There are many factors that affect children's mental health, mainly family factors, social influences and school education. This article will mainly analyze family factors. I hope it will help everyone!
Psychological factors affecting mental health refer to individual's subjective psychological state and accumulated experience of interaction between individual and environment in the process of individual development, including early and late life experiences and personality development. The psychological reasons that affect children's mental health mainly include children's motivation system, emotional tendency, behavior habits, cognitive ability, personality characteristics and early experiences.
Paper Keywords: mental health, family education, social impact, school education
Childhood is an important period of life development, and personality and many psychological qualities are formed during this period. Psychology defines this period as the key period of life development. Family is the most important and basic environment for children's psychological development, and its influence on children's mental health is not only manifested in the biological genetic influence, but also in the influence of parents' emotional attitude, personality, value orientation and psychological morality on children.
Family is the place where children live for a long time, and it is also the first environment that children contact. The quality of family relationship, parents' parenting style and attitude towards educating children all affect children's physical and mental health. The influence of family environment on the physical and mental development of children and adolescents is realized in a complex way with many factors and aspects. The following aspects are the main family factors that affect children's mental health.
family structure
Family structure mainly refers to the population structure of the family. In the family population structure, a very important factor is the integrity of family structure. Broken families, including families that only live with their mothers or fathers after their parents divorce-single-parent families; A family in which the mother remarries or the father remarries, and one party is a "stepfather" or a "stepmother"; Neither parent wants it, and the child is fostered in other families without biological parents. Children living in such a family environment can't get due care and attention, lack of happy and harmonious family atmosphere, simple and poor contact language, and their curiosity and exploration behavior are blocked. At the same time, the breakdown of the family makes children feel shocked and confused, and it is difficult to adapt to the "new" family, and they have no sense of security and happiness, making them lonely and unsociable, and it is difficult to form a sound personality.
Someone has investigated the relationship between family structure and mental health of 1095 primary and middle school students. The results show that the proportion of primary and middle school students living in incomplete families (due to the death or divorce of one or both parents) and families where one or both parents are absent is 13.8%, while the proportion of children with problems in complete families is only 0.2%, which fully shows that a sound and complete family structure has a good effect on children's mental health development. In recent years, some studies on divorce and children's mental health have generally confirmed that parents' divorce has caused serious anxiety and contradictions in children's minds. Suspicious, withdrawn, indifferent, uneasy or neurotic, and even lead to psychopathy and antisocial behavior. This is mainly because the broken family structure has brought excessive tension and emotional conflict to children, and the family lacks warmth and care, which leads them to lose their life goals, so they are turbulent in their thoughts, emotions, behaviors and personalities, which is easy to develop in a bad direction. Therefore, mobilizing various forces to stabilize the family structure is of great significance to ensure the healthy growth of the next generation.
(2) Family atmosphere
The so-called atmosphere refers to people's environmental atmosphere and emotional appeal, which is a certain psychological mood and environmental atmosphere produced by people's mutual influence and restriction in a certain environment.
A good family atmosphere can make children lively and cheerful, generous and studious, honest and humble, gregarious and curious; On the contrary, if the child has a bad relationship with family members, or parents often quarrel and tear, the family atmosphere is indifferent, and the relationship between members is not harmonious, it will give the child a feeling of instability, cause psychological pressure on the child, and make the child in an unpleasant mood for a long time, or panic, anxiety, and loss of security. Moreover, a bad family atmosphere will make children timid, selfish, jealous, lonely, lazy, laissez-faire and rude. In addition, living in such a noisy family, parents are noisy all day and even beat and scold each other. What role does the child play in this situation? He loves his father as well as his mother. His two dearest people are quarrelling. what should he do ？ Younger children will be scared into a daze or cry, and older children will feel embarrassed and painful. This is very harmful to children's psychology, and it is easy to cause children's behavioral disorders, such as night terrors, nightmares and enuresis.
In addition, because children often bring their parents and other family members (grandfather, grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, etc.). As the closest and most direct imitation and cognitive objects in the process of adapting to the family environment, they feel things, get familiar with the environment, develop their own habits and behaviors, and form their own psychological set and personality characteristics through imitation learning. Then, in the contact with the social environment in the future, I began to use the psychological model, personality characteristics and personality traits nurtured in the family atmosphere for a long time. Bad role models often induce children's bad behavior and form unhealthy psychology. Many children have many images of ideal parents in their minds because of the positive influence of literary works or society, and expect their parents to move closer to these ideal images. The closer parents are to this expectation, the stronger their sense of identity. However, if the parents in children's eyes are different from their ideal images, children's cognition of their parents' roles will be distorted. When these parents teach them with a straight face, they often take a casual or refusal attitude and even imitate their parents' bad behavior.
Parents are the children's first teachers and the oldest and dearest teachers. Parents' words and deeds have a subtle influence on children's character shaping, personality formation, intellectual development and value orientation. Therefore, the family atmosphere dominated by the family interpersonal relationship between parents and the family education relationship between parents and children (educational attitudes and methods) has a great influence on children's mental health. Parents' eyes, language communication, behavior, personality, style and attitude towards their children can invisibly stimulate and enlighten their children's psychology, and form their own psychological and personality characteristics in the process of adaptation. Therefore, the quality of family atmosphere is an important related factor of children's mental health level.
Educational attitudes and methods
From the perspective of development, children's education should be adults' conscious and continuous efforts to develop all the potential abilities of children, that is, parents have the responsibility and obligation to provide all conditions for children, including environment and interpersonal communication, and care for their all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Different attitudes of parents towards children's education will have different effects on children's psychological development. They are too strict with their children, either beating or scolding them, and often give them irrelevant reprimands. If they can't convince people with reason and move people with emotion, they will make their children irritable, rude or timid, shy and lie to others. It may also be due to frequent mental stress, unable to use the pronunciation organs to breathe evenly, resulting in stuttering. Due to the influence of stuttering, children are prone to form loneliness, retreat, timidity and inferiority, and are also prone to psychological symptoms such as excitement, anger, emotional instability and restless sleep. On the contrary, if you spoil, obey or indulge your children too much, it will also damage their mental health, making them self-centered, subjective and willful, arrogant and surly, moody, suddenly loving and hating, and psychologically confused. If parents take improper education methods such as beating, shutting down, threatening and cajoling, children will be grumpy, rude or timid, and lie. And often have a sense of fear. Many parents beat and scold their children on the grounds of "hating iron and not turning into steel" when they are disobedient or do something wrong. Some parents even punish their children by kneeling, poking with needles and locking them up. Children are afraid of being beaten and suffering. They appear to obey their parents' wishes, but they are not really educated. On the contrary, parents' violence against children affects the healthy development of children's personality. Children are good at imitation. They imitate the behavior of adults and treat their weak companions with rude behavior. Over time, this rude character was formed.
There are also many parents who are afraid that their children are not safe outside, which will cause trouble to adults. For the sake of safety, they keep their children indoors and seldom let them go out. This practice will make children timid, so they can't adapt to the environment well and live independently. Many parents can't help crying their children, so they use "intimidation" to deal with it. As everyone knows, this is very harmful to children's mental health. Intimidation often makes children timid and panic. In severe cases, children often have fear and even mental disorders, which is not conducive to their physical and mental health.
Nowadays, most children are only children, and they are "little emperors" at home. Because there is only one child, parents' overindulgence leads to overindulgence, which makes many children form unhealthy characters such as arrogance, coquetry, selfishness, cowardice, loneliness and dependence, which hinders the socialization of children's personality and affects their intellectual development and psychological maturity. It is gradually formed in the interaction between children and the outside world. Through interpersonal communication, children gradually develop self-awareness, self-evaluation and self-control ability and independence, psychologically experience that they are members of a group or society, and then take the initiative to assume responsibilities and obligations. However, spoiled children's interpersonal communication is limited to parents and children, and they can't appreciate other people's feelings, consciousness and values from extensive communication. After entering kindergarten or school, if you don't know the means and methods of communication with people, you will easily form a withdrawn, dependent and depressed character, resulting in different degrees of emotional disorders. Psychological research shows that human intelligence is developed in cognitive activities, thinking activities and operational activities. Because doting children have completed various activities instead of children, children no longer do, think and explore activities. Therefore, after entering kindergartens and primary schools, they will become weak, give in, refuse to think, and their intellectual development will be inhibited.
Of course, educational attitudes and methods must not be the same, but should be different according to children's different development levels and different personality characteristics. If both parents can adopt reasonable attitudes and correct educational methods, children can easily show independent ability, enthusiasm, friendly attitude and stable emotions; On the other hand, if parents adopt a doting, conniving and accommodating attitude towards their children, children will easily show poor adaptability, dependence, willfulness and stubbornness. Therefore, it is very important to correct parents' attitude towards their children. Without a correct parenting attitude, there is no good parenting method.
Chen Jialin from Teachers College of Yangzhou University once conducted a survey on family education among 1095 primary and middle school students. The results show that among the students with mental health problems. The proportion of parents who adopt bad education methods such as inconsistent attitude, pressure orientation, discrimination and frequent beating and cursing is higher than that of normal students, and the difference is statistically significant. It is worth pointing out that all kinds of defects in family education not only have adverse effects on children's physical development and spiritual growth, but also will be reflected in the next generation's family establishment, which deserves every parent's serious consideration.
(D) Parents' cultural and psychological qualities
Parents are the children's first teachers and the oldest and dearest teachers. Parents' words and deeds have a subtle influence on children's character shaping, personality formation, intellectual development and value orientation. Especially parents' cultural quality and psychological quality have a subtle influence on children's psychological maturity and growth.
As far as cultural quality is concerned, generally speaking, if parents have high cultural quality, they often have higher requirements and expectations for their children. They use their knowledge and strong curiosity to influence and educate their children, cultivate their tenacious enterprising spirit, and at the same time give them better guidance in their studies. On the contrary, parents with low cultural quality are not enterprising and often have low requirements for their children. They not only don't study by themselves, but also don't care about their children's study, and even only care about their own entertainment, which affects their study. Many research results show that parents' cultural quality is highly related to their children's mental health.
As far as psychological quality is concerned, it can be said that parents have the greatest influence on children's behavior and psychological state closely related to it, rather than preaching, because the psychology of children and parents is in a state of magical integration, induction and participation. They often react quickly to major changes in their parents' minds, and their parents' psychological obstacles will be projected into their children's hearts without exception. Children's psychological and even physical illness can often be found in their parents' mental state. Therefore, while educating their children, parents should also realize that if they want to change something about their children, they should first look at whether they can change themselves and strive to have a clear, philosophical, kind and frank psychological quality. Only in this way can children have a good personality and a hotbed of excellent personality.
As the saying goes, "Parents are children, and children are parents' mirrors". Especially for young children, their compliance, attribution and imitation are very strong. Children imitate unhealthy personality and behavior habits from their parents. Some parents are moody. They are close to their children when they are happy, but when they are angry, they vent their anger on them, so they are moody and eccentric.
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