What disease needs bone marrow transplantation?

Bone marrow transplantation is a medical method to transplant healthy bone marrow into patients, so that hematopoietic stem cells can grow and reproduce in the bone marrow cavity of patients, thus replacing abnormal bone marrow of patients. Bone marrow transplantation is suitable for the treatment of various diseases caused by abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. It began to rise in 1950s and developed rapidly after 1970s.

According to the different sources of bone marrow, bone marrow transplantation can be divided into three types: allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Homologous bone marrow transplantation means that the histocompatibility antigens of donors and recipients are basically the same, and only the bone marrow of identical twins is such bone marrow, so the source of this bone marrow is very rare; Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation means that the donor and recipient belong to the same race. Although their genes are not exactly the same, their major histocompatibility antigens are the same. Autologous bone marrow transplantation refers to extracting bone marrow from the patient and then returning it to the patient. This kind of bone marrow transplantation is generally suitable for tumor patients whose bone marrow has not been invaded by malignant cells.

Diseases suitable for bone marrow transplantation include: ① hematopoietic diseases (such as aplastic anemia, congenital bone marrow dysplasia, severe thrombocytopenia or agranulocytosis, etc.). ); ② Acute or chronic leukemia; ③ Tumors (malignant tumors that are sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and then undergo bone marrow transplantation); ④ Acute radiation sickness; ⑤ Immunodeficiency disease, etc.