How many people does Doraemon refer to?

Of course, it refers to the same person, that is, the protagonist Nobita/Camfrog/Bi Ye. These three names are just different translations of Japanese "Mrs. Bi Yetai".

The following is Japanese Wikipedia's explanation of the origin of Nobita's name:

のびののぃては, father? のびが, すこやかにきく, どこまでもの.

The name "のびびび" was once said by his father "のびび": I hope he can grow up healthily and make continuous progress at any time. With this implication, I named him "のびび".

The above sentence appeared in the original comic book and was said by Daxiong's father when Daxiong was born. In Japanese, the verb "Nobiru" means "growth and progress", and Nobiru is Nobiru. The original Japanese name is "Nobita", which not only shows Nobita's father's desire to keep forging ahead, but also the pronunciation of "のび" in the name is the same as that of "Nobita", which is an interesting and clever name.

But translated into Chinese, you will definitely lose these ingenious details. If it is literal translation in Japanese, it should be translated into "Daxiong Daxiong" or "Daxiong Daxiong". However, when translating, China's translators added China characteristics, Hong Kong and Taiwan translated it as "Daxiong Daxiong" and the mainland translated it as "Daxiong Anfu", all of which took the meaning of "I hope he can grow up healthily", which was equivalent to giving him two Chinese names with original meanings.

Therefore, "Kangfu" and "Daxiong" are two different translations of his name "Daxiong", and "Bi Ye" can be understood as his surname "Bi Ye" or "Daxiong" from his name, because both of them are pronounced as Daxiong.