Female reproductive organs (female internal reproductive organs)
1. Ovary
Also known as female gonads, they are paired glands located on both sides of the uterus, behind the pelvis and below the fallopian tubes. They are not only places where female sex cells are stored and matured, but also places where estrogen and lutein hormones are produced. They are composed of medulla (inner layer) and cortex (outer layer). Ovary can produce hormones that stimulate sexual desire and can prepare and maintain uterus for implantation.
2. Follicles
Each follicle contains an oocyte. There are about 200,000 to 400,000 follicles at birth. With the onset of puberty, the number will decrease and menopause will gradually disappear.
3. Fallopian tube
Also known as fallopian tube, it is connected with ovary and uterus, where fertilization takes place, and unfertilized eggs or fertilized eggs can also be sent to uterus. Can be divided into four parts:
(1) funnel
The distal end of the fallopian tube is close to the ovary and can cover the whole ovary.
(2) Ampulla
It is the longest and widest part, which constitutes two-thirds of the fallopian tube and is also the place for fertilization.
(3) Isthmus
A short, narrow wavy part near the uterus.
(4) Through the intramural part of the uterine wall.
Comprise a mucosa layer, a muscle lay and a serosa layer.
# Mucosal layer: composed of columnar cells with cilia, it can produce mucus, provide nutrition for eggs staying in fallopian tubes, and help eggs move down to uterus through the action of cilia and the peristalsis and contraction of muscle layer.
# Muscle layer: the right side is divided into two layers, the inner layer is spiral and the outer layer is vertical.
# Serous layer: the fibrous membrane covered by the outermost layer of fallopian tube.
Step 4: uterus
The uterus is a hollow thick-walled muscle organ that looks like an inverted pear. Anatomically, it can be divided into three parts: uterine body, uterine bottom and cervix. The uterine body is the largest part, which is separated from the cervix by a narrow isthmus. The fundus of uterus is where two fallopian tubes are inserted. The cervix is connected to the vagina, protruding a little. The opening in vagina is called external os, and the opening in uterus is called internal os.
The uterus consists of three layers: connective tissue next to the uterus, uterine basement and endometrium. Among them, muscularis is a part of muscle tissue, which accounts for most of the uterus and is mostly composed of involuntary muscles.
5. Vagina
It is a hole formed by the muscular membrane, which connects the uterus with the external genitalia through the cervix. It can be divided into epithelial tissue, fibrous connective tissue and muscle layer. There are folds in the mucosa of vaginal wall, which are not only elastic, but also increase the dilatability of vagina, but decrease with age during menopause and after menopause.
Female genitalia (external female genitalia)
Include pubic mound, labia majora, labia minora and clitoris.
The pubic mound is located in front of the pubic symphysis and consists of a layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. There is a skin fold at the left and right of the lower end, that is, the labia majora, which contains many sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
There are two smaller folds in the central depression of labia majora, which are labia minora. The upper part of the labia minora is surrounded by the clitoris, which is equivalent to the male penis, and there is a cavernous body, which can be congested and erect.
Second, men.
Male genitals include penis, urethra, Cobb gland, prostate, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, epididymis and testis, and most of these organs will not fully mature until adolescence.
1. penis
It is divided into root, body and gland. The root is fixed on the perineum, and the body consists of three sponges. When stimulated by sex and injected with a lot of blood, it will become hard and straight, that is, erection. There is a urethra in the middle of the lower cavernous body, and the end of penis (glans penis) contains many nerve endings, so the end of penis is particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation and covered by foreskin.
2. urethra
In addition to urination, the male urethra can also exclude semen. The urethra passes through the prostate and receives seminal vesicle, vas deferens and secretory ducts of the prostate.
3. Prostate
The prostate is located directly below the bladder and around the corner of the urethra. There are many secretory tubules that can inject their secretions into the urethra.
4.seminal vesicle
Its function is to store semen, not sperm. About 5 cm long, located behind the bladder, above the prostate, on the left and right sides. Each seminal vesicle will inject its secretion into a small tube, which will quickly merge with the vas deferens to form an ejaculatory duct.
5. Testis, epididymis and vas deferens
In the early stage of embryonic development, the testis grows slowly at the same height as the kidney. When the fetus is seven months old, the testicles will begin to descend to and from the femoral canal and gradually reach the scrotum. If the testicles do not descend to the scrotum normally, they will become immature and lead to infertility.
Epididymis is located behind the upper margin of testis and is divided into head, body and tail. Its function is to store sperm just made by testicles.