Help the human body absorb iron;
It is often recommended as a substance to prevent sudden infant death (SIDS);
Smokers and the elderly need more vitamin C. A cigarette can destroy 25 ~ 100 mg of vitamin C.
efficiency
Treating injuries, burns and bleeding gums;
Enhance the efficacy of drugs used to treat urinary tract infections;
Accelerate postoperative recovery;
Help lower cholesterol in the blood;
Prevent virus and bacterial infections and enhance the function of immune system;
Has anticancer effect;
Helps prevent the formation of nitrosamines (carcinogens);
Can be used as a natural laxative;
Reduce the occurrence of venous thrombosis;
Can be used for treating common cold and has preventive effect;
Protein cells can be firmly aggregated with each other, thus prolonging life;
Increase the absorption of inorganic iron;
Can weaken the effect of many substances that can cause allergies;
Prevent scurvy.
Adults can avoid scurvy by taking 10mg every day, but these values do not keep it in the body. If you want to supplement the amount of metabolic decomposition, you need to supply 60mg a day to meet it. Baby 30mg, children 40-50 mg, teenagers 60mg, pregnant women 80mg, wet nurse 100mg.
Too much
The disease resistance of white blood cells is obviously reduced.
Taking too much vitamin C may lead to the formation of oxalic acid and uric acid stones (which can be adjusted by taking calcium, vitamin B6 and drinking enough water every day). Excessive intake will cause some uncomfortable side effects, such as diarrhea, polyuria, rash and so on. When you have the above symptoms, you must reduce the amount.
Cancer patients who are receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy should not take vitamin C.
deficiency disease
Because the human body lacks the necessary gulonolactone oxidase, it cannot convert glucose into vitamin C, so it must be obtained from the diet. If the vitamin C obtained from the diet cannot meet the needs, it will lead to vitamin C deficiency or deficiency. Vitamin C deficiency is called scurvy.
The early symptoms of scurvy are burnout, fatigue, impatience, shortness of breath, gum pain and bleeding, poor wound healing, transient joint muscle pain and easy fracture. Typical symptoms are gingival swelling and bleeding, gingival ulcer, tooth loosening and increased capillary fragility. Severe cases can lead to subcutaneous, muscle and joint bleeding and hematoma formation. Risk of anemia, decreased muscle fiber (including myocardium), heart failure, severe internal bleeding and sudden death.
Children, especially infants aged 5-24 months, should pay attention to scurvy caused by foods lacking vitamin C.
vitamin c deficiency
Scurvy is caused by vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency, and its clinical features are bleeding and bone lesions. There are a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables in our country's ordinary diet, and babies are breast-fed (the content of vitamin C in breast milk is about 227.2 ~ 397.5 μ mol/L), most of which can maintain the physiological requirement of vitamin C. Therefore, this disease is rare. After a few months of vitamin C deficiency, patients feel tired, weak, depressed, weak, anorexia, malnutrition, pale face, swollen gums, bleeding, tooth loosening and falling off due to gum and alveolar necrosis, muscle pain in bones and joints, skin petechiae, ecchymosis, hyperkeratosis of hair follicles and peripheral bleeding. Children may have pseudoparalysis, swelling and obvious tenderness of lower limbs due to subperiosteal bleeding. 1, choose foods rich in vitamin C, improve cooking methods and reduce the loss of vitamin C in cooking. Children who are artificially fed should add foods containing vitamin C or vitamin C. Patients with diseases, before and after operation, smokers, oral contraceptives and polar workers should increase the intake of vitamin C appropriately. 2, mild patients daily vitamin 200 ~ 300 mg, severe 300 ~ 500 mg, when the infection dose increases, take it three times before or after meals. If the patient cannot take orally or has gastrointestinal malabsorption, intramuscular injection or intravenous injection can be given once a day, and the general course of treatment is about 3 weeks. When the symptoms are obviously improved, it is reduced to 50 ~ 100 mg, taken orally three times a day. 3. Keep your mouth clean, prevent or treat secondary infection, relieve pain and other symptomatic treatments. Patients with severe anemia can receive blood transfusion to supplement iron. In severe cases, there is no need for surgical treatment if there is a huge subperiosteal hematoma or fracture. After vitamin C treatment, the hematoma can gradually disappear and the fracture can heal itself, but it often takes more than 65,438+0 months. If there is bone dislocation, the recovery is slow. The synthesis of hydroxyproline in collagen molecules of vitamin C deficiency purpura needs vitamin C, so vitamin C deficiency affects the synthesis of collagen, which reduces the toughness of blood vessel wall and surrounding connective tissue, increases the brittleness of capillaries and causes bleeding. It is characterized by skin bleeding around hair follicles, muscle bleeding, gingival swelling and hyperkeratosis. Vitamin c treatment is effective.
Foods rich in vitamin c
The main food sources are vegetables and fruits, such as vegetables, leeks, boiled vegetables, spinach, sweet peppers and other dark vegetables and cauliflower, as well as citrus, red fruits, grapefruit and other fruits, all of which contain high vitamin C, especially wild amaranth, alfalfa, Rosa roxburghii, Hippophae rhamnoides, kiwi fruit and jujube.
Nutritional supplements
Vitamin C is one of the most popular and widely used vitamins.
There are tablets, long-acting tablets, syrups, powders, chewable tablets and other different preparations.
Pure vitamin C is glucose from corn.
The difference between natural vitamin C and synthetic vitamin C depends on everyone's digestive ability.
The best vitamin C preparation is a vitamin P- vitamin C complex containing bioflavonoids, hesperidin and rutin.
Vitamin C extracted from rose hips contains bioflavonoids (vitamin P) and enzymes that help to absorb vitamin C. This is the vitamin C with the highest nutritional value.
Vitamin A(Vit A), also known as retinol, actually includes all kinds of substances with retinol biological activity, namely Vit A 1 and Vit A2 from animal foods, β -carotene and other carotenoids from plant foods. Vitamin A is mainly involved in the structure and function of internal membrane. Therefore, it is related to normal growth and development, reproduction, vision and anti-infection. There are two main kinds of vitamin A obtained by human body from food. First, provitamin A, that is, various carotenoids, exists in plant foods, such as green leafy vegetables, yellow vegetables and fruits. First, vitamin A in animal foods mostly exists in animal livers, milk and dairy products (non-defatted) and eggs in the form of esters.
Vitamin D(Vit D) is a kind of compounds with biological activity of cholecalciferol, which can be converted into vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 by ultraviolet activation from vitamin D precursor, 7- dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol. Vitamin D is transformed into the active forms of 25-(OH)D3 and 1, 25-(OH)2D3 in the liver and kidney in vivo, and transported to the intestine, bones and kidneys, and works together with parathyroid hormone * * * to maintain the blood calcium level.
Thiamine, also known as vitamin B 1, anti-neuritis factor, anti-beriberi factor. Participate in the metabolism of sugar and branched-chain amino acids in the body. Vitamin B 1 can regulate neurophysiological activities, which is related to heart activity, maintaining appetite, normal gastrointestinal peristalsis and digestive juice secretion. Vitamin B 1 deficiency is often caused by insufficient intake, increased demand and obstacles in absorption and utilization. It can also lead to liver damage and alcoholism. Long-term renal dialysis, total parenteral nutrition and long-term chronic fever can all occur. Serious deficiency can cause beriberi, which can be divided into dry beriberi, wet beriberi and infant beriberi. No toxic reaction was found when a large amount of vitamin B 1 was ingested.
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is an indispensable auxiliary group of various oxidase systems in the body. FMN and FAD (vitamin B2 is a component of FMN and FAD) are yellow enzyme auxiliary groups. Its function is electron transfer, which plays a controlling role in the respiratory chain reaction of cell metabolism and directly participates in redox reaction. It can also activate vitamin B6 and participate in the process of converting tryptophan into nicotinic acid. In addition, it is also related to the absorption, storage and mobilization of iron in the body, and also catalyzes the N- oxidation of various imines.
vitamin deficiency
Vitamins are a large class of substances with different chemical structures and physiological functions, which must be supplied through diet every day. When the supply is insufficient, it is easy to be insufficient. Vitamin deficiency is a gradual process in the body. At first, the reserve decreases, then it involves biochemical metabolism abnormalities, physiological function changes, and then histopathological changes, resulting in clinical symptoms and signs. Although vitamin deficiency is rare in China, subclinical deficiency is more common in some areas and some people. Because subclinical deficiency is not easy to find, but it has adverse effects on health, it needs special attention.
Vitamin C deficiency: Long-term lack of vitamin C in the diet will hinder the synthesis of collagen in the body and lead to scurvy. The early symptoms are burnout, followed by gum pain and bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding and slow wound healing. In severe cases, the teeth are loose, the gums are atrophied, the teeth fall off, and some mucous membranes bleed, which may cause symptoms such as nosebleeds and bloody stools. Children may have subperiosteal bleeding.
Thiamine deficiency: due to long-term insufficient intake, increased demand or obstacles in absorption and utilization. The nature and degree of its symptoms are related to the degree of deficiency, acute and chronic. Generally divided into the following categories: dry beriberi: with the symptoms of polyneuritis as the main symptom, there is ascending peripheral neuritis, which is characterized by numbness of fingers and toes, muscle pain and tenderness, especially gastrocnemius.
Wet beriberi: edema and heart symptoms are the main symptoms. If not treated in time, it will often lead to heart failure.
Infantile beriberi: Infants who mostly occur in February-May have a sudden onset and are in a hurry. Early loss of appetite, vomiting, excitement, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath and difficulty. Cyanosis, edema, enlargement of the heart, heart failure and tonic spasm occur in the late stage, and they often die within 1-2 days after symptoms appear.
Riboflavin deficiency: mainly manifested as inflammation of eyes, mouth and skin. Eyes: conjunctival congestion, pericorneal vascular hyperplasia, and sometimes edema at the junction of cornea and conjunctiva.
Oral cavity: the mouth is wet and white, with cracks, pain and ulcers; Lip swelling, cracks, ulcers and pigmentation; Tongue pain, swelling, erythema and atrophy of tongue nipple.
Skin: seborrheic dermatitis. Common in sebum-rich parts.
Anemia: Vitamin B2 deficiency often interferes with the absorption, storage and mobilization of iron in the body, leading to the decrease of iron content, and even iron deficiency anemia in severe cases.
Others: Vitamin B2 deficiency also affects growth and development; Insufficient pregnancy can lead to fetal skeletal malformation.
Nicotinic acid deficiency: Nicotinic acid deficiency is a boil. Early symptoms are fatigue, fatigue, decreased working ability, poor memory and frequent insomnia. Typical symptoms are dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia, the so-called "three D" symptoms.
Vitamin A deficiency: When dietary vitamin A or provitamin A is insufficient, or absorption, storage and utilization are affected, vitamin A deficiency can often be caused. The manifestations are: decreased dark adaptation, night blindness and dry eye; Mucosal epithelial changes; Growth and development are blocked; Others: taste and smell are weakened, and appetite is reduced.
Vitamin D deficiency: lack of vitamin D in diet or insufficient sunlight are the two main reasons for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency leads to decreased absorption of calcium and phosphorus, decreased blood calcium level, bone inorganic obstruction, osteomalacia, infantile rickets and adult osteomalacia.
Vitamin e deficiency: vitamin e deficiency rarely occurs in humans, which may be due to the following reasons: vitamin e is widely found in food; Vitamin E is stored in almost all organs and tissues of human body. Vitamin e can be stored in the body for a long time.
Dietary sources of vitamins:
vitamin A
Green leafy vegetables, yellow vegetables, fruits, livers, milk and dairy products.
VD
Marine fish, liver, egg yolk, cream.
vitamin E
Oilseeds and vegetable oils
Vit B 1
Animal viscera, meat, beans, peanuts
Victor B2
Liver, kidney, heart, milk and eggs
Victor B6
Beans, meat, liver, fish