Modern psychologists have different views on intelligence.
The so-called intelligence refers to the ability of human beings to learn and adapt to the environment.
Intelligence includes observation, memory, imagination, thinking and so on.
The level of intelligence directly affects whether a person is successful in society.
Intelligence is expressed by IQ. The IQ of normal people is between 80~ 120, of which 80~90 belongs to the lower middle, 90~ 1 10 belongs to the normal, and1120 belongs to the upper middle.
70~80 is low, below 70 is mentally retarded, 120~ 130 is excellent, reaching 130 is extraordinary, and reaching 140 is basically a genius.
Generally speaking, the higher the IQ, the stronger the learning ability, but there is not necessarily a positive correlation between them.
Because IQ also includes social adaptability, some people have strong learning ability, but their social adaptability is not strong.
1905, French psychologist Binet.Alfred. Alfred and Simon formulated the first intelligence scale-Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale, which was introduced to China in 1922 and revised by Mr. Wu in Beijing in 1982. It has a question of ***5 1, which is mainly suitable for measuring the intelligence of primary and junior high school students.
19 16 wexler compiled the first edition of Wexler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), 1949 wexler released the first edition of Children Intelligence Scale (WISC), 1967 wexler released the first edition of wexler Infant Intelligence Scale (WPPSI), which was introduced in the middle and late 1980s.
China adopted the intelligence scale compiled by American psychologist wexler, revised by Gong Yaoxian of Hunan Medical University, and formulated the China norm.
Through psychological measurement, we can understand our intelligence level and potential, identify the mental damage caused by traffic accidents, and provide scientific basis for giving full play to our advantages, filling in the college entrance examination volunteers scientifically and giving birth to excellent children.
Intelligence test items:
The intelligence test includes 1 1 items, including common sense, understanding, arithmetic, similarity, memory, words, images, building blocks, arrangement, puzzles and symbols. The whole test takes about an hour, and it takes about an hour to summarize, analyze and write a test report.
In a typical modern intelligence test, if the average IQ of the subject population is 100, according to certain statistical principles, the IQ of half the population is between 90- 1 10, and the IQ is between 90- 100 and 165438+.
1 10- 120 accounted for 14.5%, 120- 130 accounted for 7%,130-10.
According to scientists in China, IQ is not completely determined by nature, but it is equally important to cultivate it.
Extraordinary intelligence and mental retardation
After the appearance of intelligence test, it becomes easier to distinguish intelligence differences.
It is found that a few people have extremely high IQ (above 130) and extremely low IQ (below 70), and about 80% of the total population have average or near-average IQ (between 80- 120). Those with higher intelligence than normal are called abnormal intelligence, while those with lower intelligence are called abnormal intelligence.
walnut
The oil contained in walnuts can supply the brain matrix.
Mineral elements zinc and manganese contained in walnuts are important components of pituitary gland. Eating walnuts regularly is beneficial to the nutritional supplement of the brain and has the function of strengthening the brain and improving intelligence.
After testing, this is false, with only a slight short-term refreshing effect and no IQ effect.
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Pheasant egg
Wild eggs are rich in lecithin, triglycerides and yolk, which have the function of strengthening the brain and improving intelligence, and are of great help to human development and nervous system. After the human body digests lecithin, it can release choline, which can improve the memory of all ages.
fish
Fish fat contains omega-3 fatty acids, which can protect the nervous system and help strengthen the brain.
Studies show that people who eat fish at least once a week, especially salmon, sardines and herring, have a much lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease than those who seldom eat fish.
Eating fish also helps to strengthen the activity of nerve cells, thus improving the ability of learning and memory.
This survey is based on Richard Lynn's bold conclusion after collecting and studying the IQ test data of 130 countries.
Professor Richard Lynn is a senior researcher in the field of IQ. He began to study racial IQ from 65438 to 0977.
In 2005, Professor Lynn published a "bold" research result, saying that "the IQ of men is 5 points higher than that of women".
Later, Lynn also compared the average IQ of college students around the world, and found that the IQ of American college students was 1 10, ranking first in the world, followed by British college students, with an average IQ of 109.
In 2006, Professor Richard Lynn published a new book entitled "Racial Intelligence Differences: An Evolutionary Analysis", which summarized the differences and reasons of IQ in different regions and drew a map of IQ world accordingly.
On the map of IQ world drawn by Professor Lynn, Jews have the highest IQ, with an average of over 125, followed by Germany 109, Netherlands 107 and Poland 106. The average IQ of Europeans and East Asians is the highest in the world, averaging 105.
Eskimos (9 1), Southeast Asians (87), American Native Indians (87), Pacific Islanders (85), South Asian North Africans (84), Sub-Saharan Africans (67) and Australian Aborigines (62) followed.
The areas with the lowest IQ are the jungle people in the desert plateau of South Africa and the pygmies in the rainforest area of Congo (Brazzaville), with an average IQ of 54.
Objectively speaking, scientifically testing children's intelligence can help parents find the golden key to unlock their intelligence as soon as possible and correctly understand their advantages and disadvantages.
For children with mental retardation, they can be found earlier and treated earlier.
If the method is improper, premature and rash blind identification may directly affect the healthy growth of children in the future.
So, what kind of children can test IQ? In real life, children who are withdrawn, timid, with poor academic performance and extremely unbalanced performance can be tested for IQ, so that psychologists can train and cultivate their children's lack of certain abilities without letting them know the test results.
If the child shows extraordinary intelligence or ability, it is suggested that the IQ test can be done without the child's knowledge.
However, the testing methods of gifted children are complicated, and experts will use various evaluation methods to identify their potential and ability, such as nomination, observation, dynamic evaluation, performance and archiving.
application area
check
During our study at school, we will spend a lot of time on IQ training besides learning knowledge.
Learn mathematics to exercise numerical calculation, spatial imagination, logical reasoning ability, and exercise vocabulary and memory ability with Chinese, English, history and geography.
The college entrance examination can be said to be a great review of people's abilities in these aspects.
Because the examination is conducted in a limited time, people are required to have high memory and processing ability for complex information in a short time.
People with high IQ have a special advantage in exams.
We all think that if a person has a good memory, it is something that everyone envies.
Because most of the contents of the exam are things that need to be firmly remembered.
For candidates, a good memory is the basis of high scores.
If you have a good memory, good computing skills and good language skills, you can get into a good university if you work harder.
Chess skills
In real social life, playing chess requires higher IQ.
According to the test of psychology department of East China Normal University, Chang Hao, one of the best Go players in China, has an IQ of 138, while Li Changgao, who is known as the first person in the world, has an IQ of 139, so their IQ belongs to a super high level.
scientific research
One area that requires a high IQ is scientific research.
Although the requirement for IQ in this field will not be as high as that of super genius, it must have a high IQ.
Mathematics is the basis of scientific research and IQ is the basis of mathematics.
"With the low efforts of most people, it is impossible to win talents", which has attracted many people's approval. However, this sentence is not for scientific research, but for working for most people to make money.
If you want to engage in computer theoretical research, scientific research, more theoretical things, especially mathematics, physics, informatics, have been very cutting-edge. Now, research in these fields, as I said, can stand at the forefront and do pioneering research, or at least try to do pioneering research, which has become the exclusive field of a few people with extremely high IQ.
If you can read some books on computer theory, you can read popular science books first, then read the actual theoretical books and the latest papers to understand how far this field has developed. You may think that this field is too complicated, and most people will understand that they are not suitable after understanding the essence. Real scientific research is often far from the knowledge in high school books. Without a certain intelligence, it is impossible to succeed in this field.
politics
It is said that former US President George W. Bush's IQ is only 98.
This remark also raised questions. George W. Bush graduated from Yale University, a famous university. How can his IQ be on the edge of the passing line?
The researchers found that Bush's IQ is between 120- 125, which is 10% of the smart people in the crowd.
But American presidents generally have high IQ, so George W. Bush's intelligence is not so outstanding. In addition, his predecessor Clinton's IQ was as high as 182, and his political achievements were outstanding. The sharp contrast between before and after gives people the impression that Bush's IQ is low.
Generally speaking, politicians of all countries need strong insight, decision-making, creativity and leadership, which are not available to idle people. They must have a high IQ to be competent.
Students with high academic performance often have extraordinary IQ and perseverance, so all countries in the world generally select highly educated and intelligent talents from their famous universities to become national leaders.
Therefore, it is difficult for people with low IQ to become national leaders, and the rumors of low IQ of leaders are even more nonsense.
For various occupations, IQ is the best predictor of job performance and leadership, and intelligence is directly related to the leadership and achievements of the president.
Intelligence also determines the president's personal charm, creativity and ambition to a certain extent.
According to George W. Bush's IQ, if ranked by political achievements, George W. Bush can rank 26th among the 42 presidents in American history.
However, IQ is not the only determinant. To be a successful leader, you need to think about the right questions in all directions at the right time and on the right occasion.
For example, President Reagan once described the Soviet Union as an "evil empire", but Gorbachev's views changed immediately after he took office.
This change of thinking mode is also necessary for politicians.
It was Bush's lack of this ability to change his way of thinking that led him to make the wrong decision to launch wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.
First of all, IQ and EQ reflect two different psychological qualities.
IQ mainly reflects people's cognitive ability, thinking ability, language ability, observation ability, calculation ability, rhythm ability and so on.
In other words, it mainly shows people's rational ability.
It may be the function of cerebral cortex, especially the left hemisphere brain which is in charge of abstract thinking and analytical thinking.
Emotional intelligence mainly reflects a person's ability to feel, understand, use, express, control and adjust his emotions, as well as his ability to deal with emotional relationships with others.
Emotional intelligence reflects the individual's ability to grasp and deal with emotional problems.
Emotion often walks in front of reason.
It is irrational and its material basis is mainly related to the brain stem system.
The frontal lobe of the brain controls emotions.
Secondly, the formation basis of IQ and EQ is different.
Although both EQ and IQ are related to genetic and environmental factors, their relationship with genetic and environmental factors is different.
The relationship between IQ and genetic factors is far greater than social environmental factors.
According to the entry in the Concise Encyclopedia of British IQ: "According to the survey results, about 70-80% of intelligence differences are due to genetic factors, and 20-30% of intelligence differences are caused by different environmental influences." There are innate factors in the formation and development of EQ.
For example, "the basic expression of human beings is common to all mankind and has cross-cultural consistency." (Emotional IQ, edited by Pan Yunming, China City Press, p. 22.
Aikman, an American psychologist, shows that New Guineans who have never been in contact with the outside world can correctly judge the expressions in photos of other nationalities.
There are great cultural differences in emotions.
Folklore research shows that there are significant differences in emotional expression among different ethnic groups.
The research of children's psychology shows that congenital blind children have relatively weak emotional ability due to the socialization influence caused by social communication obstacles.
Anthropological research shows that the emotions of primitive people are very different from those of civilized people.
They are irritable, cheerful, moody and have poor self-control.
Some anthropological researchers in the United States believe that the emotional control ability of human childhood is very weak, and from today's perspective, it is like suffering from collective mental illness.
From the study of modern history, we can also see that people's emotions are easily influenced by social environment, and people always have a deep-rooted herd mentality.
The social sentiment in Germany during World War II fully illustrated this point.
Thirdly, IQ and EQ have different functions.
The function of IQ is to know things better.
People with high IQ have excellent thinking quality, strong learning ability and profound understanding, and are easy to make outstanding achievements in a certain professional field and become experts in a certain field.
The survey shows that many people with high IQ have become experts, scholars, professors, judges, lawyers, journalists and so on. And have high attainments in their own fields.
Emotional quotient is mainly related to irrational factors, which affects the ability of cognition and practical activities.
It strengthens or weakens the driving force of understanding things by influencing people's interest, will and perseverance.
People with low IQ and high EQ are not as efficient as those with high IQ, but sometimes they can learn better and achieve greater success than those with high IQ.
Because perseverance is hard to make up for.
In addition, EQ is a kind of ability to grasp and adjust the emotions of self and others, so it has a great relationship with the handling of interpersonal relationships.
Its function is closely related to social life, interpersonal relationship, health status and marital status.
People with low emotional intelligence have tense interpersonal relationships, easily broken marriages and poor leadership skills.
People with higher EQ are usually in a healthy mood, with perfect marriage and family, good interpersonal relationship, easy to become the leader of a certain department, and have higher leadership and management skills. Emotional intelligence will affect the display of IQ.
In the past, brain experts always thought that IntelligentQuotient (IQ) was innate and could not be improved at all.
But this statement is out of date.
Research shows that human IQ can be changed.
With the evolution of human beings, the IQ of future people will be higher and higher.
People's IQ is different in different time periods.
This is why some children born to the same parents have low IQs and some have high IQs.
After a night's sleep, people's brains get a full rest, and half an hour after waking up in the morning is the highest IQ time of the day.
After working for 5 hours, at noon 12 people's brains are very tired. At this time, people's spirit will be very poor and their IQ will be relatively low.
At night 10, the human brain worked all day and was very tired. At this time, people's IQ is very low.
Adequate sleep can rest the brain and improve tomorrow's IQ.
Don't drink water at night, and don't think about things when you sleep, so as not to affect the quality of sleep.
People's IQ will increase when they are happy, but it will decrease when they are tired, flustered, excited, sad, afraid, afraid, depressed, anxious, nervous, angry, impatient, impulsive and impatient.
So in order to improve our IQ, we must forget the painful things and think more about the happy things.
Be sure to control your emotions, don't lose your temper, don't shout, and be a calm, optimistic, strong and humorous person.
People who often think will get higher IQ, and elderly people who don't think for a long time will get Alzheimer's disease.
People's potential is infinite, and most people's potential has not been developed. Only through continuous learning can we develop our potential and succeed. Believe in yourself, you are not smart, but your potential has not been developed.
Reading more successful speeches and books will improve people's IQ and EQ.
If you want to succeed, you must learn from successful people. With smart people, you will become smart.
Everyone will encounter countless difficulties and failures in his life, so don't be afraid of them.
The solution is always more difficult than it is. No matter what happens, you should be strong and optimistic, and believe that tomorrow will be better.
With the development of science and technology, the living standard of human beings will be higher and higher.
Human IQ can be divided into two types: mobile IQ and crystal IQ.
Both IQ can be improved by "five-pronged approach".
These five practices:
1. Change children's bad eating habits;
2. Create an inspiring and emotional environment for children;
3. Improve children's emotional IQ;
4. Guide children to set a goal and inspire children to think creatively.
Don't say a child is stupid, but teach him how to do things, how to be a man and how to speak, encourage him more, give him confidence and tell him that his wisdom is infinite and he can do many things.
Dr. Lagabian said that American scientists had conducted experiments on 1000 ordinary students in 803 primary schools in new york to explore the relationship between eating habits and IQ.
They found that after the school stipulated that no food containing added sugar should be sold in the canteen and that students should not bring lunch containing added sugar to school, students' academic performance and examination results were significantly improved.
Later, scientists banned this group of students from eating foods containing pigments and high fat (more than 30%).
A few months later, the students' academic performance showed impressive performance again.
At that time, the survey report was published in the authoritative medical journal The Lancet, which attracted a lot of people's attention.
Scientists in the United States, Britain and Israel have also conducted similar experiments.
This time, they found that children's IQ can be improved by 0 to 25 points after changing their eating habits (not eating foods with added sugar, pigment and high fat) for six months.
In other words, if a child's IQ is 100 (general IQ) before changing his eating habits, but it is improved by 25 points later, then his IQ will be upgraded to a gifted child.
Juvenile environment
Besides changing children's bad eating habits, providing an environment conducive to the development of brain cells can also improve children's IQ.
Dr. Lagabian said that babies sleep all day after birth, drink milk when they are full, and then continue to sleep when they are full.
This natural behavior is a sign of "good baby" for many parents, but it is unwise for American experts and will miss the opportunity to improve their IQ in vain.
He said that brain experts used to think that the more wrinkled a person's brain was, the smarter he was than others.
However, they changed the above statement. They found that Einstein, a talented scientist with an IQ as high as 160, had the same brain wrinkles as ordinary people with an IQ of 100.
There are no more or deeper wrinkles in the brain of the former.
Medical researchers have found that IQ actually depends on the number of bridges between brain cells.
When a person's brain cells have high communication activities, that person's IQ will be higher than that of a person who lacks communication between brain cells and cells.
Dr. Lagabian said: "The most critical moment for a baby is in the first two years after birth.
Many parents always let their children sleep as much as possible in the past two years, and even let their children sleep for 17- 19 hours every day, boasting proudly that their children are obedient and not noisy.
"This is simply a wrong cognition.
Letting children sleep blindly is simply raising children as a pot of flowers and plants, which is of little use to the development of children's brain cells.
Parents should make good use of their time to play with their babies and talk to them, so that they can learn to recognize various sounds.
"Research shows that if parents often communicate with their children, children will know how to express themselves in words when they grow up, and of course they will be smarter."
classical music
Studies have shown that the sound waves of classical music can improve the IQ of the human brain. If the human brain can use it to sing, or can quickly accept the melody and rhythm of sound, then we call this kind of music wisdom sound, so people usually say that music can provide IQ, but this is a prerequisite. Not everyone can improve their IQ by listening to music. It is generally said that Mozart's music can improve IQ.
Another reason why classical music can improve IQ is Einstein, who likes listening to music very much. Not only that, Einstein also asked his children to accept music.
Interestingly, Dr. Lagabian said that Florida and California began legislation six months ago, stipulating that every newborn baby must receive music CDs of Mozart and Beethoven, because research shows that listening to the music of these two masters can improve children's IQ.
In addition, they also legislated that every nursery in these two States must play Mozart and Beethoven's music for children, further creating an environment for children to improve their IQ.
However, Dr. Lagabian pointed out that it is very important to improve IQ, and parents should also pay attention to cultivating their children's emotional IQ and social IQ.
Otherwise, no matter how clever a child is, it will be very sad if he can't get along with others.
Other methods:
1. Eating alkaline food can improve IQ.
British scientists believe that the pH of human body fluids is related to IQ.
In the range allowed by the acidity of body fluid, the IQ is low when it is acidic; I have a high IQ when it is alkaline.
When scientists observed 42 boys aged 6 to 13, they found that the IQ of body fluids in the brain was twice as high as that below 7.0.
Because the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids can be regulated by diet, scientists put forward suggestions to improve the diet structure and eat more alkaline foods to improve the intelligence level.
Scientists advise children to eat less fish and meat and more soy products and dairy products; Eat less greasy food and more fruits and vegetables; Eat less sweets and more seafood.
This eating habit is conducive to the improvement of people's IQ, especially children.
Professor Donglian Cai, director of the Nutrition Department and doctoral supervisor of Changhai Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, believes that this view of British scientists is correct. Acidic food produces negative ions after metabolism, and when the negative ions increase, the ph value will decrease. On the contrary, alkaline food will produce cations after metabolism. If the cation rises, the ph value will increase. Eating more alkaline food can improve IQ, which is not only suitable for children, but also suitable for everyone.
Professor Cai introduced that food can be divided into alkaline, neutral and acidic according to its elemental composition. Foods containing potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium are alkaline foods, such as fruits, vegetables, bean products, dairy products, kelp and alkaline drinks.
Foods containing phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur and iodine are acidic foods, such as meat, grain, oil and wine.
The fetus will feel it in about 3 months. When the mother touches the abdominal wall, the fetus will respond by kicking.
By 4 months, the fetus will be aware of external sounds and feel any sound that can pass through the mother. This is because the ability of human blood to transmit sound waves is much greater than that of air.
This kind of sound constantly affects the fetal sensory organs, promotes their development and plays an important role in the development of human intelligence.
By 5-6 months, the structure of fetal cerebral cortex has basically formed, and the sense of touch, vision, hearing and taste has developed to a considerable extent, and some activities of the outside world can be felt. At this time, playing some music for pregnant women and prenatal education can promote the intellectual development of the fetus.
2. Alkaline food is good for children.
Human body fluids are slightly alkaline, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of substances.
If children lack alkaline substances, it will affect hormone secretion and nerve activity, and such children have low IQ.
It can improve children's diet structure, and eating more alkaline food can improve academic performance.
Generally speaking, green vegetables, nuts, fruits, low-fat milk, all kinds of mushrooms, beans and bean products, kelp and so on. They are all alkaline foods.
* * Meat, fish, flour, rice, peanuts, etc. Such as cattle, sheep, chickens and ducks, are acidic substances after metabolism by the human body, so they belong to acidic substances.
Some foods, such as walnuts, frogs, pearls, animal brains and red dates, can enhance intellectual development.
Foods with high vitamin C content are also beneficial to improve IQ.
When orange juice with high vitamin C content was supplied to children 18 months, their IQ was 3.6 higher than that of users on average.
3. Caress and cultivation promote growth
Touching your baby gently can promote your baby's growth and development.
We should focus on the baby's head, neck, chest and limbs three times a day, and touch the baby's whole body every day for 15 minutes, more than 10 days.
Enhancing children's memory depends on their usual efforts.
Parents should often chat with their children, sometimes say a short sentence, and then let the children say it backwards.
When walking, let the children remember the names of the shops and roads they pass by, and then recite them to see how much they can remember.
Books are an excellent means to improve children's intelligence, and colorful pictures, such as a dog, an apple, a pen, etc. , should be chosen for babies under 1 year.
Use pictures to let them know what they can't see or connect with what they can see.
For 1-2-year-old children, you should choose books with large pictures and words, which can reflect things they are familiar with, such as flowers, animals and houses. , and related to the text.
For children aged 2-3, choose a picture book with story content, and cooperate with children's songs that can be read together.
For 3-4-year-old children, we should choose books with new ideas and more details, such as animal stories, short fairy tales and short Tang poems. Although you don't know them very well, they are also good for enhancing your memory.
When telling stories to children, children should be encouraged to ask questions and interrupt, so as to improve their learning interest and thinking ability.
Indeed, IQ has a lot to do with heredity, but it can still be improved through acquired efforts.
The normal range of IQ is 80- 120, the average 100, 90-10 is normal,1120 is above average,120 is above average.
If a child's IQ is below 70, it is not easy to say that he is mentally retarded. Only when children pay attention to the detection of IQ, it has great limitations, because it can only measure the current intelligence level of children, but not the potential ability of children's intelligence. Because children's development is influenced by environment and education, it will change in the future development process, and children's intelligence can only be evaluated quantitatively, not qualitatively. IQ is just a numerical value, which can't reflect the difference of children's intelligence. It doesn't mean that a person's academic performance can't predict a person's future achievements. Some psychologists believe that human intelligence should be divided into six types, namely, language intelligence, music intelligence, logical mathematics intelligence, spatial relationship intelligence, physical exercise intelligence and self-cognitive intelligence. Therefore, at present, only testing children's IQ is relatively poor, which cannot explain future problems. Sometimes testing children is too nervous, which affects the test results and can't explain the real situation of children. Because the child's IQ is between 60 and 70, it must be analyzed and evaluated in combination with the child's social adaptability. If their social adaptability is lower than that of children of the same age and their IQ is below 70, they can only be considered mentally retarded, and education and help should be strengthened, but education for children with high IQ cannot be relaxed.
No matter what the IQ level is, I think this is a gift from my parents and a gift from heaven. It is because of such differences that we are different. You should learn to be cheerful, respect yourself and give full play to your talents.