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This test paper has 8 pages, 6 big questions and 29 small questions. 100. The examination time is 90 minutes.
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A, multiple-choice questions (this topic *** 15 small questions, each 2 points, ***30 points)
Note: Only 1 option per question meets the meaning of the question. Please fill in the code of the selected answer in brackets.
1. Crucian carp is a common freshwater fish. The following does not belong to the characteristics of crucian carp suitable for life in water is ()
A. breathe through the gills. The body is spindle-shaped.
C. Coordinated swimming with fins D. Feeding on organic debris
2. Mushrooms often appear in forests, but they are not plants because ().
A. there is no cell wall in mushroom cells. Mushroom cells have no nuclei.
C. There is no cell membrane in mushroom cells. D. There is no chloroplast in mushroom cells.
3. In the following arthropods, insects belong to ()
A. spiders, bees, centipedes and scorpions
The discovery and use of penicillin have saved countless lives. The first scientist to discover penicillin was ()
A. Fleming Pasteur Linnaeus Schleiden
5. Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, discovered the male sterile plants in wild rice, which is the key to successfully cultivate high-yield hybrid rice. This is the use of biodiversity ()
A.b. Genetic diversity
C.d. Diversity of ecological environment
6. Among the biological phenomena described below, () belongs to social behavior.
A. Groups of ants form a "ball" to cross the river.
B. chimpanzees catch termites for food from caves.
C. Groups of hens in the chicken farm are cackling.
D. squid releases ink when threatened.
7. After completing the experiment of "Exploring the function of fins in swimming", Xiao Ming was surprised to find that () is the main factor that determines the direction of fish movement and generates forward momentum.
A. pectoral fin B. ventral fin C. dorsal fin D. caudal fin
In winter, frogs living in the north hibernate, but wolves don't need to hibernate. The reason is ()
A. Frogs are small and have poor cold resistance.
B. wolves are big and have strong cold resistance.
C. Frogs are warm-blooded animals and wolves are warm-blooded animals.
D. wolves are good at running and their body temperature rises rapidly.
9. As the saying goes, "People have words and animals have animal language." What kind of "language" do ants communicate with? ( )
A. Dance B. Smell C. Sound D. Expression
10. Lactic acid bacteria, paramecium, earthworm and moss were cultured in a dark closed system with rich nutrition, sufficient water and suitable temperature, and the longest survival time was ().
A. lactobacillus b paramecium c earthworm d moss
1 1. Xiaoming plays the piano very well, and the teacher praised him for his musical talent. Xiaoming's behavior of playing the piano is ()
A. Innate behavior B. Learning behavior C. Social behavior D. Instinctive behavior
12. In biological classification, people belong to mammals. The main basis is ()
A.people breathe with their lungs. B. people have the characteristics of viviparous and lactation.
C. People's body temperature is constant D. People can walk upright.
13. Wild plants living in the mountains grow well without artificial fertilization, mainly because their roots can absorb rich inorganic salts from the soil. Inorganic salts in soil mainly come from ()
A.b. Plant loss inherent in soil
C.d. Bacteria and fungi contained in rainwater are produced by the decomposition of animal and plant debris.
14. According to the "echolocation" principle of bats, scientists invented radar. Which of the following inventions is not based on the principle of bionics ()
A. movable type printing B. submarine C. airplane D. electroluminescence
15. Among the following animals, the one with the strongest learning ability is ()
A. turtle b locust c dolphin d coral
Fill in the blanks (this question is ***4 small questions, each space 1 point, * * *1point)
16. If you look carefully, you will find that the fish's mouth and the back edge of the gill cover always open and close alternately, which is actually that the fish is breathing, so the oxygen content of the water flowing out through the gill is lower than that flowing in through the mouth.
The carbon dioxide content has increased.
17. In hot summer, washed and dried shoes generally don't grow mildew, and dirty shoes are easy to grow mildew. In addition, vacuum-packed food can also be preserved for a long time. It can be inferred that the conditions for the growth and reproduction of bacteria and fungi are organic matter,
Water, suitable temperature and air, etc.
18. From the movement of "eliminating sparrows" in 1950s and 1960s to experts' call for the protection of sparrows, it shows that people have realized the important role of any kind of wild animals in maintaining ecological balance and promoting the material circulation of ecosystems.
19. At present, the commonly used hierarchical units of biological classification are: boundary, phyla, class, order, family, genus and species.
Third, the supporting questions (this is entitled ***2 small questions, *** 10)
20.(5 points) Please associate the aquatic animals listed on the left with their categories.
Jellyfish coelenterate
Octopus mollusk
Seal mammal
Shrimp crustaceans
crucian
2 1.(5 points) Please associate the animals listed on the left with their movements.
Swimming with fish
Nereis peristalsis
Kangaroo jumping
Pigeons walk and fly
The cheetah is walking and running.
4. Look at the picture and answer the questions (this is entitled ***3 small questions, ***23 points)
22.(8 points) Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of bacteria. Please look at the picture carefully and answer.
(1) Bacteria are also cells. Compared with fungal cells, there is no nucleus formed in the structure of bacteria. Compared with plant cells, they all have [2] cell wall, [3] cell membrane and [4] cytoplasm, but there is no chloroplast, so most bacteria are heterotrophic.
(2) In figure 1, [1] is a capsule, which has a certain protective effect on bacteria; It is flagella that enables bacteria to swim in the water.
⑶ Most bacteria belong to decomposers in the ecosystem and participate in the material cycle of nature. Bacteria are also beneficial to human beings. For example: use yeast when making steamed bread.
23.(7 points) Extracting all kinds of "information" from graphs and data is very important for learning, thinking, analyzing and solving problems. Fig. 2 is a pattern diagram of elbow extension, from which it can be seen that:
(1) Skeletal muscle consists of two parts:
[1] is tendon, [2] is muscular abdomen.
(2) The connections between bones shown in Figure 2 are all joints. It is mainly composed of articular head, articular fossa, articular cartilage, articular cavity and articular capsule.
⑶ When the elbow is extended, the biceps brachii and biceps brachii are in a relaxed state.
[3] The triceps brachii is in contraction. It can be seen that any movement is not completed independently by a skeletal muscle, but by multiple groups of muscle groups under the control of the nervous system, cooperating with each other and completing together.
24.(8 points) Figure 3 is a picture of several plants. Please look at the picture carefully and answer.
Clivia, pumpkin, ginkgo
Kidney fern, rape and kelp
(1) Biologists classify organisms according to their morphological and structural characteristics. Please try to be a "little biologist" and divide the six plants in Figure 3 into two groups. What are they? What plants are there in each group? Then classify the plants in each group. What kinds can they be divided into? What plants are there in each category? (Can be expressed in tables or words)
They are seed plants and spore plants respectively.
Seed plants: Clivia, Ginkgo biloba, rape.
Spore plants: pumpkin, Dryopteris nephrolepis.
Seed plants are divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms, and spore plants are divided into algae, bryophytes and ferns.
Gymnosperms: Ginkgo biloba; Angiosperms: Clivia, rape
Algae: kelp; Bryophytes: Cucurbita; Pteridophyte: nephropteris
(* You can also imitate what the teacher said in the textbook and do it in the form of tabular solution)
⑵ Please arrange the six plants in Figure 3 in order from simple to complex.
Kelp, cucurbitaceae, fern, ginkgo, rape, clivia.
(3) The rare plant in Figure 3 is Ginkgo biloba.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) analysis and explanation question (this question is entitled ***4 small questions, ***20 points)
25.(7 points) On a Wednesday in the summer vacation, Xiao Ming, who just entered the third grade of elementary school, bought peaches, pears and other fruits that his parents loved, washed them and put them in clean plastic bags, and put them in the kitchen cupboard to eat when he was playing with his parents in Shanghai on weekends. Unexpectedly, he took them out at the weekend and found that many fruits were rotten and smelled of wine. Please analyze and answer:
(1) Would you please use your biological knowledge to help Xiao Ming analyze the causes of fruit decay?
Yeast decomposes organic matter in fruits to produce alcohol (as well as carbon dioxide and water).
(2) In Figure 4, the microorganism that can make wine smell rotten fruit is (c).
(3) The main reason why rotten fruit often smells of alcohol is (D)
A. Fruit contains alcohol, which flows out after rotting.
Someone accidentally spilled alcohol on the fruit.
C. bacteria eat fruits and turn into alcohol after death.
D, fermenting the fruit with yeast, and converting the components in the fruit into alcohol.
(4) If Xiao Ming wants the fruit not to rot for a long time, the better way is (b).
A. put it in the refrigerator B. wrap it in plastic wrap and put it in the refrigerator.
C. Put it on the dining table D. Wrap it in plastic wrap and put it on the dining table.
Please introduce two common methods of food preservation for Xiaoming: refrigeration and vacuum packaging.
26.(5 points) A child in the square looked up at the pigeons flying in the sky and asked his mother enviously, "Mom, why can pigeons fly and I can't?" Mother said, "Pigeons have wings!" " ""So if I have wings, can I fly? ""of course! "
Do you think mom's answer is scientific? Please provide a justification for the answer.
No, there are many reasons why birds can fly in the air, such as: light weight, short rectum, airbag, large appetite, strong digestion and so on. But people don't have these conditions.
27.(5 points) Earthworms are good friends of human beings. It can not only loosen soil and increase soil organic matter, but also reduce environmental pollution to some extent because it can feed on plant litter, livestock manure and domestic garbage. At the same time, earthworms can also be used as feed for aquaculture and good Chinese herbal medicine.
Please analyze and answer:
(1) If you are asked to dig earthworms, the environment you should choose is ().
A. Clear rivers B. Humid soil rich in humus
C. Wet soil D. Dry and loose soil
⑵ The main basis for distinguishing the front end and back end of earthworm is earthworm's ()
A, body part b, link c, ring d, bristles
(3) In the process of observing earthworms, always wipe the surface of earthworms with soaked cotton balls to keep the surface moist. The reason is:
Because earthworms rely on wet body walls to breathe.
(4) Earthworms belong to () in the ecosystem.
A. producer B. consumer C. decomposer D. all three
5] After the experiment is completed, the earthworm should be released into nature.
28.(3 points) White-headed langur is a rare animal endemic to China (Figure 5). Professor Pan from the School of Life Sciences of Beijing Normal University conducted a systematic scientific study on the white-headed langur for the first time. He found that there were only about 700 white-headed langurs left in the wild due to the double blow of habitat reduction and poachers. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out protection actions.
Please analyze and answer:
⑴ In view of the reasons for the decrease in the number of white-headed langurs, the following protective measures should be taken: to carry out publicity and education on biodiversity protection here; Local farmers are forbidden to cut down trees in the mountains; Establish a nature reserve here and so on.
. (Only two answers)
(2) Besides the white-headed langur, what other rare animals are unique to China?
(Answer at least three)
Golden monkey, Chinese alligator, Tibetan antelope and so on.
Six, explore the experimental questions (7 points)
29. Please read the following and analyze the answers:
According to Xinhua News Agency, insects can also eat and digest plastics. This discovery by Chen Zhongguang, a senior three student in No.8 Middle School in Xi City, won prizes in provinces, cities and the whole country as a scientific and technological achievement.
Tenebrio molitor is fed to birds in Chen Zhongguang. She was surprised to find that there were tiny bite marks on the foam in the box where Tenebrio molitor was put. Does Tenebrio molitor eat plastic? With the support of his father, who is a biology teacher, Chen Zhongguang divided Tenebrio molitor into control group and experimental group. The control group was fed with wheat bran and vegetable leaves, while the experimental group was gradually fed with foamed plastic lunch boxes. She found that the insects were really eating plastic lunch boxes, and it was proved by weighing that the insects were gaining weight. After more than a year of experiments, she came to the conclusion that Tenebrio molitor can eat organic plastics and digest and absorb them.
(1) The question raised by Chen Zhongguang through observation is: Does Tenebrio molitor also eat plastic?
⑵ Please find out the sentences about experimental design in the text and underline them.
(See the underlined part of the text for the answer. )
(3) Using the experimental results of Chen Zhongguang, please make reasonable suggestions to the environmental protection department.
It is suggested that the environmental protection department make full use of Tenebrio molitor to treat plastic waste.
(4) Some students asked: Is it an innate behavior for Tenebrio molitor to eat plastic? To solve this problem, please design an experimental scheme briefly.
Make a plan:
① Take 10 Tenebrio molitor eggs and feed them in isolation until the eggs hatch into larvae.
② Put five Tenebrio molitor on a small piece of plastic-coated filter paper, and the other five on a blank filter paper without plastic.