Respiratory infectious diseases are spread by droplets. In winter and spring, the temperature changes are sometimes low, people are engaged in indoor activities and close contact, shopping, visiting relatives and friends and traveling abroad increase around the Spring Festival, which increases the spread opportunities of respiratory infectious diseases.
Second, the resistance of respiratory mucosa is reduced.
Respiratory mucosa is a layer of tissue covering the respiratory tract. Cold air and dry air are inhaled into the respiratory tract, which stimulates the respiratory mucosa and causes vasoconstriction, ischemia and nutritional disorders. Poor indoor ventilation and smoke inhalation (including passive smoking) can also stimulate the respiratory mucosa, weaken the ciliary movement of mucosal epithelium, and reduce the purification and defense functions. So that pathogenic microorganisms can easily invade the respiratory tract and cause diseases.
Third, the respiratory mucosa is fragile and the non-specific immunity is reduced.
There are more people and times of respiratory tract infection in winter and spring, which is easy to damage the upper respiratory tract mucosa and reduce its non-specific immunity. Various pathogenic microorganisms are easy to take advantage of it and increase the chances of contracting respiratory infectious diseases. Jimo city Health Education Institute reminds you to wash your hands frequently, sneeze, cough and clear your nose, and then wash your hands with soap and tap water. After washing your hands, dry them with clean towels and paper towels. No * * * with a towel. Don't touch your face, eyes and mouth before washing your hands. Get rid of the habit of picking your nose and rubbing your eyes to prevent germs from invading your body. You can't wash your hands immediately outside. You can sterilize your hands with sterile wet tissues.
Ventilation in rooms and offices with normal ventilation is very important. It's best to stay indoors for an hour or two and then go out for fresh air. Look forward to staying indoors for a long time, and often open the window for ventilation to keep the air fresh. When going out to work, pay attention to the air quality of vehicles and places, and try to stand in a place with smooth air. Avoid going to public places with poor air circulation and dense population in the popular season.
Drink plenty of water in spring to keep the nasal mucosa moist. Drinking more water has a good antibacterial effect and can effectively resist the invasion of viruses. Drinking more boiled water can also enhance the body's metabolic function. Reduce the stimulation. Try not to smoke, drink or eat spicy food. By reducing the irritation to the respiratory tract, the natural immune function is protected, and the ability to exclude external bacteria from invading the respiratory tract is enhanced.
Knowledge link respiratory infectious diseases
The so-called respiratory infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases in which pathogenic microorganisms invade some susceptible people through the respiratory tract and continue to spread outward with respiratory secretions to invade another susceptible person.
There are two main pathogens that cause common respiratory diseases and some respiratory infectious diseases: one is viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza virus, new enterovirus and measles virus. The second is germs (bacteria), mainly pertussis bacillus, diphtheria bacillus, meningococcus, hemolytic streptococcus type B, tuberculosis bacillus, etc. Most of these pathogenic microorganisms are parasitic in the patient's nasopharynx. When patients talk or sneeze, they will spit into the air. Healthy people may get sick if they inhale bacteria and viruses in the air.
Acute respiratory infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, are highly contagious. Patients with acute onset will have fever, sore throat, general pain, conjunctival congestion (red eye), runny nose, dry cough and other symptoms, often complicated with pneumonia.
Generally speaking, there are many specific drugs for bacteria, but for viruses, we should start with improving resistance, symptomatic treatment and preventing complications. Sun Ke Shen Wang Cai Yun