First, the geographical advantages are different, one is close to Hong Kong and Macao, and the other is around Shanghai.
The protagonist has his own advantages.
The Yangtze River Delta region is located in the East China Plain, with convenient transportation, distinct seasons and rich products. It has been a fertile land since ancient times.
The river network here is dense, leading directly to the sea, and it has been a bustling place where merchants gather since ancient times.
This region is also the most densely populated, economically developed and affluent economic region in China.
Especially recently, after half a century's construction in the Yangtze River Delta, the traffic along Shanghai-Nanjing, Shanghai-Hangzhou and Hangzhou-Ningbo is a dense urban belt, which is also the main axis of industrial agglomeration and productivity development. Ports, industries and cities along the Yangtze River and coastal areas have also developed rapidly since the 1970s, initially forming an economic development belt with Shanghai as the leader and Nanjing and Hangzhou as the axis.
The Pearl River Delta is located in South China Plain, and its natural environment is characterized by low terrain, dense river network, fertile soil and abundant water and heat resources.
Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the Pearl River Delta began to develop pond farming system, and continuously expanded the reclamation area, developed commodity agriculture, and gradually developed into an important agricultural area and commodity grain base in China.
It is rich in products and has obvious geographical advantages: it is close to Hong Kong and Macao. Since 1980s, as a window for China's economic opening to the outside world and a springboard for understanding the latest development of the world economy, the economic development strategy is complementary to that of Hong Kong and Macao, and driven by the economy of Hong Kong and Macao, it has gradually formed its own unique economic development model.
Second, the earliest opening, supported by various policies, relatively sound policies and regulations, and rich experience; Another area with a good economic foundation has been an economically developed area since ancient times.
The Pearl River Delta is the earliest open area in China. Due to the geographical advantages adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, as a window for China to know the world and China, the state has given considerable policy support in the process of its development and construction, including finance and taxation. The fiscal revenue handed over by Guangdong province to the state was not as good as that of Suzhou, which made Shanghai, Jiangsu and other regions very envious at that time.
Ye Xuanping, then secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, also said with great emotion that the development of Guangdong cannot be separated from the policy support of the state.
Pearl River Delta region is the leader and main body of Guangdong's economic and social development, and it is also one of the most dynamic and important growth poles in China's regional economy.
In 1980s, the Pearl River Delta achieved historic development under the joint promotion of external factors of Hong Kong and Macao and reform forces in the region.
Since the reform and opening-up, the Pearl River Delta region, with its geographical advantages adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, has started with the processing trade of "three supplements" and "big imports and big exports", attracted a large number of overseas investments and quickly became the region with the highest degree of economic internationalization or extroversion in China.
The Yangtze River Delta has been a fertile land with developed economy and rich products since ancient times. From "Suzhou and Shanghai are familiar with each other" to the birthplace of capitalism, from developed agricultural high-yield areas to the most advanced industrial concentration areas in China today, the achievements of each step do not depend on the preferential policies of the state. With its own strength, it has developed rapidly from vigorously developing township enterprises to self-accumulation support in urban and rural areas in the region.
Nowadays, the Yangtze River Delta economy has entered the most dynamic urban belt in China, with Shanghai as the leader and the goal of establishing an international economic, financial and trade center. High-tech industries have developed rapidly and the industrial structure has been continuously improved.
At present, the Yangtze River Delta region has become a "hot spot" for domestic and foreign investors with its excellent infrastructure, developed science and technology education and increasingly perfect policy environment, especially transnational capital is being transferred to the Yangtze River Delta region on a large scale.
Three, after more than 20 years of development, the Pearl River Delta has become the pillar of China's economy and the two most competitive regions in China's national economy.
From the overall indicators: (Take the data of 2005 statistical bulletin as an example)
From the per capita index:
The Pearl River Delta, which includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, is the most densely populated, economically developed and affluent economic region in China.
At the end of 2005, the population of China was 6.5438+0.30756 million, while the area of 25 cities in the Yangtze River Delta was less than 200,000 square kilometers, accounting for 2% of the country's 9.6 million square kilometers. The population is only 12 1839250, accounting for only 9.32% of the whole country. However, in this tiny place, in 2005, both economic aggregate and per capita relative indicators were far above the national average, and some indicators even reached more than one third of the national level!
Although after more than 20 years of construction, remarkable achievements have been made. However, because the cities in the Yangtze River Delta are relatively small, they are very similar in geographical location, human history, climatic conditions and living habits. Therefore, there are many problems in the process of economic development, and the obstacles they face in the process of development are different, and the following development strategies are different.
First of all, from the perspective of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, as they belong to Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there must be a long-term administrative division in the process of industrial upgrading:
(1) fragmentation leads to unreasonable division of labor in the industry.
According to the evolution law of industrial structure, the Yangtze River Delta region is in the middle stage of industrialization, basically realizing the fundamental transformation of industrial structure from adaptive adjustment to strategic adjustment, and is rapidly moving towards the late stage of industrialization.
However, in the process of industrial upgrading, the Yangtze River Delta is facing the problem of fragmentation.
Because the Yangtze River Delta 16 cities belong to Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai provinces, the administrative subordination relationship is complex, and regional coordination is very difficult. Judging from the output value of major export industries in the three provinces and cities, three or four of the top major industries are exactly the same.
This convergent industrial structure will inevitably lead to vicious competition under the baton of counting GDP by administrative region, and it is difficult to carry out the association and cooperation between enterprises, and the overall advantages of the region cannot be formed.
(2) From the goal of regional modernization, there are also some constraints in the development of the Yangtze River Delta.
The main problems are the convergence of industrial structure, the lack of reasonable vertical and horizontal division of labor among cities, the duplication of productivity layout and the convergence of industrial structure, and even the competition to lower the threshold in the process of attracting foreign investment.
The metropolitan area is underdeveloped, with repeated infrastructure construction, lack of overall planning and coordination, serious regional environmental pollution, and the ability of sustainable development needs to be improved urgently.
Market segmentation, imperfect infrastructure and various problems in the process of urbanization are all important factors leading to unreasonable economic structure.
Nine cities in the Pearl River Delta belong to Guangdong Province. So there are no drawbacks such as fragmented administration. However, due to geographical separation, the Pearl River Delta has not radiated to the mainland in economic history.
Since the reform and opening up 20 years ago, it has always been famous for its large-scale import and export processing trade, and its radiation and influence on the market are mainly abroad rather than at home. Therefore, its contribution to China's economy is mainly manifested in its role as a major export province.
And it is generally believed that there is no "leader" in the Pearl River Delta, that is, the "leader effect" has not been well played in the Pearl River Delta.
In addition, in terms of urban functions and positioning, it is reported that the only cities in Guangdong Province that explicitly support the positioning of "central cities" are Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and Dongguan later announced to the media that it would "build Dongguan into a modern central city".
From the industry point of view, Shenzhen has an annual "high-tech fair" and Dongguan has an "electric fair". Shunde, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Huizhou and Shenzhen are all engaged in home appliance manufacturing, and the industrial convergence is very obvious.
The Pearl River Delta region lacks recognized leading cities.
The result of the Warring States War was a waste of resources, the overall strength could not be formed, and the competitive advantage of its regional economy was naturally greatly reduced.
In view of the problems existing in the two major economic zones at present, the next economic development strategy has also been formulated. As one of the most dynamic areas in the Asia-Pacific region, the strategic focus of the development of the Yangtze River Delta is how to gain the initiative of overall economic development through the upgrading of regional industrial structure and maintain the relative independence and integrity of its economic system.
Therefore, strengthening * * * cooperation to build a market system is one of the key points of industrial coordination and adjustment in the Yangtze River Delta region.
With the continuous strengthening of market awareness, the Yangtze River Delta is now realizing dislocation development.
For example, at this stage, it is inevitable that Shanghai, which has the secondary and tertiary industries, will compete with Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, which are dominated by manufacturing. However, Shanghai's manufacturing industry will gradually migrate to the surrounding areas, and the proportion of Shanghai's industries will gradually shrink, transforming into a modern urban economy dominated by service industries.
In terms of foreign investment, manufacturing went to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, business services went to Shanghai, small and medium-sized enterprises went to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and large enterprises went to Shanghai.
Now high-tech Taiwanese businessmen have gathered in Kunshan, Suzhou, Wuxi and other places to form a complete IT manufacturing community, while Shanghai provides all-round services for surrounding enterprises before, during and after delivery.
These urban communities with different functions and orientations provide very good choices and markets for foreign investors.
The original text of this article
In addition, as a key measure to realize the coordinated development of regional economy, the Yangtze River Delta 16 city attaches great importance to market construction, and has initially established a number of market frameworks for factors such as finance, science and technology and commodities that are in line with the domestic market, forming a number of commodity markets with annual transaction volume exceeding 10 billion yuan.
Among them, Shanghai has basically built a multi-functional and high-level market system including wholesale, retail, spot and futures, and has become the city with the largest number and scale of transactions in China's modern big market.
In addition, among the top ten means of production markets in China, the Yangtze River Delta currently accounts for six, which significantly strengthens the role of market mechanism in resource allocation, thus helping to guide enterprises to rationally divide their work and arrange production according to the principle of maximizing interests.
The signing of CEPA indicates that the planning of "Greater Pearl River Delta" economic zone advocated by the Pearl River Delta in recent years has received strong response from the country, Hong Kong and Macao. The so-called "Greater Pearl River Delta" is based on the original "Small Pearl River Delta", plus Hong Kong and Macao.
The center and leader of the "Greater Pearl River Delta" is Hong Kong, which is an international service center supporting and promoting the manufacturing development of the "Greater Pearl River Delta" urban agglomeration with international financial centers, logistics centers and shipping centers.
In this way, the dispute over the central city and the positioning of the three cities have been solved.
If Guangdong is to develop into one of the most important manufacturing bases in the world, Hong Kong should focus on the service industry, supplemented by the manufacturing industry, and develop into one of the most important service centers in the world, focusing on modern logistics and finance.
Macao is still a service-oriented city based on the existing tourism industry.
? In this way, two industrial clusters have been formed: the eastern urban agglomeration of the Pearl River Estuary, which is dominated by manufacturing industry and supplemented by service industry, has developed into one of the most important information industry bases, high-tech industry bases and petrochemical industry bases (Huizhou) in the world; The urban agglomeration in the west of the Pearl River Estuary, with manufacturing industry as the mainstay and service industry as the supplement, has developed into one of the most important manufacturing bases of household appliances and hardware, high-tech production base and basic industrial base (Zhuhai) in the world.
CEPA will accelerate the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, which will affect the urban functions of the west bank of the Pearl River, especially Zhuhai.
After the completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, it will accelerate the expansion of the world's most important manufacturing center in the Greater Pearl River Delta to the west coast. Relying on the advantages of Hong Kong's international service industry and international center city, Zhuhai will develop into a manufacturing center city in western Guangdong.
To sum up, under the background of global economic integration, the sustained and high-speed development of China's economy is inseparable from the coordinated development of regional economic progress. China has a vast territory and a large population, and the distribution of resources is extremely unbalanced. Only by combining the characteristics and advantages of this region and vigorously promoting the development of regional economy can China's economy maintain a high-speed, sustained and healthy development. The Yangtze River Delta is the biggest highlight of China since the reform and opening up. Therefore, it is of positive significance to better study and analyze the successful experience of economic development in these two regions and find out the problems and solutions in the development process, which will promote regional economic cooperation in China and better integrate into the process of global economic integration.