It refers to the direct or indirect adverse effects on health due to a person's bad behavior and lifestyle. Such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, colon cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, mental illness and suicide are all related to behavior and lifestyle.
(1) behavioral factors
Behavior is an important factor affecting health, and almost all factors affecting health are related to behavior. For example, smoking is closely related to lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. Bad behaviors such as alcoholism, drug abuse and extramarital sex also seriously endanger human health.
(2) Lifestyle
Due to lifestyle and bad behavior, chronic non-communicable diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS have increased rapidly. In recent years, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular disease have accounted for 6 1% of the total causes of death in China.
According to the American survey, as long as the behavioral risk factors such as unreasonable diet, lack of physical exercise, smoking, alcoholism and drug abuse are effectively controlled, premature death can be reduced by 40% ~ 70%, acute disability can be reduced by 1/3, and chronic disability can be reduced by 2/3.
2. Environmental factors emphasize the unity of human body, natural environment and social environment, and the indivisibility of health, environment and human development.
(1) natural environment
Maintaining the harmony between the natural environment and human beings is of great significance to maintaining and promoting health. If the harmony between man and nature is destroyed, human society will be retaliated by nature.
(2) Social environment
Including social system, law, economy, culture, education, population, nationality, occupation and so on. Social system determines health-related policies, laws and regulations.
3. Inheritance of biological factors-According to the survey, the total incidence of birth defects in China is 13.7%, of which 2 million are severely mentally retarded every year. Heredity is also related to the occurrence of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and tumor.
4. Health services
Refers to improving social health and medical facilities and systems.
Among the four factors that affect health, environmental factors play an important role, followed by lifestyle and health services. Although genetic factors have little influence, once genetic diseases occur, they are irreversible. These four factors are interdependent.