First, mental health Mental health refers to a state in which people have a stable feeling about the internal environment and the external environment can adapt to any form of society. In other words, when encountering any obstacles and difficulties, mental disorders cannot be overcome through appropriate actions, such as stability and adaptation. Mental health is an absolute measure, which is very difficult. Health is relative, and there is no absolute dividing line. Generally speaking, there are three principles to judge whether it is normal psychology: first, the unity of psychology and environment. Normal psychological activities are consistent with the objective environment in content and form. Second, the unity of psychology and behavior. This means that individual psychology and its behavior are a complete, unified and coordinated process. Third, the stability of personality. Personality is an individual's life experience, and in the long process, it has formed specific psychological characteristics that embody unique personality. Psychological disorder is a mental illness or a slight psychological disorder. It appears that most contemporary college students encounter sudden problems or irreconcilable contradictions in a short time because of physical and mental fatigue, mental tension and psychological contradictions, and the change of context disappears or slows down; Individual is a long time, more serious, or even drop out of school. Mental disorders are manifested in various forms, mainly in psychological activities and behaviors. In psychological activities, such as allergy or decline, abnormal somatosensory perception, hallucinations, delusions, forgetfulness, paranoia, coinage, confusion and disorder, it is difficult to get along with. Behavior and anxiety, indifference, stubbornness, aggression, heavy heart. Despair, even pain, and so on.
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1, the significance of mental health education Mental health education is an effective way to improve the overall quality of students' psychological quality, which is mainly manifested in a relatively stable internal psychological characteristic.
Including individual mental and psychological factors, temperament, personality and emotion, is the basis for the formation and development of other qualities. The understanding and growth of students is essentially a continuous process of psychological activities and psychological development. The cultural knowledge provided by education to students can only penetrate into individual personality traits through individual selection and internalization, so it moves from naivety to maturity. This process is to improve the level of individual psychological quality. Improving students' comprehensive quality is largely influenced by psychological quality. All kinds of qualities that form students' psychological quality are the intermediary of creative consciousness, and the formation and development of self-personality, competitiveness and adaptability should be dominated by psychological quality. In the social environment, maintaining good psychological adaptation is the key to resist temptation, bear setbacks and realize self-discipline. It is in this sense that the comprehensive quality of college students depends on the level of psychological quality, which in turn depends on the success or failure of mental health education in schools.
2. Mental health education is closely related to students' personality motivation.
With the development of basic mental health education and personality education, it directly affects the individual's personality development level. On the one hand, students' moral behavior, environmental information and social expectations in the process of mental health education gradually improve their personality structure; On the other hand, objective psychological life, as a kind of value, also affects the development of the protagonist in its own measurement, evaluation and control, and can be transformed into personality traits under certain conditions, thus making personality develop to a new height. At the same time, mental health education is not passively connected with this transformation, but dynamically adjusts guidance education in the process of transformation, so that individuals can maintain their own understanding and evaluation behavior, thus achieving the goal of optimizing their psychologically sound personality.
3. One of the goals of mental health education is a reliable way to develop students' potential.
Education is to cultivate the potential of the educated. Good psychological quality and potential development complement each other. On the premise of mutual development, mental health education develops in harmony with two necessary conditions. The inspiration of mental health education comes from the education of self-confidence, which helps the body to understand itself. For a higher level, it realizes the role transformation to adapt to the development of the environment, and finally makes their potential fully developed.
3. Psychological problems in the current psychological situation of contemporary college students.
Contemporary college students will not only affect their own development, but also improve the quality of the whole nation, which also involves the cultivation of cross-century talents. A quality survey in Contemporary Keys shows that people's quality can't meet the needs of the progress and development of modern society. What they lack most is psychological quality, which is characterized by weakness, lack of ability, frustration, poor adaptability and self-reliance, lack of competition and crisis, lack of self-confidence and strong dependence. The reason why people don't attach importance to education is related to the cultivation and shaping of psychological quality. In college, it is precisely because of self-denial and self-exclusion that I almost lost my desire and confidence to engage in all actions; Love is suicide or self-destruction caused by failure or frustration in exams; Some people are cynical or desperate because the reality is not ideal; Some people don't avoid groups and isolate themselves because of relationships. A large number of surveys show that the main reason for the current high incidence of college students is psychological disorder, and psychological diseases have become the main diseases of college students. Specific manifestations are terror, anxiety, compulsion, depression and emotional crisis, neurasthenia and so on. The annual survey of freshmen's mental health in our school shows that many college students have poor psychological quality and have different degrees of obstacles every year. Students from the College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy will drop out in the first year of 2002. There are four students, four of whom are: 1, whose pursuit of girls is rejected and their mood is unstable; 2. I have long suspected that students talk about themselves behind their backs and despise themselves, so they dare not face others; 3. Lose confidence in life goals, and Mitty is depressed and depressed; 4, manic, abnormal behavior. Finally, I can't continue my studies. Common psychological problems also reflect environmental stress problems, self-cognitive barriers, interpersonal barriers, emotional instability, emotional maladjustment and so on. Contemporary psychological problems can not be ignored.
Fourth, the causes of various psychological problems of contemporary college students. On the one hand, the quality of college students is related to the development of their own psychological stage and also to their social environment. College students are generally teenagers to 22 years old, and they are young people in the middle when they are three years old. Adolescence is the most dramatic period of psychological changes in a person's life. Due to immature psychological development and emotional instability, we are faced with a series of physiological, psychological and social adaptation problems. Psychological conflicts occur from time to time, such as ideals and conflicts, rationality and sensibility, independence and dependence, self-reality and inferiority, knowledge and ability to distinguish conflicts, competition and conflicts, so it is required to distinguish self-esteem conflicts steadily. These conflicts and contradictions, if not solved effectively, clearly and reasonably, will form psychological barriers over time, especially for contemporary college students. In order to win in the fierce competition, they almost devote themselves to their studies, their parents' overprotection, school-style education and lack of life experience, which makes these students psychologically fragile, weak and lack of frustration tolerance. The setbacks in study, life, friends, love and career are not slight enough, so that among them. From the perspective of environmental factors, the accelerated pace of life and the intensification of competition make people feel a sense of urgency and time pressure; Adding personal goals in life choices makes it difficult to balance contradictions and intensify internal contradictions, leading to the loss of anxiety. Due to the changing environment and inadaptability, confusion, anxiety and tension, all these problems have obviously increased. More and more students are psychologically influenced by social changes, which is more complicated and intense than ever before. Various physiological factors, psychological confusion and social factors are intertwined, which can easily cause psychological imbalance in the development of college students. People with poor psychological quality can't adapt to the natural speed, high technology and highly competitive environment, which easily leads to heavy psychological burden of various psychological diseases.
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The objective aspect ratio and the study, life and interpersonal relationship of high school and college students have changed greatly.
1) The learning tasks, contents and methods have changed. Middle school is the basis of applying knowledge in the future, and it is to prepare for further study or employment; The professional knowledge of universities aims at shaping students into high-level professionals for building the motherland. High school has only been studying this course for a few short years. The daily tutoring of high school teachers goes hand in hand with the sky; Universities have strong self-study ability and the ability to think and solve problems independently. Freshmen often don't adapt to this change in school life. I don't know how to adapt and how to spend your time.
2) The living environment has changed. I have boarding experience in high school, but most freshmen are still at school, from school to life with their families. After entering the university, a main class collective living environment, dormitory has become the main living area, full of self-care in daily life, which is usually those who are used to relying on their parents and family, which is indeed a problem. This change has brought them some mental pressure.
3) Compared with high school, the relationship is complicated. Most freshmen live a concentrated life. From primary school to middle school, they also have some like-minded friends. I have been a teacher for several years, and every time I meet you. Familiar faces, similar languages and customs constitute their familiar environment. Being admitted to a university is a complete stranger in different areas, and people's languages and customs are different; Now that students have become unfamiliar from the original prosperity and intimacy, this idea is hard to say. This is just a freshman aged 17, which is a habit. So every holiday, I will miss my family and my classmates, and I will feel lonely.
4) The attitude towards social work has changed. Most high school work and activities are carried out by teachers under the guidance of a few students. College students have strong self-management ability, multi-level affairs and many social activities. In addition to improving students' learning, they should also undertake certain social work and care about class construction. Freshmen often have to make greater efforts to adapt to this life, and their work lacks initiative. I don't know where their government is, to feel the pressure.
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The contradiction between freshmen's subjective material life and spiritual life depends on all aspects of independent consciousness; Possibility enhances self-reliance and ability, and the contradiction between self-awareness and subjective desire is the objective condition of self-reliance. This is because these two aspects make freshmen who are not adapted to the new environment prone to the following psychological problems:
First, complacency. Because he was admitted to the university, the teacher praised the envy of his classmates and the unanimous praise of his friends, and celebrated his parents. Some students gradually relaxed their fighting all day in this narcissistic day, thinking that they are elite high school universities and have good grades, so they relaxed their requirements for complacency.
The second is disappointment and shame. Some students know that college life is too idealistic and mysterious before going to school, and there is a big gap between ideal and reality after going to school, which leads to disappointment. And some high school students, who are elites and whose families and schools are the key protection, will suddenly take a serious step to go to college and have a good impression.
Third, pass by to relax your emotions and psychology. Some students are regarded as the end of the iron rice bowl, who have achieved their goals in the long-term struggle, met their psychological needs and rested their physical hopes. In addition, after entering the university, an unknown goal, his adaptability is not strong, and the competitive momentum has weakened. He has a "relaxed and rested" mentality, and he can no longer summon up the courage to move on.
The fourth is timidity. Because of the change of environment, you hesitate to participate in social activities, and the playground will not patronize. Besides studying all day, doing nothing and living a single life hinder the development of personality.
Fifth, educational measures for psychological problems.
Psychological quality is not innate, but depends on acquired education and training, which plays a decisive role in improving educational psychological quality. Many college students in our school have explored and tried psychological quality education and carried out a series of work, which has achieved good results, but there are still many shortcomings to be improved. The following are effective educational measures:
1, give full play to the role of school psychological counseling.
School guidance is an important way to improve students' mental health and optimize their psychological quality, and it is also an important part of psychological quality education. With the passage of time, psychological counseling has been recognized and accepted by more and more people, and more and more colleges and even high schools have begun to set up counseling institutions. Psychological counseling can guide students to alleviate inner contradictions and conflicts, and it is difficult to develop their physical and mental potential by resolving sad hearts. It can help students understand their rights, master their rights and adapt to the external environment effectively. In recent years, psychological counseling institutions have been continuously improved and the service forms are diverse. Quality education has become the most effective psychological method.
2. Investigate the freshmen's mental health, so as to find and prevent psychological problems as early as possible.
The premise of developing psychological quality education is students' cognitive state, which puts forward the plan and scheme of psychological quality education. Every year, our school conducts a mental health survey of freshmen, screens out students and psychological symptoms through a "mental health questionnaire", and actively invites them to the psychological counseling center for further analysis and diagnosis through interviews. About 65,438+00% freshmen were invited for an interview. According to the interview and analysis, different measures are taken to deal with different types of problems and differences in degree, so as to find psychological problems early and intervene in time, so that students can get specific school spirit and start health guidance.
3. Psychological quality education in subject teaching.
Through the implementation of quality education teaching subjects in psychological education schools, we must also implement the inevitable requirements of teaching subjects developed by ourselves. The subject teaching process contains extremely rich psychological education factors, because the teaching process is driven by the accumulation of social, historical and cultural knowledge, morality, values, concepts and contents. In the process of imparting knowledge, knowledge teachers pay attention to students' psychological needs, stimulate students' interest in learning and education, tap the deep connotation of human history, and form their own spiritual wealth, that is, students' entry into thought, life and good psychological quality and lasting roots lie in their values.
4. Offering compulsory courses of psychological education to improve self-education ability.
Improving psychological quality is inseparable from mastering corresponding knowledge. Systematic study of mental health and hygiene knowledge is helpful for students to understand the law of psychological development, master psychological adjustment methods and improve their self-education ability. The effect of psychological quality education depends largely on the initiative and enthusiasm of students' self-education, which is based on students' ability. Therefore, psychological quality education is to cultivate students' ability to pay attention to self-education
5. Strengthen the construction of campus culture and create a good social environment for the healthy psychological growth of college students.
Healthy growth is inseparable from the health of college students' social and psychological environment, and the psychological health of students and the quality of campus culture are inseparable from culture. School spirit is an important part of campus culture and an important condition that affects students' psychological development. Good school spirit will subtly optimize students' psychological quality. For example, a group of students with a spirit of unity will form a cohesive force of the soil and a sense of collective honor, which will help people maintain harmony and promote interpersonal relationships between students who exchange and help each other. Colorful campus cultural activities contribute to students' optimistic attitude towards life and healthy and happy emotional characteristics. Therefore, schools should devote their energy to the construction of campus culture, carry out various forms of cultural and sports activities and academic activities, and create a healthy and progressive atmosphere and a relaxed understanding environment, which will help students deepen their self-awareness, develop their personality in an all-round way and improve their adaptability.
Psychological quality education of college students is the basis of cultivating talents in 2 1 century.
The bell of 2 1 century has rung. At the turn of the century, the era of cultivating talents gives schools a higher historical responsibility. How to cultivate talents, the core is to strengthen the education and training of young students' basic quality and improve their comprehensive quality. 2/kloc-talents in the 20th century should have good moral quality, scientific and cultural quality, comprehensive and healthy physical and mental quality, which is the scientific connotation of sound personality. We should reflect on it. In the past, education often emphasized people's science, technology, culture and learning quality, but more neglected ideological and moral quality, especially psychological quality. Even today, when more attention is paid to ideological and political education, there is no such "mental health corner" that attracts enough attention, which leads to a large number of students' psychological problems, which seriously disrupts the normal life school teaching order, affects the overall quality of talents and hinders the realization of the goal of comprehensive higher education. Therefore, maintaining a healthy mentality is not only conducive to students' physical health, psychological development, cultivating good moral quality and perfect modeling, but also conducive to improving the overall quality of talents and fully realizing the goals of higher education until the smooth realization of modernization.
Excellent psychological quality plays an important role in improving the comprehensive quality of young students and will have a positive and far-reaching impact on the quality of talents in the 2 1 century. Mental health is the necessary condition and foundation for people's all-round development. It has become an urgent task for colleges and universities to strengthen the psychological education and training of college students and comprehensively improve the quality of cross-century talents. 2 1 century is a period of ideological and cultural agitation, multiple values, impact of news media and constant social change. In this century, in the face of such a complex world, people's psychological crisis may appear at some point in the future. In the 2 1 century, the psychological endurance of human beings will undergo a more severe test. Therefore, we must continue to strengthen the education and cultivation of young college students' adaptability, tolerance, supervision, willpower, thinking ability, creativity and self-confidence, so that they can truly understand that if they want to occupy the future, they must be psychologically prepared to overcome all difficulties and setbacks, and guide them to know themselves scientifically, update their concepts, break through time and space and surpass themselves. Only in this way can they fight.