1. Feed raw and cooked. According to the characteristics of feed types, it is decided to adopt raw feeding or cooked feeding. The principle should be to reduce the loss of feed nutrition, improve the utilization rate and prevent poisoning and diseases. Concentrate and juicy feed such as leguminous seeds, rapeseed cakes, cottonseed cakes, potatoes and sweet potatoes should contain toxic substances. Hello, prevent poisoning. Swill contains all kinds of unknown substances, so it should be cooked and fed. Corn, wheat, sorghum and all kinds of green feed should be eaten raw.
2. Coarse feeding and fine feeding. Lean feed has high water content, fast gastric emptying and little stimulation to the stomach, which leads to decreased secretion of digestive juice and reduced digestion and absorption of feed. So pigs should be fed raw dry feed and raw wet feed. Feed after fermentation, silage, chopping and other processing, should be properly squeezed to break up. But drink enough water after feeding.
3. Eat less and eat more. The number of meals is determined according to the type, age, season and feed nature of pigs. 7-day-old piglets were lured to eat unlimited meals; From the age of 20 to weaning, you can feed it more than 6 times a day; Weaned piglets 4-5 times a day; Sow with young and sow in the third trimester of pregnancy 4 times a day; Shelf pig, big pig and boar three times a day. In summer, the days are long and the nights are short. Feed 1-2 times as appropriate. In winter, if the days are short and the nights are long, we should feed the first meal early in the morning, feed it at night and add meals at night.
4. Feeding should be "four fixed". Namely qualitative, quantitative, timing and constant temperature. According to the different ages and uses of pigs, the corresponding diet should be prepared according to feeding standard, which requires comprehensive and balanced nutrition, complete species, diverse collocation, good palatability, high quality and freshness. Timing is beneficial for pigs to form habits, secrete digestive juice regularly and promote the digestion and absorption of substances. According to the nutritional status and appetite of pigs, it is generally appropriate that there is no food in the trough after feeding and pigs do not lick the trough. Spring, summer and autumn are generally fed at room temperature, and in winter, feed is prepared with hot water and fed with warm water as appropriate.
Raising pigs is not only a traditional breeding industry, but also the focus of animal husbandry. Pork food is irreplaceable by other animal foods. In addition, growing food crops, vegetables and fruits requires a lot of agricultural fertilizers, and using biogas must also raise pigs. So raising pigs is even more important.
Raising pigs is a systematic project, which pays attention to seedling selection, ingredients, management and disease prevention. It is not easy to raise pigs well, but it is not impossible. In order to raise pigs well and improve their benefits, we must master the scientific knowledge of pig raising and constantly sum up and improve it in practice. To this end, the following mainly talk about the effective technical points of feeding and fattening, in order to help pig farmers raise pigs well and then raise good economic benefits.
First, create favorable conditions for raising pigs.
In order to make pigs grow healthily and rapidly, and the input is in direct proportion to the output, it is necessary to create good conditions, specifically, to achieve "four virtues", that is, "fine varieties, good materials, good housing and good management".
1, thoroughbred: China has a vast territory, and the geographical and climatic conditions are very different. There are many local breeds of pigs, as many as dozens. From the meat quality, there are fat, thin and dual-purpose pigs. Fat pigs generally refer to local breeds in China, and lean meat accounts for 35-45% of the carcass, such as Quanhua pig, Neijiang pig and Guangdong-Guangzhou small flower pig. Lean-meat pigs refer to excellent breeds introduced from abroad, and lean meat accounts for 60-65% of the carcass, such as Landrace, Large White and Duro pigs. A pig with both meat and fertilizer refers to the offspring produced by crossing imported improved pigs as male parents and local improved sows as female parents, that is, hybrid pigs. This kind of pig has strong disease resistance, fast growth, high feed utilization rate and more lean meat. When we choose seedlings, we should choose a healthy pig with big feet and well-proportioned physique. When touching the roots of ears with hands, it will not have fever, no erythema and diarrhea, and it will be fed normally.
2. Good feed: In order to raise pigs well, it is necessary to understand the nutritional needs and functions of pigs, and at the same time learn to distinguish between true and false feed and good and bad feed, and prepare fresh and comprehensive high-quality feed for pigs.
3. Good house: The pigsty should be built in a relatively high place to facilitate drainage and defecation. At the same time, light and air permeability should be considered to prevent heatstroke and colds. The size of the pigsty is calculated as 1 pig, covering an area of 1.2 square meters, and the tank length is designed to be 40 cm per pig. The ground level is low, and other triangles are high, maintaining a certain slope. This is convenient for cleaning and cleaning.
4. Good management: When the fence is built, the seedlings are selected and the high-quality feed is ready, excellent management is necessary. The first is triangle management, which trains pigs to eat in one place, sleep in another place and pull in another place; The second is to clean up frequently; Third, accurate delivery; Fourth, pay attention to observe whether pigs are sick; Fifth, regular deworming and epidemic prevention.
Second, improve the feeding methods.
In order to make fattening pigs grow healthily and rapidly, in addition to the above-mentioned "four virtues", there should be four changes in feeding methods, namely, cooked feed should be changed into raw feed, dilute feed should be changed into dry and wet feed, single feed should be changed into mixed feed, and random feed should be changed into regular quantitative feed.
1, boiled to raw feed: The traditional feeding method is to cook the feed for pigs. In the cooking process, high temperature will destroy some nutrients, especially most vitamins. Improper cooking may also cause nitrite poisoning, leading to pig death. Raw feed can not only ensure that nutrients are not destroyed, but also save manpower and fuel and prevent nitrite poisoning. Except for potatoes, taro, pumpkin and cassava, which have high starch content and are conducive to digestion when cooked, other feeds can be eaten raw.
2, dilute to dry and wet feeding: there are dry feeding, dilute feeding and dry and wet feeding methods for raising pigs. Dry feeding requires a lot of saliva and gastric juice to soak the feed, and dry powder is also easy to cause pharyngitis and suffocate pigs; Sparse feeding, it seems that the pigs are full, but their growth is poor. Because first, too much water dilutes gastric juice, which is not conducive to digestion; Second, excessive water increases the burden on internal organs, and the excretion is fast and large, which affects the digestion and absorption of feed; Third, there is not enough water and nutrition, and it is impossible to accurately grasp the feeding amount. Dry and wet feeding method, the concentration is generally like porridge. After feeding, the gastric juice can be well decomposed, which can promote the digestion and absorption of feed, make pigs grow fast and have high rewards.
3, single feeding to mixed feeding: the traditional feeding method is to feed rice bran with rice bran, sweet potato with sweet potato, corn with corn, and feed everything in a word.