The task of environmental sanitation

Environmental hygiene is a science that studies the relationship between environment and human health, aiming at protecting and promoting human health. It is two disciplines and main courses of preventive medicine. As an independent discipline, it has a complete theoretical system and specific research content. Therefore, in the teaching materials of environmental hygiene, we must adhere to the systematicness and integrity of the subject, comprehensively expound the basic theories and contents of environmental hygiene, highlight the key points, give consideration to the general, and constantly expand new theoretical knowledge and contents with the development and progress of society. Environmental sanitation is a practical work under the guidance of the theoretical knowledge system of environmental hygiene, and its purpose is to prevent environmental pollution, prevent diseases and improve people's health. Its content changes with social development and health service demand, so the focus of sanitation work has certain stages and timeliness, that is, the content of sanitation work in a certain period may only focus on one or several aspects of sanitation field. For example, in the early days of the People's Republic of China, China's environmental sanitation work focused on preventing biological pollution hazards, eliminating pests and diseases, protecting people's health, and changing urban and rural sanitation; Before the 1970s, the focus of environmental sanitation work was water supply sanitation, surface water sanitation protection and atmospheric sanitation. At this stage, the focus of work is the regular hygiene supervision of drinking water, indoor air pollution, hygiene in public places and hygiene management of daily chemicals. With the establishment and normal operation of disease prevention and control centers at all levels and corresponding health supervision institutions, the focus of environmental health work will also change. It can be seen that environmental sanitation and environmental sanitation work are interrelated and inseparable, but they are different. Environmental hygiene can enrich the content of environmental hygiene and is the concrete embodiment of environmental hygiene theory. Environmental sanitation originates from environmental sanitation practice, but it is higher than practice, which plays a guiding role in environmental sanitation practice. The national health and disease prevention system is being reformed to meet the requirements of social and economic development in China, improve the health level of people in China and build a well-off society in an all-round way. This also puts forward higher requirements, new tasks and hopes for environmental sanitation work and environmental sanitation. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and put rural work in a prominent position, which brought new opportunities to the development of rural environmental sanitation work. From 65438 to 0997, China municipal government put forward the policy of "focusing on rural areas, giving priority to prevention, …", which also pointed out the direction for future environmental sanitation work. China's reform and opening-up policy has fundamentally changed the appearance of rural environmental sanitation, and the quality of environmental sanitation has been significantly improved. However, due to the rise of a large number of township enterprises, the transfer of urban polluting enterprises, the pollution caused by the indiscriminate application of pesticides and fertilizers, and the lack of reasonable overall planning for village and town construction, many new problems have been brought to rural environmental sanitation. Therefore, strengthening rural environmental sanitation is an important task for sanitation workers in China.

1。 Strive to improve the sanitary conditions of drinking water in rural areas

China has a vast territory, the social and economic development in rural areas is very uneven, and the drinking water situation is also very different. According to the statistics of Ministry of Health 200 1, there are 69,465,438 rural waterworks (stations) in China, and the population drinking tap water accounts for 55% of the rural population. 1%, and most of them do not fully meet the requirements of sanitary standards for drinking water, but in underdeveloped areas, rural water supply is mainly decentralized. Farmers' drinking water is facing the "triple" pollution threat of biology, biogeochemistry and environmental chemistry. As far as the whole country is concerned, the outstanding problem of rural drinking water is still the harm of biological pollution. Therefore, strengthening the sanitary protection and disinfection of rural drinking water sources and preventing the outbreak of intestinal water-borne infectious diseases are the primary tasks of rural environmental sanitation work at present. Secondly, as of 200 1, there are still 25.97 million people in China who have difficulty drinking water, and about 60 million people drink high-fluorine water. Rural residents in some areas should actively take measures to provide high-quality water sources, improve water to reduce fluoride and arsenic, and reduce the harm of geochemical factors such as fluoride and arsenic to health.

2。 Strengthen the technical work of improving toilets and garbage disposal.

In many rural areas, toilet facilities are simple and can not meet the requirements of harmless feces. Some of them have no fecal collection and treatment device at all, which leads to a large number of flies, which is an important reason for the occurrence of intestinal infectious diseases in rural areas. In addition, due to the extensive use of various chemical fertilizers, farmers do not pay attention to the use of organic fertilizers, which leads to the failure to clean up fecal waste in time, which is also an important reason for serious biological pollution in rural areas. Therefore, it is an important task of rural environmental sanitation to vigorously carry out publicity and education, improve farmers' health awareness, popularize health knowledge, give on-site guidance on the harmless treatment of feces, actively promote new sanitary toilets and change the appearance of rural environmental sanitation.

3。 Combining environmental sanitation with village planning and construction.

With the acceleration of rural economic construction and the improvement of farmers' living standards, village construction has developed rapidly. Sanitation workers at all levels should take the initiative to participate in the planning and construction of villages and towns, make overall arrangements for the construction of villages and towns, make rational layout and implement functional zoning. In particular, we should give full consideration to the environmental pollution caused by toxic and harmful township enterprises, the choice of drinking water sources, the stacking and treatment of rural domestic garbage, the collection and treatment of domestic sewage, and put forward reasonable suggestions and specific measures in time.

4。 Improve the rural environmental sanitation laws and regulations system.

Strengthening the supervision and management of environmental sanitation In addition to conscientiously implementing the existing laws and regulations on environmental protection and environmental sanitation, the state should formulate and improve the regulatory system of environmental sanitation supervision and management suitable for rural conditions as soon as possible, and all rural areas should set up full-time health supervision and management teams. Local government departments should establish the concept of sustainable development, overcome local protectionism, resolutely ban enterprises with serious pollution, and prohibit urban enterprises from transferring pollution to rural areas. Local township enterprises should also implement cleaner production technology, carry out source prevention and try to avoid end treatment. With the development and progress of society, especially the mission of preventive medicine given by 2 1 century and the deepening of the current national health system reform, new tasks and requirements have been put forward for environmental health work and environmental health. Personnel at all levels engaged in environmental sanitation work and research should constantly learn new knowledge, know new things, adapt to the needs of social development, carry out new work contents and protect people's health. For example, with the acceleration of modernization, sanitation workers should attach great importance to the pollution and health hazards caused by computers, photocopiers, air conditioners, mobile communication equipment, microwave heating furnaces, drinking water purifiers and other equipment. In unproductive rooms (offices) and decorated and enclosed environments. The popularity of household appliances, the indoor air pollution hazards caused by residents' room decoration, and the environmental health problems caused by public health emergencies and serious natural disasters all need to be taken seriously by environmental health workers and strive to protect people's health. In addition, with the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, tourism has become a new tertiary industry and a new economic growth point in many areas. How to maintain the physical and mental health of tourists in the process of tourism and provide them with a safe, comfortable and clean tourism environment will become a new topic of environmental health work. In short, environmental health workers at all levels must adapt to the new situation of current social development, study hard, blaze new trails, and create a new situation in environmental health work with a high sense of responsibility and dedication.