou have the best taste. Caozhou Geng cake has a production history of thousands of years. It was famous all over the country as early as the Ming Dynasty and was listed as a tribute of the court. Caozhou Geng cake is orange-yellow and transparent, with soft meat, thick frost and no seeds. The entrance is juicy, mellow and sweet, nutritious, storable and enduring. It has always been the top grade of persimmon and is deeply loved by the people. Heze was designated to plant persimmon trees on a large scale to increase people's demand and export foreign exchange.
Lotus persimmon
Origin: Henan, Hebei, Shandong. Introduction: Persimmon has high nutritional value and is rich in sucrose, glucose, fructose, protein, carotene, vitamin C, citrulline, iodine, calcium, phosphorus and iron.
Yellow persimmon with chicken heart
It is a late-maturing variety, resistant to storage, bright in color, 4-5 pieces a catty, and can be used for sweet persimmons in the middle and late September. Chicken heart yellow is named after its bright red color, glittering and translucent luster, thin seedless skin and rich and sweet meat, which is well received by domestic tourists.
Fire crystal persimmon
Persimmon is named for its red, glittering and lustrous fruit. It is also called "fire scene" because it is soft and fiery when it matures, and it is full of branches when it matures in late autumn, as gorgeous as a flame. It is characterized by small red color, crystal clear, thin seedless skin, dense and sweet flesh, flat and round fire persimmon fruit, cool, sweet and refreshing, sweet but not greasy, excellent taste and easy peeling. The persimmon of Huojing in Shanxian and Lintong has high sugar content. Besides being eaten first, it can also be used to make wine and vinegar. It can cure gastrointestinal diseases, stop bleeding and moisten stool, lower blood pressure, and is also a good tonic. Huojing persimmon, made of fire crystal persimmon and flour, is soft and sweet, and is a famous snack in Sanmenxia and Xi 'an. Lintong Huojing persimmon is exported in large quantities every year, which is well received by domestic and foreign tourists. The reason why we eat this snack is because there are a lot of fire crystal persimmon in Guanzhong, and foreigners can't get their hands on it, which seems unreasonable. Therefore, the local food processing industry has a specialty fire crystal persimmon. Mix persimmon with sugar and flour, wrap walnuts, osmanthus flowers, roses and red bean paste in the middle, and fry in boiling oil, the crystal orange will be deeper. It is a mature but not vicissitudes feeling. The fried persimmon cake tastes warm and very close to body temperature. At this time, persimmon is no longer an elf who should have been cared for at the beginning. After eating them, they will have the idea of finding someone to rely on. Fire crystal persimmon cake is the top grade made by local Muslims, which is not only greasy in taste, regular in appearance, but also very hygienic. Hold it in your hand. It's heavy. Then there is vacuum packaging, which can be taken three or five thousand kilometers away without any problem at all.
Persimmon production in China;
China is the country that produces the most persimmons in the world, with an annual output of 700,000 tons of fresh persimmons. There are many kinds of persimmons, about 300 kinds. From the color can be divided into red persimmon, yellow persimmon, green persimmon, Zhu persimmon, white persimmon, black persimmon and so on; From the fruit shape, it can be divided into round persimmon, long persimmon, square persimmon, gourd persimmon, ox heart persimmon and so on. In the long-term domestication and production practice, people have cultivated many excellent varieties, especially famous ones: Niuxin persimmon in Mianchi, Henan Province, and "the best in the world" large persimmon produced in North China; Lotus persimmon and mirror persimmon produced in Hebei and Shandong; Yellow persimmon with chicken heart originated from Henan, Jingyang, Shaanxi and three places; Pointed persimmons in Fuping, Henan and Shaanxi; The square persimmon in Gudang area of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province is called the six famous persimmons in China. In addition, there are fire crystal persimmons in Lintong, Shaanxi, ground persimmons in hua county and pointed persimmons in Binxian. Jin Ping Persimmon in Qingdao and Da Calyx Persimmon in Yidu are both famous persimmons in China. These famous persimmons, with thin skin, fine meat, big head and sweet juice like honey, are favored by consumers. Persimmon trees have been cultivated for more than 1000 years. Zhang Zhongshu, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, called persimmon a beauty: "It tastes too much like Fang Lin's, with clear and dark colors, light and evenly wrapped in crimson wax, and it is not exposed to people." China, Japan, Korea and Brazil are the main producing areas. China is mainly produced in Pingle and Gongcheng counties in Guangxi, accounting for about 70% of the national market. Ertang Town, Pingle County is the largest persimmon and persimmon trading point in China.
No need to clean, use directly after peeling.
use
Persimmon is a kind of fruit that people like to eat. Sweet and greasy, rich in nutrition. Many people also like to eat frozen persimmons in winter, which has a unique taste. Persimmon has a high nutritional value, and its vitamin and sugar content is about 2 times higher than that of common fruits1-. If a person eats/kloc-0 persimmon a day, the intake of vitamin C can basically meet half of the daily requirement. Therefore, eating some persimmons is very beneficial to human health. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is sweet, cold and slightly astringent, and belongs to lung, spleen and stomach. It has many functions, such as moistening lung and resolving phlegm, clearing away heat and promoting fluid production, astringing intestine and stopping dysentery, invigorating spleen and regulating stomach, promoting fluid production and moistening intestine, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. Rich in carotene, riboflavin, vitamins and other trace elements.
nutritive value
Persimmon has high nutritional value and is rich in sucrose, glucose, fructose, protein, carotene, vitamin C, citrulline, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc.
Persimmon Tannic acid in persimmons can form compounds that the human body cannot absorb with minerals such as calcium, zinc, magnesium and iron in food, so these nutrients cannot be utilized, so eating more persimmons can easily lead to the lack of these minerals. Because persimmon has a high sugar content, people feel more full when they eat persimmon than when they eat the same number of apples and pears, which will affect their appetite and reduce their intake of dinner. It is generally believed that it is appropriate to eat no more than 200 grams of persimmons each time without fasting. Persimmon contains more pectin and tannic acid, which can react with gastric acid to form insoluble gel blocks, thus forming gastric stones.
Immature fruit contains tannins. Persimmon contains a lot of carbohydrates, and every100g of persimmon contains10.8g, mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose, which is why everyone thinks persimmon is very sweet. Fresh persimmons have high iodine content, which can prevent endemic goiter.
Persimmon is rich in pectin and is a kind of water-soluble dietary fiber. It has a good laxative effect, and has a good effect on correcting constipation and maintaining the normal growth of intestinal flora. Manual workers eat more persimmons: it has the function of diminishing inflammation and swelling, improving blood circulation and promoting the rehabilitation of tendon inflammation and trauma.
Persimmons are rich in symbolic nutrients. Compared with apples, apples are taller than persimmons except for zinc and copper, and all other ingredients are persimmons. As a foreign proverb says, "an apple a day keeps the doctor away." But when it comes to preventing cardiovascular sclerosis, persimmon is far more effective than apple, and it can be called the king of heart-healthy fruits. So "an apple a day is better than a persimmon a day".
Market value
Traditional persimmons have made new breakthroughs in local research, astringency-removing and crispness-keeping technology, and have a good market application, and their shelf life has also been extended, and they sell well at home and abroad. Increase the income of one person. Persimmons can also be processed into industrial raw materials. Manufacturing industrial paint.