1. Process reform and production equipment innovation are the main ways to eliminate dust hazards. 2. Wet operation: timely wet grinding of refractories, wet drilling in mines, underground transportation and water spraying. 3. Sealed ventilation and dust removal: For places where wet operation cannot be carried out, sealed ventilation and dust removal should be adopted to prevent dust from flying. 4. Health examination of workers exposed to dust: including pre-job and regular health examination, and dust removal inspection should also be done when leaving dust. 5. Personal jealousy prevention: Wear dust-proof protective gear, such as dust-proof helmet, air supply helmet, air supply mask, etc.
Pneumoconiosis complications
Long-term exposure of pneumoconiosis patients to productive dust damages the defense function of respiratory system, obviously reduces the resistance of patients, and often causes many different complications. 1, respiratory tract infection is mainly pulmonary infection, which is a common complication of pneumoconiosis patients. 2. Spontaneous pneumothorax is rare. For lung tissue and visceral pleura rupture, air enters human pleura to form pneumothorax, which can be divided into three types: closed pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax and communicating pneumothorax. 3. Workers exposed to tuberculosis dust, especially those exposed to silica dust, are more susceptible to tuberculosis than the general population. 4. Lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma are mainly found in workers exposed to asbestos and patients with asbestosis. 5. Chronic pulmonary heart disease is found in some advanced patients. This is because chronic bronchitis narrows the airway, increases ventilation resistance, produces obstructive pulmonary disease, and increases pulmonary artery pressure, leading to chronic pulmonary heart disease. 6. Respiratory failure, upper respiratory tract and lung infection, pneumothorax and other inducements are the main causes of decompensated respiratory failure, and the abuse of sedative and hypnotic drugs is also one of the causes of respiratory failure in pneumoconiosis patients.
Which industries and jobs are prone to pneumoconiosis?
1. Mining: The mining of various metal mines, coal mines and other metal mines is the main working environment of pneumoconiosis, and the main types of work are drilling, blasting, support and transportation; 2. Crushing, screening and transportation of ore in metal smelting; 3. Sand mixing modeling, sand cleaning, sand blasting and electric welding of castings in mechanism manufacturing; 4. Building materials industry, such as mining, crushing, grinding, screening and mixing in the production of refractory, glass, cement and stone; Mining, transportation and textile of asbestos; 5. Excavation and blasting in highway, railway and water conservancy construction.
How to prevent pneumoconiosis
Lung disease is the most serious occupational disease that harms health, with a high incidence rate and brings pain to patients. The most effective way to prevent pneumoconiosis is to prevent dust. The occurrence of pneumoconiosis can be basically prevented by taking comprehensive measures to reduce the dust concentration in the workplace air below the national health standard. China has summed up a set of good experiences in dust prevention, which can be summarized into eight words, namely: publicity, innovation, water, sealing, ventilation, protection, management and inspection.
"Publicity" refers to publicity and education to understand the health hazards of dust and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.
"Leather" refers to the technical innovation of production technology and equipment, so that production can be mechanized, continuous, streamlined, sealed and automated, and the operation can be separated from dust-producing equipment as much as possible.
"Water" refers to wet operation, and spraying drinks to prevent dust from flying is a simple, economical and effective dust-proof method. If terrazzo is used instead of dry grinding, the foundry industry can water the site before unpacking and sand cleaning to keep it moist.
"Dense" means sealing the productive dust and then pumping it away by ventilation.
"Wind" refers to ventilation and dust removal, but the dusty air in the ventilation system can only be discharged into the atmosphere after dust removal to avoid environmental pollution.
"Protection" refers to personal protection. Workers exposed to dust should use protective equipment and wear dust masks or helmets to prevent dust from entering the human respiratory tract.
"Management" refers to strengthening dust prevention management, establishing and perfecting dust prevention system, and updating and maintaining dust prevention equipment in time.
"Inspection" refers to the physical examination of workers exposed to dust within the specified time, monitoring the concentration of dust in the environment and urging improvement.